Relación entre emoción y memoria.

Continuando con el debate sobre 'La memoria humana' se estudia la relación entre la emoción y la memoria, concretamente, el recuerdo dependiente y congruente con el estado de ánimo. Se analizan las circunstancias concretas y necesarias para que la dependencia citada aparezca: a) cuando se emplea el paradigma de la Interferencia, b) cuando se utilizan materiales poco estructurados, c) Cuando no existen otro tipo de claves que puedan ayudar a los sujetos a la recuperación del material, d) Cuando los sujetos deben, en la fase de estudio, generar el material en vez de simplemente leerlo, y por último e) cuando el estado de ánimo de los sujetos es suficientemente profundo y marcado.

Raimundo Lulio.

Mallorquín que vive en el siglo XIII. Su vida es acción y contemplación. Aprende sin cesar, escribe, predica, aborda con valentía los problemas de la ciencia y del alma. Raimundo abraza la orden y el pensamiento del Santo de Asís, no los métodos rigurosos de Santo Domingo y la Escolástica aristotélica. El, igual que San Agustín, Duns Escoto, toma el camino de la verdad por el amor, no del amor por la verdad. El final es el mismo, pero los métodos y los sistemas difieren. El franciscano se inspira en Platón y Lulio procede por iluminación , no por razón. Aprende a fondo el árabe. Es el primero en la historia que compone tratados de Filosofía en lengua vulgar. Pio IX le declaró beato y no cabe la menor sombra de herejía en sus escritos. Pertenece al siglo XIII, siglo de la Escolástica , las Catedrales Góticas y las Sumas Más, no toda la filosofía medieval es ortodoxa y de recibo para los católicos. Escribió muchos libros polémicos, de filosofía, poemas. Pero, su obra más famosa es un libro de Caballería: Tirant lo Blanch, el más licencioso de los libros de caballeria.

Nuevos monumentos y conjuntos hist.-art??sticos y paisajes pintorescos

Se describen los siguientes monumentos, conjuntos hist??rico-art??sticos y paisajes pintorescos a los que se les ha otorgado tal declaraci??n y protecci??n oficial: el Convento de San Jos?? de ??vila, la ciudad de Ibiza, el Palacio del marqu??s de Comillas (Barcelona), la 'Casa del Cord??n' (Burgos), Barrio jud??o de Herv??s (C??ceres), la villa de Llivia (Gerona), la villa de Ba??os de la Encina (Ja??n), la Herrer??a de Compludo (Le??n), la ciudad de Alcal?? de Henares, alrededores de Maro-Cueva de Nerja (??M??laga), Palacio de los Condes de Casa Galindo (Sevilla), antigua Universidad Literaria (Sevilla), la ciudad de Daroca (Zaragoza), y la villa de Sos del Rey Cat??lico (Zaragoza). Se describen tambi??n las razones que abonan la creaci??n del Museo Hist??rico Municipal de Requena (Valencia), las tres nuevas salas de pintura flamenca en el Museo del Prado, la conferencia del catedr??tico don Jos?? Mar??a Azc??rate sobre obras que incluyen el 'Comentario del Apocalipsis' de Beato de Li??bana, la 'alegr??a vital del arte cretense', la 'teor??a de Miguel ??ngel' y 'La m??stica y el arte en la Espa??a de Felipe II' por el profesor Cam??n Aznar y, por ??ltimo, se hace un repaso por la vida de Daniel V??zquez D??az, con motivo de su fallecimiento.

Fray Junípero Serra, educador de pueblos.

Título anterior de la publicación : Boletín de la Comisión Española de la UNESCO

No effect of stress on false recognition

Resumen tomado de la publicación

False recognition production indexes in forward associative strength (FAS) lists with three critical words

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

La evaluaci??n del alumnado universitario en el Espacio Europeo de Educaci??n Superior

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Caminho marítimo : o elemento oriental na cosmologia d'Os Lusíadas

Pretendemos com este estudo revelar a presença do Oriente na cultura portuguesa e promover a relação entre estas duas culturas, partindo da hipótese de que Os Lusíadas de Luís de Camões apresentam uma concepção do Universo resultante da compreensão comparada dos mitos gregos e hindus. Primeiramente, iremos colocar em evidência, através da noção de heroísmo, a importância do papel de Diónisos e do culto do Drama, por um lado, e de Zeus e do culto dos Jogos atléticos por outro, na espiritualidade do Ocidente; de seguida, faremos o estudo propriamente dito do enredo mitológico da epopeia camoniana, aspecto da obra que consideramos fundamental para a sua compreensão e em que nos parece encontrar-se a influência do elemento oriental.

