Lack of evidence for regulation of cardiac P-type ATPases and MAP kinases in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of constitutively active α1B-adrenoceptors

The regulatory function of α1B-adrenoceptors in mammalian heart homeostasis is controversial. The objective of the present study was to characterize the expression/activity of key proteins implicated in cardiac calcium handling (Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPases) and growth (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) in mice with cardiac-selective overexpression of constitutively active mutant α1B-adrenoceptor (CAMα1B-AR), which present a mild cardiac hypertrophy phenotype. Immunoblot assays showed that myocardial plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) expression was increased by 30% in CAMα1B-AR mice (N = 6, P < 0.05), although there was no change in sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) expression. Moreover, total Ca2+-ATPase activity was not modified, but a significant increase in the activity of the thapsigargin-resistant (PMCA) to thapsigargin-sensitive (SERCA) ratio was detected. Neither Na+/K+-ATPase activity nor the expression of α1 and α2 subunit isoforms was changed in CAMα1B-AR mouse hearts. Moreover, immunoblot assays did not provide evidence for an enhanced activation of the three mitogen-activated protein kinases studied in this stage of hypertrophy. Therefore, these findings indicate that chronic cardiac α1B-AR activation in vivo led to mild hypertrophy devoid of significant signs of adaptive modifications concerning primary intracellular calcium control and growth-related proteins, suggesting a minor pathophysiological role of this adrenergic receptor in mouse heart at this stage of development.

Protein turnover, amino acid requirements and recommendations for athletes and active populations

Skeletal muscle is the major deposit of protein molecules. As for any cell or tissue, total muscle protein reflects a dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. Noninvasive and invasive techniques have been applied to determine amino acid catabolism and muscle protein building at rest, during exercise and during the recovery period after a single experiment or training sessions. Stable isotopic tracers (13C-lysine, 15N-glycine, ²H5-phenylalanine) and arteriovenous differences have been used in studies of skeletal muscle and collagen tissues under resting and exercise conditions. There are different fractional synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and tendon tissues, but there is no major difference between collagen and myofibrillar protein synthesis. Strenuous exercise provokes increased proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis, the opposite occurring during the recovery period. Individuals who exercise respond differently when resistance and endurance types of contractions are compared. Endurance exercise induces a greater oxidative capacity (enzymes) compared to resistance exercise, which induces fiber hypertrophy (myofibrils). Nitrogen balance (difference between protein intake and protein degradation) for athletes is usually balanced when the intake of protein reaches 1.2 g·kg-1·day-1 compared to 0.8 g·kg-1·day-1 in resting individuals. Muscular activities promote a cascade of signals leading to the stimulation of eukaryotic initiation of myofibrillar protein synthesis. As suggested in several publications, a bolus of 15-20 g protein (from skimmed milk or whey proteins) and carbohydrate (± 30 g maltodextrine) drinks is needed immediately after stopping exercise to stimulate muscle protein and tendon collagen turnover within 1 h.

Chemical, biochemical, and microbiological aspects of chitosan quaternary salt as active coating on sliced apples

The biocompatibility of chitosan and chitosan quaternary salt coatings was evaluated for use as edible coatings for sliced apple. Measurement of water loss, color change, and fungal growth appearance were monitored as a function of time. A significant brownish effect was observed on chitosan coated slices, varying greatly from L* = 76.5 and Hue angle = 95.9° (t = 0) to L* = 45.3 and Hue angle = 69.8° (t = 3 days), whilst for TMC coated samples the variation was considerable lower (L* = 74.1; Hue angle = 95.0°) to (L* = 67.0; Hue angle = 83.8°) within the same period. The hydrosoluble derivative N,N,N-trimethylchitosan demonstrated good antifungal activity against P. expansum although highly dependent on the polymer properties such as degree of quaternization. The most efficient formulation was that prepared from derivative having a degree of quaternization of 45%, high solubility, and high viscosity. This formulation restrained fungus spreading up to 30%, while for the control it reached almost 80% of the total assessed surfaces during 7 days of storage.

Active Magnetic Bearing System Identification Methods and Rotor Model Updating

Active magnetic bearing is a type of bearing which uses magnetic field to levitate the rotor. These bearings require continuous control of the currents in electromagnets and data from position of the rotor and the measured current from electromagnets. Because of this different identification methods can be implemented with no additional hardware. In this thesis the focus was to implement and test identification methods for active magnetic bearing system and to update the rotor model. Magnetic center calibration is a method used to locate the magnetic center of the rotor. Rotor model identification is an identification method used to identify the rotor model. Rotor model update is a method used to update the rotor model based on identification data. These methods were implemented and tested with a real machine where rotor was levitated with active magnetic bearings and the functionality of the methods was ensured. Methods were developed with further extension in mind and also with the possibility to apply them for different machines with ease.

