Entre la universidad, la empresa y el estado : Trayectorias personales, saberes y prácticas en la génesis del diseño industrial y de la comunicación visual en la Argentina. Décadas 1950 y 1960

El trabajo se propone analizar diferentes relaciones entre la universidad, la empresa privada y el Estado al momento del surgimiento del diseño industrial y de la comunicación visual, inscriptas bajo el ala del diseño como disciplina institucionalizada. Para tal fin haremos hincapié en las trayectorias de individuos y grupos que promovieron los nuevos espacios como cátedras, carreras, institutos, y departamentos en las universidades, departamentos y agencias en las empresas, e impulsaron la investigación y la formación especializada en una agencia estatal. A este respecto nos planteamos la reconstrucción y análisis de las posiciones y los tramas de relaciones sociales entre los actores, los liderazgos e ideas que confluyeron en ese marco institucionalizador. A fines de la década del ´50 se abrieron espacios en instituciones estatales ?universidades nacionales y agencias del Estado- desde los que se promovió la formación e investigación en diseño industrial y comunicación visual. Al mismo tiempo, en medio del proceso de industrialización que demandaba nuevos especialistas, las empresas privadas abrieron secciones específicas dedicadas a proyectar diseños integrales para sus productos. Para entender los sistemas de valores sobre los que se originaron estos espacios indagaremos en los documentos, artículos, libros y bienes materiales ?entre otros- que los propios actores pusieron en circulación en ese tiempo y lugar. Haremos foco en las categorías de análisis y en las definiciones por ellos dictadas en ese momento sobre el diseño. El impulso a esta nueva disciplina se abordará desde la complejidad de las trayectorias de estos agentes entendiendo la pluralidad de intereses, afinidades y razones dadas en los ámbitos público y privado. Desde esta perspectiva intentaremos dar cuenta de las historias de los individuos involucrados y de los grupos que integraron esos espacios, y su injerencia en la creación de una agencia estatal. Así podremos constatar los factores que determinaron las políticas de cambio, las prácticas y los métodos de estudio propuestos en la universidad, la empresa privada y el Estado

La orientación vocacional - ocupacional en sujetos con necesidades educativas especiales derivadas de la discapacidad visual en la etapa de transición escuela secundaria - Educación superior

Este trabajo está dirigido a indagar los factores asociados a las elecciones que realizan los sujetos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales derivadas de la Discapacidad Visual en la etapa de transición entre la escolaridad secundaria y las posibilidades de proseguir estudios superiores. Para este fin, se ha tomado en consideración que la Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional y la transición hacia la vida adulta adquieren características específicas en el caso de jóvenes que presentan Discapacidad Visual, particularmente en relación con la preparación para la continuación de estudios superiores. El interés de este trabajo reside en poder esclarecer la existencia de factores que facilitan u obstaculizan ese tránsito, a partir de la observación de sujetos disminuidos visuales y ciegos que finalizan sus estudios secundarios. Se trata de un tema que ha ocasionado interés y preocupación acerca de las estrategias a seguir para garantizar un ingreso y permanencia exitosos en los estudios superiores elegidos. Sin embargo, si se desconocen o más bien se carece de evidencia acerca de los factores a los que obedece el fenómeno descripto, es difícil poder diseñar estrategias de intervención que resulten adecuadas. Con el fin de tomar conocimiento sobre las problemáticas específicas de los jóvenes que finalizan sus estudios secundarios y que presentan Discapacidad Visual, se eligió una escuela especial de referencia en la mencionada discapacidad y se seleccionaron en ella los alumnos que participaron de este proyecto

Entre la universidad, la empresa y el estado : Trayectorias personales, saberes y prácticas en la génesis del diseño industrial y de la comunicación visual en la Argentina. Décadas 1950 y 1960

El trabajo se propone analizar diferentes relaciones entre la universidad, la empresa privada y el Estado al momento del surgimiento del diseño industrial y de la comunicación visual, inscriptas bajo el ala del diseño como disciplina institucionalizada. Para tal fin haremos hincapié en las trayectorias de individuos y grupos que promovieron los nuevos espacios como cátedras, carreras, institutos, y departamentos en las universidades, departamentos y agencias en las empresas, e impulsaron la investigación y la formación especializada en una agencia estatal. A este respecto nos planteamos la reconstrucción y análisis de las posiciones y los tramas de relaciones sociales entre los actores, los liderazgos e ideas que confluyeron en ese marco institucionalizador. A fines de la década del ´50 se abrieron espacios en instituciones estatales ?universidades nacionales y agencias del Estado- desde los que se promovió la formación e investigación en diseño industrial y comunicación visual. Al mismo tiempo, en medio del proceso de industrialización que demandaba nuevos especialistas, las empresas privadas abrieron secciones específicas dedicadas a proyectar diseños integrales para sus productos. Para entender los sistemas de valores sobre los que se originaron estos espacios indagaremos en los documentos, artículos, libros y bienes materiales ?entre otros- que los propios actores pusieron en circulación en ese tiempo y lugar. Haremos foco en las categorías de análisis y en las definiciones por ellos dictadas en ese momento sobre el diseño. El impulso a esta nueva disciplina se abordará desde la complejidad de las trayectorias de estos agentes entendiendo la pluralidad de intereses, afinidades y razones dadas en los ámbitos público y privado. Desde esta perspectiva intentaremos dar cuenta de las historias de los individuos involucrados y de los grupos que integraron esos espacios, y su injerencia en la creación de una agencia estatal. Así podremos constatar los factores que determinaron las políticas de cambio, las prácticas y los métodos de estudio propuestos en la universidad, la empresa privada y el Estado

