La integración cultural y social en las migraciones intraeuropeas

Cuando un migrante llega a una sociedad distinta, debe elegir cómo vivir en ella. En esta elección cuentan su pasado, su presente y especialmente su futuro en términos de expectativas de movilidad. Comprender cómo viven los residentes extranjeros en su país de destino implica considerar conceptos clave como procesos de socialización, shock cultural, competencia intercultural o procesos de aculturación que implican aprender nuevas competencias culturales. A partir de los datos de la Encuesta Social de Migraciones Internas Europeas (EIMSS) este trabajo se centra en el análisis de dos dimensiones, la integración cultural y la integración social, que van a caracterizar el modo en que los migrantes europeos viven en su nuevo entorno social, y su relación con la percepción de la discriminación que tiene el migrante o su adaptación psicológica, en términos de nostalgia y satisfacción con la vida.

Re-contacto mediante encuesta telefónica con trabajadores inmigrantes en España (ITSAL II)

Objetivo: La población inmigrante presenta dificultades específicas para acceder a ella. Este estudio describe y evalúa la experiencia de re-contacto (muestra final) con trabajadores inmigrantes que participaron en una encuesta tres años antes (muestra inicial), compara ambas muestras y describe la muestra final. Métodos: En 2008 se realizó una encuesta presencial a 2.434 trabajadores inmigrantes (proyecto ITSAL I). 1.229 dejaron un número telefónico para ser re-contactados. En 2011 se los llamó para encuestarlos nuevamente (proyecto ITSAL II). Se calcularon indicadores de resultados de contacto (American Association Public Opinion Research). Se compararon las características sociodemográficas y laborales de los trabajadores de las muestras inicial y final. En la muestra final se compararon las distribuciones de variables sociodemográficas y laborales según país de origen. Se analizaron los cambios de situación legal, sector de actividad y ocupación en este intervalo. Resultados: La proporción de entrevistados que contestaron la segunda entrevista (tasa de respuesta) fue 29,5%. La muestra final (n=318) contó con mayor participación de ecuatorianos, mujeres, mayores de 45 años y con personas mayor nivel de estudios. Rumanos y marroquíes presentan mayor desempleo (45,1%, 40,0%). El 71,1% no cambió de sector de actividad y el 63,2% mejoró su situación legal. Conclusiones: La tasa de respuesta fue similar a la obtenida en otros estudios de estas características. El re-contacto fue más difícil en algunos grupos determinados por país de origen, edad, nivel de estudios y situación legal, para los que habría que buscar vías alternativas para su seguimiento.

Social and immigration factors in intimate partner violence among Ecuadorians, Moroccans and Romanians living in Spain

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women occurs in all countries, all cultures and at every level of society; however, some populations may be at greater risk than others. The aim of this study was to explore IPV prevalence among Ecuadorian, Moroccan and Romanian immigrant women living in Spain and its possible association with their personal, family, social support and immigration status characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 1607 adult immigrant women residing in Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia (2011). Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated, with current IPV being the outcome. Different women’s personal (demographic), family, social support and immigration status characteristics were considered as explicative and control variables. All analyses were separated by women’s country of origin. Results: Current IPV prevalence was 15.57% in Ecuadorians, 10.91% in Moroccans and 8.58% in Romanians. Some common IPV factors were found, such as being separated and/or divorced. In Romanians, IPV was also associated with lack of social support [AOR 5.96 (1.39–25.62)] and low religious involvement [AOR 2.17 (1.06–4.43)]. The likelihood of current IPV was lower among women without children or other dependants in this subgroup [AOR 0.29 (0.093–0.92)]. Conclusion: The IPV prevalence rates obtained for Moroccan, Romanian and Ecuadorian women residing in Spain were similar. Whereas the likelihood of IPV appeared to be relatively evenly distributed among Moroccan and Ecuadorian women, it was higher among Romanian women in socially vulnerable situations related to family responsibilities and the lack of support networks. The importance of intervention in the process of separation and divorce was common to all women.

Sexual health and socioeconomic-related factors in Spain

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to describe sexual health in Spain according to three important indicators of the World Health Organization definition and explore the influence of socioeconomic factors. Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study of sexually active people aged 16-44 years residing in Spain in 2009 (2365 women and 2532 men). Three main aspects of sexual health were explored: sexual satisfaction, safe sex, and sexual abuse. The independent variables explored were age, age at first intercourse, reason for first intercourse, type of partner, level of education, country of origin, religiousness, parity, and social class. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted. Results: Both men and women were quite satisfied with their sexual life, their first sexual intercourse, and their sexual relationships during the previous year. Most participants had practiced safe sex both at first intercourse and during the previous year. Levels of sexual abuse were similar to those in other developed countries. People of disadvantaged socioeconomic position have less satisfying, more unsafe, and more abusive sexual relationships. Women experienced more sexual abuse and had less satisfaction at their first intercourse. Conclusions: The state of sexual health in Spain is relatively good. However, we observed inequalities according to gender and socioeconomic position.