Roma : outra forma de planear

"Modernizzare Roma - Dalla citá senza regole e dalla cultura del metrocubo alle certeze di una pianificazione che rispetta I'ambiente e garintisce la massima mobilità per i cittadini. ln una visione di rispiro metropolitano. "Este é o slogan do novo executivo da "Comune di Roma".A reflexão sobre a crise do Plano Urbanístico tradicional consumada através da diatribe entre Plano e Projecto, bem como a rica experiência europeia da segunda metade dosanos oitenta, demonstram que o novo planeamento urbanístico não se deve condenar à ineficácia, deve ter o pressuposto da operacionalidade, o envolvimento da sociedade em que actua, os recursos financeiros necessários, tudo dentro de um elevado grau de participação e consenso por parte de todos os parceiros sociais.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) and cross-amplification in collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu)

White-lipped peccaries, Tayassu pecari, are neotropical ungulates whose populations have been declining in numerous locations within their geographical distribution. Here we describe 16 microsatellite loci isolated from T. pecari and their cross-amplification in collared peccaries, Pecari tajacu. In 30 individuals of T. pecari, a total of 32 alleles were found in ten polymorphic loci, ranging from 2 to 8 alleles per locus with a mean of 3.2. The expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.143 to 0.802 and from 0 to 0.704, respectively. Two loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In P. tajacu, nine loci were polymorphic with a mean of 3.2 alleles per locus. These molecular markers will be useful to study the genetic status of peccary populations and, consequently, to help their conservation.

Effects of lipid-lowering drugs on reverse cholesterol transport gene expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear and HepG2 cells

Aims: The ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, are LXR-target genes that play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. We examined the effects of inhibitors of the cholesterol absorption (ezetimibe) and synthesis (statins) on expression of these transporters in HepG2 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with primary (and nonfamilial) hypercholesterolemia (HC). Materials & methods: A total of 48 HC individuals were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/day/4 weeks) and 23 were treated with ezetimibe (10 mg/day/4 weeks), followed by simvastatin (10 mg/day/8 weeks) and simvastatin plus ezetimibe (10 mg of each/day/4 weeks). Gene expression was examined in statin- or ezetimibe-treated and control HepG2 cells as well as PBMCs using real-time PCR. Results: In PBMCs, statins and ezetimibe downregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression but did not modulate NR1H2 (LxR-beta) and NR1H3 (LXR-alpha) levels. Positive correlations of ABCA1 with ABCG1 and of NR1H2 with NR1H3 expressions were found in all phases of the treatments. In HepG2 cells, ABCA1 mRNA levels remained unaltered while ABCG1 expression was increased by statin (1.0-10.0 mu M) or ezetimibe (5.0 mu M) treatments. Atorvastatin upregulated NR1H2 and NR1H3 only at 10.0 mu M, meanwhile ezetimibe (1.0-5.0 mu M) downregulated NR1H2 but did not change NR1H3 expression. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that lipid-lowering drugs downregulate ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression in PBMCs of HC individuals and exhibit differential effects on HepG2 cells. Moreover, they indicate that the ABCA1 and ABCG1 transcript levels were not correlated directly to LXR mRNA expression in both cell models treated with lipid-lowering drugs.

The South American Plasmodium falciparum var gene repertoire is limited, highly shared and possibly lacks several antigenic types

The Plasmodium falciparum var gene family encodes large variant antigens, which are important virulence factors, and also targets of the humoral host response. The frequently observed mild outcomes of falciparum malaria in many places of the Amazon area prompted us to ask whether a globally restricted variant (var) gene repertoire is present in currently circulating and older isolates of this area. By exhaustive analysis of var gene tags from 89 isolates and clones taken during many years from all over the Brazilian Amazon, we estimate that there are probably no more than 350-430 distinct sequence types, less than for any similar sized area studied so far. Detailed analysis of the var tags from genetically distinct clones obtained from single isolates revealed restricted and redundant repertoires suggesting either a low incidence of infective bites or restricted variant gene diversity in inoculated parasites. Additionally, we found a structuring of var gene repertoires observed as a higher pairwise typing sharing in isolates from the same microregion compared to isolates from different regions. Fine analysis of translated var tags revealed that certain Distinct Sequence Identifiers (DSIDs) were differently represented in Brazilian/South American isolates when compared to datasets from other continents. By global alignment of worldwide var DBL alpha sequences and sorting in groups with more than 76% identity, 125 clusters were formed and more than half of all genes were found in nine clusters with 50 or more sequences. While Brazilian/South American sequences were represented only in 64 groups, African sequences were found in the majority of clusters. DSID type 1 related sequences accumulated almost completely in one single cluster, indicating that limited recombination occurs in these specific var gene types. These data demonstrate the so far highest pairwise type sharing values for the var gene family in isolates from all over an entire subcontinent. The apparent lack of specific sequences types suggests that the P. falciparum transmission dynamics in the whole Amazon are probably different from any other endemic region studied and possibly interfere with the parasite`s ability to efficiently diversify its variant gene repertoires. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.