La orientación vocacional - ocupacional en sujetos con necesidades educativas especiales derivadas de la discapacidad visual en la etapa de transición escuela secundaria - Educación superior

Este trabajo está dirigido a indagar los factores asociados a las elecciones que realizan los sujetos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales derivadas de la Discapacidad Visual en la etapa de transición entre la escolaridad secundaria y las posibilidades de proseguir estudios superiores. Para este fin, se ha tomado en consideración que la Orientación Vocacional Ocupacional y la transición hacia la vida adulta adquieren características específicas en el caso de jóvenes que presentan Discapacidad Visual, particularmente en relación con la preparación para la continuación de estudios superiores. El interés de este trabajo reside en poder esclarecer la existencia de factores que facilitan u obstaculizan ese tránsito, a partir de la observación de sujetos disminuidos visuales y ciegos que finalizan sus estudios secundarios. Se trata de un tema que ha ocasionado interés y preocupación acerca de las estrategias a seguir para garantizar un ingreso y permanencia exitosos en los estudios superiores elegidos. Sin embargo, si se desconocen o más bien se carece de evidencia acerca de los factores a los que obedece el fenómeno descripto, es difícil poder diseñar estrategias de intervención que resulten adecuadas. Con el fin de tomar conocimiento sobre las problemáticas específicas de los jóvenes que finalizan sus estudios secundarios y que presentan Discapacidad Visual, se eligió una escuela especial de referencia en la mencionada discapacidad y se seleccionaron en ella los alumnos que participaron de este proyecto

Acoustic records of the underwater soundscape at PALAOA with links to audio stream files, 2005-2011

Scientific background: Marine mammals use sound for communication, navigation and prey detection. Acoustic sensors therefore allow the detection of marine mammals, even during polar winter months, when restricted visibility prohibits visual sightings. The animals are surrounded by a permanent natural soundscape, which, in polar waters, is mainly dominated by the movement of ice. In addition to the detection of marine mammals, acoustic long-term recordings provide information on intensity and temporal variability of characteristic natural and anthropogenic background sounds, as well as their influence on the vocalization of marine mammals Scientific objectives: The PerenniAL Acoustic Observatory in the Antarctic Ocean (PALAOA, Hawaiian "whale") near Neumayer Station is intended to record the underwater soundscape in the vicinity of the shelf ice edge over the duration of several years. These long-term recordings will allow studying the acoustic repertoire of whales and seals continuously in an environment almost undisturbed by humans. The data will be analyzed to (1) register species specific vocalizations, (2) infer the approximate number of animals inside the measuring range, (3) calculate their movements relative to the observatory, and (4) examine possible effects of the sporadic shipping traffic on the acoustic and locomotive behaviour of marine mammals. The data, which are largely free of anthropogenic noise, provide also a base to set up passive acoustic mitigation systems used on research vessels. Noise-free bioacoustic data thereby represent the foundation for the development of automatic pattern recognition procedures in the presence of interfering sounds, e.g. propeller noise.

Real-Time Adaptive Multi-Classifier Multi-Resolution Visual Tracking Framework for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper presents a novel robust visual tracking framework, based on discriminative method, for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to track an arbitrary 2D/3D target at real-time frame rates, that is called the Adaptive Multi-Classifier Multi-Resolution (AMCMR) framework. In this framework, adaptive Multiple Classifiers (MC) are updated in the (k-1)th frame-based Multiple Resolutions (MR) structure with compressed positive and negative samples, and then applied them in the kth frame-based Multiple Resolutions (MR) structure to detect the current target. The sample importance has been integrated into this framework to improve the tracking stability and accuracy. The performance of this framework was evaluated with the Ground Truth (GT) in different types of public image databases and real flight-based aerial image datasets firstly, then the framework has been applied in the UAV to inspect the Offshore Floating Platform (OFP). The evaluation and application results show that this framework is more robust, efficient and accurate against the existing state-of-art trackers, overcoming the problems generated by the challenging situations such as obvious appearance change, variant illumination, partial/full target occlusion, blur motion, rapid pose variation and onboard mechanical vibration, among others. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to present this framework for solving the online learning and tracking freewill 2D/3D target problems, and applied it in the UAVs.