Relay protection in active distribution networks

Increasingly growing share of distributed generation in the whole electrical power system’s generating system is currently a worldwide tendency, driven by several factors, encircling mainly difficulties in refinement of megalopolises’ distribution networks and its maintenance; widening environmental concerns adding to both energy efficiency approaches and installation of renewable sources based generation, inherently distributed; increased power quality and reliability needs; progress in IT field, making implementable harmonization of needs and interests of different-energy-type generators and consumers. At this stage, the volume, formed by system-interconnected distributed generation facilities, have reached the level of causing broad impact toward system operation under emergency and post-emergency conditions in several EU countries, thus previously implementable approach of their preliminary tripping in case of a fault, preventing generating equipment damage and disoperation of relay protection and automation, is not applicable any more. Adding to the preceding, withstand capability and transient electromechanical stability of generating technologies, interconnecting in proximity of load nodes, enhanced significantly since the moment Low Voltage Ride-Through regulations, followed by techniques, were introduced in Grid Codes. Both aspects leads to relay protection and auto-reclosing operation in presence of distributed generation generally connected after grid planning and construction phases. This paper proposes solutions to the emerging need to ensure correct operation of the equipment in question with least possible grid refinements, distinctively for every type of distributed generation technology achieved its technical maturity to date and network’s protection. New generating technologies are equivalented from the perspective of representation in calculation of initial steady-state short-circuit current used to dimension current-sensing relay protection, and widely adopted short-circuit calculation practices, as IEC 60909 and VDE 0102. The phenomenon of unintentional islanding, influencing auto-reclosing, is addressed, and protection schemes used to eliminate an sustained island are listed and characterized by reliability and implementation related factors, whereas also forming a crucial aspect of realization of the proposed protection operation relieving measures.

Liste des feux de la sénéchaussée de Beaucaire, remise par « Jehan Oniart » à « Jehan Chauchat », chargé de percevoir une somme de 800,000 francs, imposée, à la suite de « crimes, déliz, rebellions et désobeissances » commis dans ladite sénéchaussée (1383-1384).

Original.

Recueil de pièces, manuscrites et imprimées, concernant les crimes de lèse-majesté, et les procès politiques du règne de Louis XIII et des premières années du règne de Louis XIV ; papiers du chancelier Séguier. (1369-1654).

