982 resultados para General combining ability
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A Declarao de Bolonha (1999) obrigou a mudanas vrias, reconfigurando os modelos formativos no espao europeu do ensino superior, at 2010. A partir de 2006, em Portugal, com a criao e adequao dos cursos superiores existentes ao modelo de Bolonha, verificou-se uma generalizada reduo da durao mdia dos diferentes ciclos de estudo e a definio de competncias gerais e especficas para os cursos e estudantes. Reflecte-se sobre a importncia da literacia da informao, conceito evolutivo e abrangente, que se pode traduzir, sumariamente, em saber quando e porqu se tem uma necessidade informacional, onde encontrar a informao, como avali-la, us-la e comunic-la de forma tica, incluindo as competncias tecnolgicas, definio que se inscreve na interdisciplinar Cincia da Informao e no comportamento informacional. Destaca-se a vantagem de uma formao para a literacia da informao no ensino superior, a qual contribuir, certamente, para dotar os estudantes das referidas competncias e melhor-las. Defende-se a necessidade de uma desejvel inter-aco entre mltiplos agentes educativos, com destaque para a trilogia estudantes, bibliotecrios e professores, sendo os primeiros encarados como protagonistas activos das suas aprendizagens e devendo ser dotados de competncias de literacia da informao, factor determinante para o seu sucesso. Quanto ao Bibliotecrio, dotado de novas competncias, entre as quais as tecnolgicas, deve ser um facilitador do processo de formao para a literacia - preferencialmente integrada num projecto pedaggico e no currculo - articulando a sua aco educativa com estudantes e docentes. Corroborando a extenso educativa das Bibliotecas e aliando-a ao uso inevitvel das novas tecnologias da informao e comunicao, sublinha-se o papel das Bibliotecas Digitais, que podem corresponder eficientemente aos anseios dos utilizadores no acesso a uma informao de qualidade, de forma cmoda, rpida, a baixo custo, com personalizao dos servios online, com inter-aco e socializao, atravs de ferramentas de edio colaborativa, tpicas da Web 2.0.
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The authors analyzed 704 transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examinations, performed routinely to all admitted patients to a general 16-bed Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during an 18-month period. Data acquisition and prevalence of abnormalities of cardiac structures and function were assessed, as well as the new, previously unknown severe diagnoses. A TTE was performed within the first 24 h of admission on 704 consecutive patients, with a mean age of 61.5+/-17.5 years, ICU stay of 10.6+/-17.1 days, APACHE II 22.6+/-8.9, and SAPS II 52.7+/-20.4. In four patients, TTE could not be performed. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions were quantified in 689 (97.8%) patients, and LV function in 670 (95.2%) patients. Cardiac output (CO) was determined in 610 (86.7%), and mitral E/A in 399 (85.9% of patients in sinus rhythm). Echocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 234 (33%) patients, the most common being left atrial (LA) enlargement (n=163), and LV dysfunction (n=132). Patients with these alterations were older (66+/-16.5 vs 58.1+/-17.4, p<0.001), presented a higher APACHE II score (24.4+/-8.7 vs 21.1+/-8.9, p<0.001), and had a higher mortality rate (40.1% vs 25.4%, p<0.001). Severe, previously unknown echocardiographic diagnoses were detected in 53 (7.5%) patients; the most frequent condition was severe LV dysfunction. Through a multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was determined that mortality was affected by tricuspid regurgitation (p=0.016, CI 1.007-1.016) and ICU stay (p<0.001, CI 1-1.019). We conclude that TTE can detect most cardiac structures in a general ICU. One-third of the patients studied presented cardiac structural or functional alterations and 7.5% severe previously unknown diagnoses.
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Phospholipase and proteinase production and the ability of adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of 112 Candida isolates originated from oral cavity of HIV infected patients and from blood and catheter of intensive care unit patients were investigated. The proteinase production was detected by inoculation into bovine serum albumin (BSA) agar and the phospholipase activity was performed using egg yolk emulsion. A yeast suspension of each test strain was incubated with buccal epithelial cells and the number of adherence yeast to epithelial cells was counted. A percentage of 88.1% and 55.9% of Candida albicans and 69.8% and 37.7% of non-albicans Candida isolates produced proteinase and phospholipase, respectively. Non-albicans Candida isolated from catheter were more proteolytic than C. albicans isolates. Blood isolates were more proteolytic than catheter and oral cavity isolates while oral cavity isolates produced more phospholipase than those from blood and catheter. C. albicans isolates from oral cavity and from catheter were more adherent to BEC than non-albicans Candida isolates, but the adhesion was not different among the three sources analyzed. The results indicated differences in the production of phospholipase and proteinase and in the ability of adhesion to BEC among Candida spp. isolates from different sources. This study suggests that the pathogenicity of Candida can be correlated with the infected site.