Características generales de los artículos originales incluidos en las revisiones bibliográficas sobre salud e inmigración en España

Fundamentos: La realidad socio-demográfica configurada en España a partir de la incorporación de la población inmigrante requiere analizar las necesidades y prioridades generadas por esta situación en todos los ámbitos, incluido el de la investigación en salud. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las características generales de los artículos incluidos en una revisión bibliográfica sobre este tema y realizada en el marco del Subprograma de Salud e Inmigración del CIBERESP. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de los artículos originales publicados en español o inglés en el periodo 1998-2012. Se seleccionaron artículos realizados en España y que cumplieran la definición de inmigrante de la Organización Internacional de Migraciones. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en Medline y MEDES. Se analizó la distribución temporal de la producción y las características generales de los artículos mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: En la búsqueda inicial se identificaron 2.625 artículos (2.434 Medline y 191 Medes-MEDicina), finalmente se incluyeron los 311 que cumplían criterios de inclusión. La mayoría eran estudios epidemiológicos de diseño transversal realizados con datos primarios. En el 69% se comparó a la población inmigrante con la autóctona. En 217, (70%) la temática principal fue la relacionada con enfermedades transmisibles. En 256 (82%) el periodo producción fue entre 2004 y 2011. En 220 (71%) el país de origen fue la forma más común de clasificación de la población inmigrante. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades transmisibles fueron el principal objeto de investigación de los estudios desarrollados en España sobre salud de la población inmigrante. La mayoría de estudios incluyen a la población autóctona como grupo de comparación.

Self-rated health and hospital services use in the Spanish National Health System: a longitudinal study

Background: Self-rated health is a subjective measure that has been related to indicators such as mortality, morbidity, functional capacity, and the use of health services. In Spain, there are few longitudinal studies associating self-rated health with hospital services use. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between self-rated health and socioeconomic, demographic, and health variables, and the use of hospital services among the general population in the Region of Valencia, Spain. Methods: Longitudinal study of 5,275 adults who were included in the 2005 Region of Valencia Health Survey and linked to the Minimum Hospital Data Set between 2006 and 2009. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios between use of hospital services and self-rated health, sex, age, educational level, employment status, income, country of birth, chronic conditions, disability and previous use of hospital services. Results: By the end of a 4-year follow-up period, 1,184 participants (22.4 %) had used hospital services. Use of hospital services was associated with poor self-rated health among both men and women. In men, it was also associated with unemployment, low income, and the presence of a chronic disease. In women, it was associated with low educational level, the presence of a disability, previous hospital services use, and the presence of chronic disease. Interactions were detected between self-rated health and chronic disease in men and between self-rated health and educational level in women. Conclusions: Self-rated health acts as a predictor of hospital services use. Various health and socioeconomic variables provide additional predictive capacity. Interactions were detected between self-rated health and other variables that may reflect different complex predictive models, by gender.

Trends and Disparities in Mortality Among Spanish-Born and Foreign-Born Populations Residing in Spain, 1999–2008

Spain’s immigrant population has increased 380 % in the last decade, accounting for 13.1 % of the total population. This fact has led her to become during 2009 the eighth recipient country of international immigrants in the world. The aim of this article is to describe the evolution of mortality and the main causes of death among the Spanish-born and foreign-born populations residing in Spain between 1999 and 2008. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASRs), average age and comparative mortality ratios among foreign-born and Spanish-born populations residing in Spain were computed for every year and sub-period by sex, cause of death and place of birth as well as by the ASR percentage change. During 1999–2008 the ASR showed a progressive decrease in the risk of death in the Spanish-born population (−17.8 % for men and −16.6 % for women) as well as in the foreign-born one (−45.9 % for men and −35.7 % for women). ASR also showed a progressive decrease for practically all the causes of death, in both populations. It has been observed that the risk of death due to neoplasms and respiratory diseases among immigrants is lower than that of their Spanish-born counterparts, but risk due to external causes is higher. Places of birth with the greater decreases are Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Southern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The research shows the differences in the reduction of death risk between Spanish-born and immigrant inhabitants between 1999 and 2008. These results could contribute to the ability of central and local governments to create effective health policy. Further research is necessary to examine changes in mortality trends among immigrant populations as a consequence of the economic crisis and the reforms in the Spanish health system. Spanish data sources should incorporate into their records information that enables them to find out the immigrant duration of permanence and the possible impact of this on mortality indicators.