Caracterização do perfil audiológico de escolares de escola pública do município de Bauru/SP

Muitos dos problemas auditivos não são notados por pais e professores. Este fato prejudica a aprendizagem da criança principalmente no ambiente escolar. Por isso, programas de triagem auditiva podem ser utilizados com o intuito de detectar e, posteriormente, diagnosticar escolares a fim de que se possa prevenir ou minimizar o impacto a que possíveis sequelas auditivas venham prejudicar o rendimento escolar da criança. Hoje em dia podemos contar com programas que permitem o melhor acompanhamento de populações que necessitam de cuidados preventivos e curativos, e a audição é um aspecto muito importante que pode ser avaliado quando estes programas são colocados em prática. O Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde (Pró-Saúde), que visou reorientar a formação profissional, teve como objetivo integrar ensino-serviço e promover atenção básica por meio da abordagem integral do processo saúde-doença. Ambientes externos podem ser utilizados por alunos e professores universitários para que possam colocadas em prática ações que possibilitem a humanização das práticas de atenção a saúde e a integralidade das mesmas, por meio da articulação de ações e serviços de saúde, preventivos e curativos, individuais e coletivos. A escola é considerada um dos ambientes que este trabalho pode ser realizado. O Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) abre o ambiente escolar com a finalidade de contribuir para a formação integral dos estudantes da rede pública de educação básica por meio de ações de prevenção, promoção e atenção à saúde. Sendo um estudo do tipo retrospectivo transversal, como objetivo principal caracterizar o perfil audiológico de escolares de escola pública do município de Bauru SP, contando com a integração de profissionais da área da saúde e educação no ambiente escolar, o que teve como base os programas citados acima. A triagem auditiva foi realizada com a aplicação dos seguintes procedimentos: imitanciometria, inspeção visual do meato acústico externo, emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção e audiometria tonal liminar. Observou-se que do total de 652 estudantes, a grande maioria (97,1%) dos participantes com faixa etária entre 10 e 18 anos, apresentaram audição normal. Em 2,9% desta população foi encontrada alguma alteração auditiva temporária. Com a exceção de um único participante, portador de perda auditiva sensorioneural. Apesar de encontrarmos muitas crianças e adolescentes com audição normal, o que mais ressalta a importância deste trabalho é a necessidade da triagem auditiva em ambientes escolares e, essencialmente, o acompanhamento das mesmas nesta faixa etária, já que são escassos os estudos referentes a ela. Apesar das poucas alterações auditivas encontradas serem passageiras, são exatamente estas que interferem no bom rendimento escolar e outros fatores.

On Becoming a Working Visual Artist: Opportunities and Challenges Along the Path

Thousands of students graduate from colleges and art schools every year with the goal of becoming working visual artists. The majority of them, however, find that earning a living as a working artist is a tough and competitive career path. This Capstone Project, through an extensive literature review and interviews, examines the factors and characteristics that influence whether an individual will make the leap to becoming a working visual artist. Research results indicate that primary factors in achieving the status of working visual artists include specific personality traits, experiential and career-oriented arts education, and development of strong business skills.

Evaluation of online tools as didactic resource in the university education

Recently, many efforts have been made in the academic world to adapt the new degrees to the new European Higher Education Area (EHEA). New technologies have been the most important factor to carry out this adaptation. In particular, the tools 2.0 have been spreading quickly, not just the Web 2.0, but even in all the educational levels. Nevertheless, it is now necessary to evaluate whether all these efforts and all the changes, carried out in order to obtain improved academic performance among students, have provided good results. Therefore, the aim of this paper is focused on studying the impact of the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a subject belonging to a Master from the University of Alicante in the academic year (2010-2011). In special, it is an elective course called "Advanced Visual Ergonomics" from the Master of Clinical Optometry and Vision. The methodology used to teach this course differs from the traditional one in many respects. For example, one of the resources used for the development of this course is a blog developed specifically to coordinate a series of virtual works, whose purpose is that the student goes into specific aspects of the current topic. Next, the student participates in an active role by writing a personal assessment on the blog. However, in the course planning, there is an attendance to lessons, where the teacher presents certain issues in a more traditional way, that is, with a lecture supported with audiovisual materials, such as materials generated in powerpoint. To evaluate the quality of the results achieved with this methodology, in this work the personal assessment of the students, who have completed this course during this academic year, are collected. In particular, we want to know their opinion about the used resources, as well as the followed methodology. The tool used to collect this information was a questionnaire. This questionnaire evaluates different aspects of the course: a general opinion, quality of the received information, satisfaction about the followed methodology and the student´s critical awareness. The design of this questionnaire is very important to get conclusive information about the methodology followed in the course. The questionnaire has to have an adequate number of questions; whether it has many questions, it might be boring for the student who would pay no enough attention. The questions should be well-written, with a clear structure and message, to avoid confusion and an ambiguity. The questions should be objectives, without any suggestion for a desired answer. In addition, the questionnaire should be interesting to encourage the student´ s interest. In conclusion, this questionnaire developed for this subject provided good information to evaluate whether the methodology was a useful tool to teach "Advanced Visual Ergonomics". Furthermore, the student´s opinion collected by this questionnaire might be very helpful to improve this didactic resource.

