彩绒革盖菌固体发酵生产木质素酶工艺优化研究

采用均匀设计U15( 5 8)和双温度培养法进行彩绒革盖菌固体发酵生产木质素酶 ,对漆酶、愈创木酚酶、多酚氧化酶的活力进行回归分析。结果表明 :应用双温度培养法进行彩绒革盖菌固体发酵生产木质素酶时 ,在自然补给氧气 ,培养基pH自然 (约 6 5 ) ,并保持环境湿度约 60 %的条件下 ,2 0d是适宜的发酵周期 ;玉米浆、麸皮、 (NH4 ) 2 SO4 、水分适宜作为固体培养基的成分 ;少量的Tween 80有利于木质素酶的生产。

A study of shear viscosity of interfacial films containing alkyl metal phosphates

Experimental data are presented to show the influence of alkyl metal phosphates, Shengli resin fraction, and NaCl, on the shear viscosity of interfacial films and the stability of emulsions. It was found that the alkyl metal phosphates and the Shengli resin fraction could enhance the shear viscosity of interfacial films and the stability of emulsions. NaCl (0.01-0.03 mol L-1) could change the shear viscosity of interfacial films containing alkyl metal phosphates and the Shengli resin fraction. The shear viscosity of interfacial films containing ethyl iron phosphate and the Shengli resin fraction decreased with the increase of the concentration of NaCl. On the other hand, NaCl could decrease the stability of the emulsions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

长白山5种主要森林群落细根现存生物量研究

通过对长白山5种主要森林群落类型细根现存生物量的研究发现:不同森林群落细根生物量有较大差别.其中,阔叶红松林细根生物量最高,达到5.9677t/hm2,其次为云冷杉林(4.6305t/hm2)、岳桦林(4.3724t/hm2)、白桦林(4.0008t/hm2)、山杨林(2.8699t/hm2);不同森林群落死活细根的比率也不同,云冷杉林死细根含量所占比例最高,达40%以上,而其他群落类型相对较低,死细根所占比率都在20%以下;从不同土壤层次中细根所占的比例看,红松阔叶林在0～10cm土壤中细根含量占总根量的60%以下,其他则都在70%以上,其中白桦林最高,达到80%以上.

Heat capacity and enthalpy of fusion of pyrimethanil laurate (C24H37N3O2)

Low-temperature heat capacities of pyrimethanil laurate (C24H37N3O2) were precisely measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range between T = 78 K and T = 340 K. The sample was observed to melt at (321.52 +/- 0.04) K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion as well as the chemical purity of the compound were determined to be (67244 +/- 11) J (.) mol(-1), (209.28 +/- 0.02) J (.) mol(-1) (.) K-1, (0.9943 +/- 0.0004) mass fraction, respectively. The extrapolated melting temperature for the absolutely pure compound obtained from fractional melting experiments was (322.264 +/- 0.006) K. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

长白山北坡岳桦种群结构及动态分析

以“空间代时间”的方法 ,以种群径级结构代替年龄结构 ,采用静态生命表、生存分析和空间格局分析方法 ,探讨了长白山北坡不同海拔分布的岳桦种群的结构和动态规律。结果表明 ,在海拔 180 0、190 0和 2 0 0 0m ,随海拔升高 ,岳桦种群密度增大 ,径级分布范围减小 ,种群存活曲线由DeeveyⅡ型过渡到DeeveyⅠ型 ,种群由稳定型过渡为增长型 ,说明岳桦种群由低海拔向高海拔 ,群落处于不同的演替和发展阶段。而且随着岳桦径级的增大 ,其分布格局由集群分布过渡到随机分布。

长白山北坡植被垂直带群落交错区的定量判定

以海拔梯度上的群落重要值和二元数据为指标 ,采用游动分割窗技术辨析了长白山北坡各植被带群落交错区的位置和宽度 .结果表明 ,采用平方欧氏距离 (SED)和Bray Curtis距离函数 (PD)计算的游动分割窗的峰值和峰宽有较好的重合性 ,其中基于灌木和草本物种重要值的平方欧氏距离更能准确地反映交错带植被的变异 .依据游动分割窗的分析 ,判定阔叶红松林和暗针叶林的交错区为渐变类型 ,位于海拔 112 0m ,宽度为 2 0 0m ,暗针叶林和岳桦交错区为急变类型 ,位于海拔 1790m ,宽度为 5 0m ,林线为急变类型 ,位于海拔 2 0 0 0m ,宽度为 4 0m .