Cyberbullying : a violência virtu@l conectada ao mundo real dos estudantes em contextos universitários do Brasil e Portugal

Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia (Psicologia da Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, 2016

Asset-backed securities: The key to unlocking Europe's credit markets? Bruegel Policy Contribution 2014/07, 24 July 2014

The European market for asset-backed securities (ABS) has all but closed for business since the start of the economic and financial crisis. ABS (see Box 1) were in fact the first financial assets hit at the onset of the crisis in 2008. The subprime mortgage meltdown caused a deterioration in the quality of collateral in the ABS market in the United States, which in turn dried up overall liquidity because ABS AAA notes were popular collateral for inter-bank lending. The lack of demand for these products, together with the Great Recession in 2009, had a considerable negative impact on the European ABS market. The post-crisis regulatory environment has further undermined the market. The practice of slicing and dicing of loans into ABS packages was blamed for starting and spreading the crisis through the global financial system. Regulation in the post-crisis context has thus been relatively unfavourable to these types of instruments, with heightened capital requirements now necessary for the issuance of new ABS products. And yet policymakers have recently underlined the need to revitalise the ABS market as a tool to improve credit market conditions in the euro area and to enhance transmission of monetary policy. In particular, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England have jointly emphasised that: “a market for prudently designed ABS has the potential to improve the efficiency of resource allocation in the economy and to allow for better risk sharing... by transforming relatively illiquid assets into more liquid securities. These can then be sold to investors thereby allowing originators to obtain funding and, potentially, transfer part of the underlying risk, while investors in such securities can diversify their portfolios... . This can lead to lower costs of capital, higher economic growth and a broader distribution of risk” (ECB and Bank of England, 2014a). In addition, consideration has started to be given to the extent to which ABS products could become the target of explicit monetary policy operations, a line of action proposed by Claeys et al (2014). The ECB has officially announced the start of preparatory work related to possible outright purchases of selected ABS1. In this paper we discuss how a revamped market for corporate loans securitised via ABS products, and how use of ABS as a monetary policy instrument, can indeed play a role in revitalising Europe’s credit market. However, before using this instrument a number of issues should be addressed: First, the European ABS market has significantly contracted since the crisis. Hence it needs to be revamped through appropriate regulation if securitisation is to play a role in improving the efficiency of resource allocation in the economy. Second, even assuming that this market can expand again, the European ABS market is heterogeneous: lending criteria are different in different countries and banking institutions and the rating methodologies to assess the quality of the borrowers have to take these differences into account. One further element of differentiation is default law, which is specific to national jurisdictions in the euro area. Therefore, the pool of loans will not only be different in terms of the macro risks related to each country of origination (which is a ‘positive’ idiosyncratic risk, because it enables a portfolio manager to differentiate), but also in terms of the normative side, in case of default. The latter introduces uncertainties and inefficiencies in the ABS market that could create arbitrage opportunities. It is also unclear to what extent a direct purchase of these securities by the ECB might have an impact on the credit market. This will depend on, for example, the type of securities targeted in terms of the underlying assets that would be considered as eligible for inclusion (such as loans to small and medium-sized companies, car loans, leases, residential and commercial mortgages). The timing of a possible move by the ECB is also an issue; immediate action would take place in the context of relatively limited market volumes, while if the ECB waits, it might have access to a larger market, provided steps are taken in the next few months to revamp the market. We start by discussing the first of these issues – the size of the EU ABS market. We estimate how much this market could be worth if some specific measures are implemented. We then discuss the different options available to the ECB should they decide to intervene in the EU ABS market. We include a preliminary list of regulatory steps that could be taken to homogenise asset-backed securities in the euro area. We conclude with our recommended course of action.

Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt /

Added t.-p., engraved: Issued in 40 parts.

Voyage aux sources du Nil, en Nubie et en Abyssynie, pendant les années 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771 /

El tomo 14 es: Quatre voyages dans le pays des Hottentots et la Cafrerie, en 1777, 1778 & 1779 / par... William Paterson. Es la traducción de la obra cuya primera edición es : A narrative of four journeys into the country of the Hottents and Caffraria / by William Paterson. - London : printed for J. Johnson, 1789.

Essays in fresco /

A note on Buon fresco.--Jaufre Rudel.--Conradin,--The Lady of Asolo.--A triad of captivities: Richard Coeur de Lion. Enzo. James the First of Scotland.--Memories of the road: Notre-Dame de Sous-Terre (Chartres). Magagnosc ((Alpes-Maritimes.). Campo Santo Pisa). The country of the Bambino.--The pardon of the sea.

Histoire de la seigneurie de Lauzon,

The ancient "seigneurie de Lauzon" comprised the present country of Levis and part of Dorchester.

Proceedings /

Issues for 1952- include the proceedings of the 8th- General Assembly of the International Geographical Union.

Aquitaine; a traveller's tales,

Compiled partly from well-ascertained facts of history and partly from the traditions, legends, songs and romances of the country of Aquitaine.