Event-based visual servoing

Traditional visual servoing systems have been widely studied in the last years. These systems control the position of the camera attached to the robot end-effector guiding it from any position to the desired one. These controllers can be improved by using the event-based control paradigm. The system proposed in this paper is based on the idea of activating the visual controller only when something significant has occurred in the system (e.g. when any visual feature can be loosen because it is going outside the frame). Different event triggers have been defined in the image space in order to activate or deactivate the visual controller. The tests implemented to validate the proposal have proved that this new scheme avoids visual features to go out of the image whereas the system complexity is reduced considerably. Events can be used in the future to change different parameters of the visual servoing systems.

Event-based visual servoing with features’ prediction

Event-based visual servoing is a recently presented approach that performs the positioning of a robot using visual information only when it is required. From the basis of the classical image-based visual servoing control law, the scheme proposed in this paper can reduce the processing time at each loop iteration in some specific conditions. The proposed control method enters in action when an event deactivates the classical image-based controller (i.e. when there is no image available to perform the tracking of the visual features). A virtual camera is then moved through a straight line path towards the desired position. The virtual path used to guide the robot improves the behavior of the previous event-based visual servoing proposal.

Reducing visual deficits caused by refractive errors in school and preschool children: results of a pilot school program in the Andean region of Apurimac, Peru

Background: Refractive error is defined as the inability of the eye to bring parallel rays of light into focus on the retina, resulting in nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (Hyperopia) or astigmatism. Uncorrected refractive error in children is associated with increased morbidity and reduced educational opportunities. Vision screening (VS) is a method for identifying children with visual impairment or eye conditions likely to lead to visual impairment. Objective: To analyze the utility of vision screening conducted by teachers and to contribute to a better estimation of the prevalence of childhood refractive errors in Apurimac, Peru. Design: A pilot vision screening program in preschool (Group I) and elementary school children (Group II) was conducted with the participation of 26 trained teachers. Children whose visual acuity was<6/9 [20/30] (Group I) and≤6/9 (Group II) in one or both eyes, measured with the Snellen Tumbling E chart at 6 m, were referred for a comprehensive eye exam. Specificity and positive predictive value to detect refractive error were calculated against clinical examination. Program assessment with participants was conducted to evaluate outcomes and procedures. Results: A total sample of 364 children aged 3–11 were screened; 45 children were examined at Centro Oftalmológico Monseñor Enrique Pelach (COMEP) Eye Hospital. Prevalence of refractive error was 6.2% (Group I) and 6.9% (Group II); specificity of teacher vision screening was 95.8% and 93.0%, while positive predictive value was 59.1% and 47.8% for each group, respectively. Aspects highlighted to improve the program included extending training, increasing parental involvement, and helping referred children to attend the hospital. Conclusion: Prevalence of refractive error in children is significant in the region. Vision screening performed by trained teachers is a valid intervention for early detection of refractive error, including screening of preschool children. Program sustainability and improvements in education and quality of life resulting from childhood vision screening require further research.

Inclusion of immersive virtual learning environments and visual control systems to support the learning of students with Asperger syndrome

This paper presents the use of immersive virtual reality systems in the educational intervention with Asperger students. The starting points of this study are features of these students' cognitive style that requires an explicit teaching style supported by visual aids and highly structured environments. The proposed immersive virtual reality system, not only to assess the student's behavior and progress, but also is able to adapt itself to the student's specific needs. Additionally, the immersive reality system is equipped with sensors that can determine certain behaviors of the students. This paper determines the possible inclusion of immersive virtual reality as a support tool and learning strategy in these particular students' intervention. With this objective two task protocols have been defined with which the behavior and interaction situations performed by participant students are recorded. The conclusions from this study talks in favor of the inclusion of these virtual immersive environments as a support tool in the educational intervention of Asperger syndrome students as their social competences and executive functions have improved.

Beef cattle publications and visual materials /

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Sheep publications and visual materials /

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