Structure and acidity of Mo/H-MCM-22 catalysts studied by NMR spectroscopy

A comprehensive study on physical and chemical properties of Mo/MCM-22 bifunctional catalysts has been made by using combined analytic and spectroscopic techniques, such as adsorption, elemental analysis, and Xe-129 and P-31 NMR of adsorbed trialkylphosphine oxide probe molecules. Samples prepared by the impregnation method with Mo loadings ranging from 2-10 wt.% have been examined and the results are compared with that obtained from samples prepared by mechanical mixing using MoO3 or Mo2C as agents. Sample calcination treatment is essential in achieving a well-dispersed metal species in Mo/MCM-22. It was found that, upon initial incorporation, the Mo species tend to inactivate both Bronsted and Lewis sites locate predominantly in the supercages rather than the 10-membered ring channels of MCM-22. However, as the Mo loading exceeds 6 wt.%, the excessive Mo species tend to migrate toward extracrystalline surfaces of the catalyst. A consistent decrease in concentrations of acid sites with increasing Mo loading < 6 wt.% was found, especially for those with higher acid strengths. Upon loading of Mo > 6 wt.%, further decreases in both Bronsted and Lewis acidities were observed. These results provide crucial supports for interpreting the peculiar behaviors previously observed during the conversion of methane to benzene over Mo/MCM-22 catalyst under non-oxidative conditions, in which an optimal performance was achieved with a Mo loading of 6 wt.%. The effects of Mo incorporation on porosity and acidity features of the catalyst are discussed. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Double proton transfer and one-electron oxidation behaviors in double H-bonded glycinamide-formamidine complex and comparison with biological base pair

The behaviors of double proton transfer (DPT) occurring in a representative glycinamide-formamidine complex have been investigated employing the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. Computational results suggest that the participation of a formamidine molecule favors the proceeding of the proton transfer (PT) for glycinamide compared with that without mediator-assisted case. The DPT process proceeds with a concerted mechanism rather than a stepwise one since no zwitterionic complexes have been located during the DPT process. The barrier heights are 14.4 and 3.9 kcal/mol for the forward and reverse directions, respectively. However, both of them have been reduced by 3.1 and 2.9 kcal/mol to 11.3 and 1.0 kcal/mol with further inclusion of zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) corrections, where the lower reverse barrier height implies that the reverse reaction should proceed easily at any temperature of biological importance. Additionally, the one-electron oxidation process for the double H-bonded glycinamide-formamidine complex has also been investigated. The oxidated product is characterized by a distonic radical cation due to the fact that one-electron oxidation takes place on glycinamide fragment and a proton has been transferred from glycinamide to formamidine fragment spontaneously. As a result, the vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials for the neutral double H-bonded complex have been determined to be about 8.46 and 7.73 eV, respectively, where both of them have been reduced by about 0.79 and 0.87 eV relative to those of isolated glycinamide due to the formation of the intermolecular H-bond with formamidine. Finally, the differences between model system and adenine-thymine base pair have been discussed briefly.

长白山典型林区森林资源利用适宜性分析

天然林保护不是简单的禁伐 .东北林区作为天然林保护的限伐林区 ,目前仍有一定数量的成过熟林采伐任务 ,如何科学合理地选择伐区非常重要 .鉴于传统森林资源采伐利用操作中存在顾此失彼的问题 ,现代科学的森林资源经营理论认为 ,森林资源利用要坚持可持续利用原则 ,并且要更多考虑森林资源的生态效益 .遥感 (RS)数据及地理信息系统 (GIS)技术 ,通过提供空间选择技术支撑 ,可以准确定位符合采伐标准的森林资源地理位置 ,并确定其面积、森林类型等信息 ,从而促进森林资源的科学合理利用 .本文综合考虑各方面要素 ,以长白山典型林区露水河林业局为例 ,以最大程度发挥森林生态系统的生态功能为原则 ,进行了森林资源利用状况评价 ,对研究区森林资源未来利用的空间选择以及采伐利用方式进行了探讨 ,以期为将来制订科学的森林经营策略提供依据 .