Attitudes towards mentally ill in professionals working in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital in Rwanda
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ABSTRACT: This quantitative study investigated the attitudes toward the mentally ill in professionals working in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital. The research questions explored were centered on the attitudes of directly involved and supportive professionals toward mentally ill clients and also on the difference between the attitudes of directly involved and supportive professionals toward mentally ill clients and demographic variables. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in attitude between direct care providers and supportive professionals toward the mentally ill clients. The Community Attitudes towards Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale (Dear & Taylor, 1982; Taylor, Dear & Hall, 1979; Taylor & Dear, 1981) was used. A total of 72 members of the staff, including 55 directly involved staff and 17 supportive staff members, participated in the survey. A summary interpretation of the main findings in this thesis reinforces the assumption that negative attitudes towards people with mental illness received in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital are in existence, even though the majority have favorable attitudes towards the mentally ill. This suggests that persons with mental illness may encounter stigmatizing attitudes from mental health professionals. This study represents one of the first to explore professionals attitudes towards the mentally ill. It is hoped that this work will highlight the need to explore the influence of attitudes in the delivery of high quality healthcare. The providerpatient relationship is at the heart of effective treatment and the detrimental impact of prejudicial judgments on this relationship should not be ignored. This study also demonstrates that professionals with different roles report different attitudes and this suggest that they would behave differently towards patients with mental illness. The directly involved professionals have been found to have more positive attitudes than the supportive professional and this seems to show that as individuals improve their ability to interact with persons with mental illness, they become more tolerant. The present study demonstrates that the sociodemographic variables tested have no impact on the attitudes of the professionals working in Ndera neuropsychiatric hospital. The extent of mental health training (as part of general health training) and duration of experience of working in mental health settings did not influence attitudes. Finally, this study demonstrates that there is no correlation between the attitudes towards mentally ill patients and their inclusion in the process of decision-making.
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A gesto de recursos humanos uma abordagem em asceno e em constante mutao, exigindo-se s empresas capacidade de atrao, motivao e reteno de recursos humanos. Este estudo tem como objetivo fundamental compreender quais as boas prticas na gesto de RH das unidades hoteleiras do Norte de Portugal. Adotando uma abordagem metodolgica quantitativa, aplicamos como instrumento um questionrio das melhores prticas na gesto internacional de recursos humanos, o qual foi adaptado ao respetivo contexto social, cultural e organizacional, s unidades hoteleiras da regio do Norte de Portugal. O questionrio foi respondido por cinquenta e dois gestores daquelas organizaes. Os principais resultados obtidos sobre as boas prticas de recursos humanos utilizadas confirmam que os responsveis acreditam estar a fazer uma gesto de pessoas muito eficaz, que os colaboradores apresentam um elevado desempenho e se encontram satisfeitos com o seu emprego. Utilizam de uma forma geral todas as prticas de recursos humanos eficazmente, que contribuem positivamente para o sucesso organizacional. Chegamos igualmente concluso, que estando perante um setor de atividade em franco crescimento e com uma enorme concorrncia, s com uma leitura constante e adequada ao momento das vrias prticas, permitir aos seus gestores atualizar, adaptar a sua liderana e assim ter colaboradores satisfeitos, interessados e comprometidos com os objetivos organizacionais. No obstante, conclui-se que se pode e deve fazer mais para continuar rumo excelncia.
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BACKGROUND: The detection of psychosocial distress is a significant communication problem in Southern Europe and other countries. Work in this area is hampered by a lack of data. Because not much is known about training aimed at improving the recognition of psychosocial disorders in cancer patients, we developed a basic course model for medical oncology professionals. METHODS: A specific educational and experiential model (12 hours divided into 2 modules) involving formal teaching (ie, journal articles, large-group presentations), practice in small groups (ie, small-group exercises and role playing), and discussion in large groups was developed with the aim of improving the ability of oncologists to detect emotional disturbances in cancer patients (ie, depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders). RESULTS: A total of 30 oncologists from 3 Southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, and Spain) participated in the workshop. The training course was well accepted by most participants who expressed general satisfaction and a positive subjective perception of the utility of the course for clinical practice. Of the total participants, 28 physicians (93.3%) thought that had they been exposed to this material sooner, they would have incorporated the techniques received in the workshop into their practices; 2 participants stated they would likely have done so. Half of the doctors (n = 15) believed that their clinical communication techniques were improved by participating in the workshop, and the remaining half thought that their abilities to communicate with cancer patients had improved. CONCLUSIONS: This model is a feasible approach for oncologists and is easily applicable to various oncology settings. Further studies will demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for improving oncologists skills in recognizing emotional disorders in their patients with cancer.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to develop a model for estimating patient 28-day in-hospital mortality using 2 different statistical approaches. DESIGN: The study was designed to develop an outcome prediction model for 28-day in-hospital mortality using (a) logistic regression with random effects and (b) a multilevel Cox proportional hazards model. SETTING: The study involved 305 intensive care units (ICUs) from the basic Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3 cohort. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n = 17138) were from the SAPS 3 database with follow-up data pertaining to the first 28 days in hospital after ICU admission. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The database was divided randomly into 5 roughly equal-sized parts (at the ICU level). It was thus possible to run the model-building procedure 5 times, each time taking four fifths of the sample as a development set and the remaining fifth as the validation set. At 28 days after ICU admission, 19.98% of the patients were still in the hospital. Because of the different sampling space and outcome variables, both models presented a better fit in this sample than did the SAPS 3 admission score calibrated to vital status at hospital discharge, both on the general population and in major subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Both statistical methods can be used to model the 28-day in-hospital mortality better than the SAPS 3 admission model. However, because the logistic regression approach is specifically designed to forecast 28-day mortality, and given the high uncertainty associated with the assumption of the proportionality of risks in the Cox model, the logistic regression approach proved to be superior.