Contient : Table d'un recueil de « Licts de justice et séances des roys de France et autres assemblées solemneles, és cours de Parlement de Paris, Toulouse, Bordeaux et Roüen, depuis l'an 1369 jusques en l'an 1635... » [cf. le ms. français 18410] ; « La séance et le rang d'opiner observez aux jugemens contre les princes et les pairs de France accusez du crime de lèse-majesté », Lits de justice des années 1378-1616 ; Extraits d'ordonnances de François premier, 1515, et de Charles IX, 1566 ; Mémoires de Théodore GODEFROY, concernant le crime de lèse-majesté ; Crime de lèse-majesté en Angleterre, 1572, 1587 et 1601 ; Notes de monsieur DE PRIÉZAC, concernant la politique, orig ; Arrêts du Conseil du Roi et du Grand-Conseil, 1502-1513 ; Arrêts de condamnation à mort prononcés contre divers grands personnages, 1545-1551 ; Lettre d'Arnaud « Du Ferrier », ambassadeur à Venise, « touchant la sortie de France du marquis du Maine sans le consentement du Roy », juin 1572, orig ; Copie d'un acte de Louis XIII, 1627 ; Pièce concernant le procès du maréchal Louis de Marillac, 1633 ; Arrêts de la Chambre du Domaine, ordonnances et autres pièces, concernant divers dons du Roi et diverses confiscations, 1631-1633, in-8°, impr ; « Mémoire de monseigneur [le chancelier Séguier] pour l'affaire de monsieur [Bernard de Nogaret, duc] de La Vallette, pour le siège de Fontarabie », min ; Pièces concernant la détention du prince Casimir, frère de Vladislas VII, roi de Pologne, correspondance diplomatique entre la France et la Pologne à ce sujet, 1639 ; Pièces concernant Marie de Médicis et sa retraite hors de France, 1637 ; Pièces concernant le différend survenu entre le cardinal de Richelieu et Henri II d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, archevêque de Bordeaux, à l'occasion de propos injurieux tenus par ce dernier, dépositions orig., 1641 ; « Interrogatoire... touchant les correspondances et intelligences de l'archevesque de Bourdeaux [Henri II d'Escoubleau de Sourdis] avec monsieur Le Grand [le grand-écuyer Cinq-Mars], 1642 », orig ; Dossier concernant « les menées du sieur [Josué, comte] de Chavagnac, dans le Gévaudan et les Cévènes, contre le cardinal de Richelieu, en faveur du sieur Le Grand [le grand-écuyer Cinq-Mars], 1642 », orig ; Interrogatoires de divers complices de Cinq-Mars, arrêtés à Tarascon, 1642, orig ; Autres pièces concernant les troubles du Gévaudan et les menées du comte de Chavagnac, 1642 (f. 392), — notamment acte orig. de Louis XIII (f. 398) ; Lettre autogr. de Louis XIII au cardinal de Richelieu, « touchant la conspiration du duc de Bouillon [Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour] et du sieur de Cinq-Mars », 4 août 1642 ; « Relation de la disposition à la mort de monsieur [François-Auguste] de Thon, le 10e septembre 1642 » ; Pièces concernant César, duc de Vendôme, 1599 (f. 414), et 1617 (f. 416) ; « Minutte de lettre de monseigneur [le chancelier Séguier] à Son Éminence le cardinal de Richelieu, touchant les proceds des ducs de Guise, de Bouillon et monsieur le comte » [Henri II de Lorraine, duc de Guise, Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour, duc de Bouillon, et Louis de Bourbon, comte de Soissons] ; Minute d'un mémoire du chancelier Séguier, concernant l'arrestation de François de Vendôme, duc de Beaufort, 1643 ; Pièces concernant le procès de César, duc de Vendôme, minutes de mémoires, lettres et notes du chancelier Séguier, etc., 1641 ; Pièces concernant le procès de François de Vendôme, duc de Beaufort, minutes du chancelier Séguier, etc., 1643-1645 ; Dossier concernant les pillages et divers abus commis à Anet, à l'occasion de la capture de certaines gens du duc de Vendôme, 1641-1645, orig. et copies ; Dossier concernant le procès de Scipion « Rabastenq » ou « Rabastens », 1644-1647, orig. et copies, comprenant notamment son interrogatoire par François Bochart de Champigny, orig. (f. 490), — des copies de lettres à lui adressées (f. 504 et suiv.), — et des lettres orig. à lui adressées par « de Lazan Du Pain » (f. 508 et suiv.) ; « Accusations du chevalier de Lorraine pour une entreprise de tuer monsieur le cardinal Mazarin », 1645 ; Pièces concernant le procès de Pierre Chéron, qui avait « dit et proféré plusieurs parolles scandaleuses contre l'honneur de la Reine et contre monsieur le cardinal Mazarin », 1648, orig ; Pièces concernant la maison de Guise, principalement la confiscation du duché de Guise pour crime de lèse-majesté, la restitution dudit duché, et le différend survenu entre Henriette-Catherine de Joyeuse, duchesse de Guise, et Henri II de Lorraine, duc de Guise, prince de Joinville et comte d'Eu, son fils, 1641-1643, orig., minutes de la main du chancelier Séguier, et copies, actes royaux, etc ; Pièces concernant le comte de Brion, premier écuyer du duc d'Orléans, notamment minute de la main du chancelier Séguier, 1643 ; Pièces diverses, manuscrites et impr., concernant le marquis Charles de La Viéville, 1631-1643 ; Pièces concernant Mathieu Morgues, sieur de Saint-Germain, minute de la main du chancelier Séguier, et copies, 1643 ; Informations diverses et arrêts, 1643-1645, orig. et cop., notamment : « Information touchant quelques paroles outrageuses contre l'honneur du Roy, 1643 » ; Pièces concernant certains imprimeurs et certains libelles diffamatoires, 1643-1644, orig. et cop ; Pièces concernant divers prisonniers enfermés à la Bastille, lettres, etc., orig., min. et cop, 1645 ; « Interrogatoire faict par monseigneur le chancelier [Séguier] touchant le sieur de Sangeon, prisonnier pour une affaire concernant Mademoiselle », min. de la main du chancelier Séguier ; Extraits des Registres du Parlement, 1388-1616 ; Nombreuses pièces, manuscrites et impr., concernant les principaux personnages de la Fronde, les princes de Condé et de Conti, le duc de Longueville, le duc de Bouillon, les maréchaux de Brézé, de Turenne, etc., 1650-1654 ; « Touchant le retour des sieurs de Tavannes [Jacques de Saulx-Tavannes] et de Saint-Micault en l'obéissance du Roy », 1650 ; Pièces concernant le procès de Christophe Bertault, 1653 ; Pièces concernant le procès du sieur de Croissy, conseiller au Parlement, 1653, notamment : Inventaire de ses meubles (f. 709), — et minute d'un discours du chancelier Séguier (f. 711) ; Pièces diverses, manuscrites et impr., concernant le procès des sieurs de Fontrailles et de Matha, 1649-1650 ; Pièces diverses, manuscrites et impr., concernant le cardinal Mazarin, 1651-1654 (f. 728), — notamment mémoire de la main de monsieur de Priézac (f. 729) ; Pièces concernant le cardinal de Retz, 1654, placards double in-folio, impr