Liquid-phase hydrodechlorination of chlorinated benzenes over active carbon supported nickel catalysts under mild conditions

Liquid phase hydrodechlorination of chlorinated benzenes was studied over Ni/active carbon (Ni/AC), Ni/gamma-Al2O3, Ni/SiO2 and Raney Ni. The complete dechlorination of chlorobenzene (ClBz) was realized at 333-343 K on Ni/AC under hydrogen atmosphere of 1.0 MPa in the presence of alkaline hydroxide. Dichloro- and trichlorobenzenes were also hydrodechlorinated with 50-95% yields of benzene under the similar conditions, as above. The reaction follows zero-order to ClBz concentration and 1.9 order to hydrogen pressure. The reaction does not proceed in the absence of alkaline hydroxide, suggesting the complete coverage of active nickel surface with produced chlorine and the removal of the chlorine ion with hydroxide ion as a rate-limiting step. The active catalysts were characterized by H-2 chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The apparent activity strongly depends on the active area of nickel on catalyst surface. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

长白山阔叶红松林采伐迹地土壤养分含量动态研究

采用对比实验 ,对不同采伐年限的长白山阔叶红松林采伐迹地土壤养分含量变化进行了分析与研究 .结果表明 ,不同采伐年限的采伐迹地土壤养分含量差异很大 .林地土壤 pH值随着伐后时间的推移而出现一个先下降后上升的过程 ,表层土壤在伐后 5年的酸性最强 ,10～ 2 0cm层土壤在伐后 10年酸性最强 ;土壤有机质含量、全量养分含量和速效养分含量均在采伐初期 2～ 5年增加 ,随后又迅速减少 ,尤其是表层土壤变化更为明显 ;土壤阳离子交换量 (CEC)及交换性Ca、Mg也都表现出相同的变化趋势 .因此 ,森林采伐后应及时人工造林、更新进行植被恢复 ,可将养分固定而减少和防止土壤养分的流失 .

长白山阔叶红松林的零平面位移和粗糙度

根据长白山阔叶红松林气象观测塔上 16个月的风速、温度、湿度及气压的连续观测资料 ,根据中性层结条件下风速随高度的对数变化规律 ,利用廓线法中的牛顿迭代法计算了该森林的零平面位移d和粗糙度z0 ,结果表明 ,d和z0 均存在着较明显的季节变化 ,在生长季d较大 ,z0 较小 ,而非生长季恰好相反 ,标准化的零平面位移d/h和粗糙度z0 /h在生长季和非生长季平均分别为 0 86 7,0 76 4和 4 4 7× 10 -2 ,3 5 9× 10 -2 。与叶面积指数对比分析发现 ,d/h和z0 /h与叶面积指数分别存在正相关和负相关的关系。敏感性分析表明 ,牛顿迭代法求d和z0对风速的精度要求较高 ,需要精度高的仪器和长期的数据积累。

长白山阔叶红松林生长季热量平衡变化特征

根据长白山阔叶红松林 2 0 0 1年 5月下旬至 10月上旬微气象梯度观测资料和辐射、土壤热通量资料 ,用波文比 -能量平衡方法 (BREB方法 )计算了森林的显热通量和感热通量 ,并计算了森林大气和植被体的储热量 ,分析了阔叶红松林热量平衡各项的日变化和季节变化 ,结果发现 ,热量平衡 (净辐射 )与太阳总辐射呈线性关系 ;热量平衡各项都与净辐射有相同的日变化特征 ,为昼正夜负的曲线 .各项的绝对值一般表现为净辐射 >潜热通量 >感热通量 >储热变化 .受日照时间的影响 ,6～ 10月各分量正值的日持续时间逐渐缩短 .月平均结果 ,白天净辐射 6月份最大 ,10月上旬最小 ,变化于 0～ 5 2 7W·m-2 ,夜间的净辐射在 0～ - 12 1W·m-2 .潜热通量白天和夜间分别在 0～ 4 4 1、0～ - 81W·m-2 ,感热通量昼夜分别在 0～80、0～ - 2 6W·m-2 .储热变化则为 0～ 4 4、0～ - 2 6W·m-2 .白天潜热通量占净辐射的比例 8～ 10月逐渐下降 ,而感热通量和储热变化的比例 9～ 10月明显上升 ,特别在严霜后 2～ 3d ,出现潜热通量比例突减、感热通量比例突增的现象 .文中还对通量观测仪器、方法进行了简要分析 .