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A presente dissertao tem com objetivo o desenvolvimento de um biossensor com base nos polmeros de impresso molecular para a deteo de uma molcula alvo, o cido glutmico que convertido em glutamina pela glutamina sintetase, recorrendo potenciometria. Nas clulas neoplsicas a glutamina no sintetizada podendo-se considerar que o cido glutmico um potencial agente anti-cancro. A tcnica de impresso molcular utilizada foi a polimerizao em bulk, combinando a acrilamida e a bis acrilamida com o cido glutmico. Para se verificar se a resposta potenciomtrica obtida era de facto da molcula alvo foram preparados em paralelo com os sensores, materiais de controlo, ou seja, molculas sem impresso molcular (NIP). Para se controlar a constituo qumica dos vrios sensores nomeadamente, do NIP e do polmero de impresso molecular (MIP) antes e aps a remoo bem como a molcula foram realizados estudos de Espetroscopia de Infravermelhos de Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) e Espetroscopia de Raios X por disperso em energia (EDS). Os materiais desenvolvidos foram aplicados em vrias membranas que diferiam umas das outras, sendo seletivas ao io. A avaliao das caractersticas gerais das membranas baseou-se na anlise das curvas de calibrao, conseguidas em meios com pHs diferentes, comparando os vrios eltrodos. O pH 5 foi o que apresentou melhor resultado, associado a uma membrana que continha um aditivo, o p-tetra-octilphenol, e com o sensor com percentagem de 3%. Posto isto, testou-se em material biolgico, urina, com as melhores caractersticas quer em termos de sensibilidade (18,32mV/dcada) quer em termos de linearidade (1,6x10-6 a 1,48x10-3 mol/L). Verificou-se ainda que aplicando ies interferentes na soluo, estes no interferem nesta, podendo ser aplicados na amostra sem que haja alterao na resposta potenciomtrica. O eltrodo capaz de distinguir o cido glutmico dos restantes ies presentes na soluo.
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Na sociedade atual, a preocupao com o ambiente, por um lado, e com o conforto e a segurana, por outro, faz com que a sustentabilidade energtica se assuma como uma forma de interveno adequada s exigncias de qualidade de vida e eficincia no mbito da economia. Nesta conformidade, incontornvel a mais-valia do Smart Panel, um quadro eltrico inteligente criado com vista consecuo daqueles desideratos, o que motivou o tema do presente trabalho. Assim, pretende-se demonstrar as potencialidades do Smart Panel, um novo conceito de quadro eltrico que visa a otimizao da sua funcionalidade na gesto dinmica e pragmtica das instalaes eltricas, nomeadamente no que respeita ao controlo, monitorizao e atuao sobre os dispositivos, quer in loco quer, sobretudo, distncia. Para a consecuo deste objetivo, concorrem outros que o potenciam, designadamente a compreenso do funcionamento do quadro eltrico (QE) tradicional, a comparao deste com o Smart Panel e a demonstrao das vantagens da utilizao desta nova tecnologia. A grande finalidade do trabalho desenvolvido , por um lado, colocar a formao acadmica ao servio de um bom desempenho profissional futuro, por outro ir ao encontro da tendncia tecnolgica inerente s necessidades que o homem, hoje, tem de controlar. Deste modo, num primeiro momento, feita uma abordagem geral ao quadro elctrico tradicional a fim de ser compreendido o seu funcionamento, aplicaes e potencialidades. Para tanto, a explanao inclui a apresentao de conceitos tericos subjacentes conceo, produo e montagem do QE. So explicitados os diversos componentes que o integram e funes que desempenham, bem como as interaes que estabelecem entre si e os normativos a que devem obedecer, para conformidade. Houve a preocupao de incluir imagens coadjuvantes das explicaes, descries e procedimentos tcnicos. No terceiro captulo abordada a tecnologia Smart Panel, introduzindo o conceito e objetivos que lhe subjazem. Explicita-se o modo de funcionamento deste sistema que agrupa proteo, superviso, controlo, armazenamento e manuteno preventiva, e demonstra-se de que forma a capacidade de leitura de dados, de comunicao e de comando do quadro eltrico distncia se afigura uma revoluo tecnolgica facilitadora do cumprimento das necessidades de segurana, conforto e economia da vida moderna. Os captulos quarto, quinto e sexto versam uma componente prtica do trabalho. No captulo quarto explanado um suporte formativo e posterior demonstrao do kit de ensaio, que servir de apoio apresentao da tecnologia Smart Panel aos clientes. Alm deste suporte de formao, no quinto captulo elaborada uma lista de procedimentos de verificao a serem executados aos componentes de comunicao que integram o Smart Panel, para fornecimento ao quadrista. Por fim, no sexto captulo incluem-se dois casos de estudo: o estudo A centra-se na aplicao da tecnologia Smart Panel ao projeto de um QE tradicional, que implica fazer o levantamento de toda a aparelhagem existente e, de seguida, proceder transposio para a tecnologia Smart Panel por forma a cumprir os requisitos estabelecidos pelo cliente. O estudo de caso B consiste na elaborao de um projeto de um quadro elctrico com a tecnologia Smart Panel em funo de determinados requisitos e necessidades do cliente, por forma a garantir as funes desejadas.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this analysis was to analyze and describe the steps that have been taken in the development of the mental health policy in Suriname after the WHO AIMS. The objectives are: 1.To review the steps to be taken in developing a mental health policy and plan for a country 2.To gather information and data concerning mental health policy and plan development in Suriname 3.To draw conclusion from the experience gained that can be applied to other countries. In general, the information that was gathered from the four countries Guyana, Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago and Suriname, was compared with the WHO steps for developing a mental health policy and plan. Were these steps taken into consideration, when developing their mental health policy and plan? If not, what were the reasons why it did not happen? The checklist for evaluating a mental health plan was used in Suriname. This checklist assisted to see if the results of the recommendations given by the WHO AIMS to develop a effective and balanced mental health plan were taken into consideration. The mayor findings of the analysis are that Suriname as well as Guyana used the steps in developing their mental health policy and plan. Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago did not develop a mental health policy and plan. Suriname and Guyana have a mental health coordinating body at the Ministry of Health. Trinidad & Tobago as well as Barbados have a mental health focal person at the Ministry of Health of the respective countries. It can be concluded that successfully improving of health systems and services for mental health is combining theoretical concepts, expert knowledge and cooperation of many stakeholders. The appointment of a mental health coordinating unit at the Ministry of Health is crucial for the development of mental health in a country. Furthermore, mental health is everyones business and responsibility. Implementing the steps to be taken when developing a mental health policy and plan as recommended by WHO may be a slow process requiring the mobilization of political will. Thats why it is crucial that persons responsible for this process work close with all stakeholders in relevant sectors, taking their needs into consideration and try to translate that in clear objectives. It is common knowledge that improving the quality of mental health must be accompanied by the availability of financial and human resources. Finally, a mental health policy and plan should be one document tackling all aspects of mental health of a community.
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Inorg Chem. 2008 Jul 7;47(13):5677-84. doi: 10.1021/ic702405d
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
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Dissertao para obteno do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Informtica
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In August 1983,85 inhabitants of the municipality of Humait, Amazonas State, Brazil were studied to determine the prevalence of antigens to HLA-A, -B, -C and DR. Thirty-eight were sick with malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. All subjects were examined for splenomegaly, blood parasitaemia and antibodies to malaria. They constituted three groups: 1) 25 subjects native to the Amazon region who had never had malaria; 2) 38 Amazonian subjects who had malaria in the past or currently had an infection; 3) 22 patients with malaria who had acquired the infection in the Amazon Region but came from other regions of Brazil. Blood was taken from each person, the lymphocytes were separated and typed by the test of microlymphocytotoxicity. There was a high frequency of antigens that could not be identified in the groups studied which suggests the existence of a homozygote or phenotype not identified in the population. There was a high frequency of the phenotype Ag(W24) (44.7%) in group 2 when compared with group 1 (32%) or group 3 (9%). Also the individuals in group 2 showed an elevated frequency of antigen DR(4)80%) when compared with group 1 (36.6%) or group 3 (16.6%). These observations suggest the possibility of a genetic susceptibility to malaria among Amazonian residents and indicate a necessity for more extensive studies of the frequency of HLA antigens among inhabitants of this endemic malarial zone.