Deconvolução de perfis de poço

A maioria dos perfis de poço utilizados nas avaliações petrofísicas de reservatórios possuem uma resolução vertical na ordem de um metro. Isto cria um problema quando as espessuras típicas das camadas são inferiores a um metro, uma vez que não há correção das leituras. Os perfis de alta resolução vertical como da ferramenta de propagação eletromagnética (EPT, Schlumberger), o dipmeter (SHDT, Schlumberger) ou das ferramentas de varredura acústica ou elétrica possuem uma resolução vertical da ordem de centimetros, mas apresentam uma limitada aplicação para as avaliações petrofísicas. Nós apresentamos um método para a deconvolução de um perfil de baixa resolução vertical que utiliza informações de um perfil de alta resolução vertical para identificar uma nítida interface entre camadas que apresentam valores da propriedade petrofísica contrastante, mas localmente constante em ambos os lados. A partir desse intervalo de controle, nós determinamos a função resposta vertical da ferramenta sob as condições atuais do poço com base no teorema da convolução. Utilizamos várias interfaces de modo a obter valores mais representativos da resposta da ferramenta. O perfil de baixa resolução é então deconvoluido utilizando a transformada discreta de Fourier (FFT) sobre todo o intervalo de interesse. É importante destacar que a invasão do filtrado da lama e a presença do bolo de lama não produzem efeitos danosos sobre o método, que foi aplicado a perfis sintéticos e a dados de campo, onde a aplicação de filtros com um correto ajuste de profundidade, bem como a própria escolha do intervalo de controle, antes da deconvolução, são de extrema importância para o sucesso do método.

How a simple and stereotyped acoustic signal transmits individual information: the song of the White-browed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus

O Pula-pula-assobiador Basileuterus leucoblepharus, um pássaro comum da Mata Atlântica, emite um único e distintivo tipo de canto para defesa territorial. O reconhecimento individual ou entre vizinho e estranho pode ser mais difícil quando as aves compartilham cantos semelhantes. De fato, a análise dos cantos de diferentes indivíduos revelou ligeiras diferenças nos domínios temporal e das freqüências. Efetivamente, um exame cuidadoso dos sinais de 21 indivíduos diferentes por 5 métodos complementares de análise revelou que, primeiro, um ou dois espaços na série tonal ocorrem entre duas notas sucessivas em determinados momentos do canto e, segundo, ocupam posições em tempo e freqüência estereotipadas para cada indivíduo. Experiências de "play-back" confirmam esses dados. Através de experiências de propagação, mostramos que esta informação individual pode ser transmitida somente a curta distância ( < 100 m) na mata. Considerando o tamanho e a repartição dos territórios, este processo de comunicação mostra-se eficiente e bem adaptado.

Perceptual and acoustic parameters of vocal nodules in children

Vocal nodules constitute the major cause of dysphonia during childhood. Auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal analyses have been used to differentiate vocal nodules from normal voice in children.Purpose: To study the value of auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal analyses in assessments of children with nodules.Design: Diagnostic test study.Patients and interventions: A comparative study was carried out including 100 children with videolaryngoscopic diagnosis of vocal nodules (nodule group-NG); and 100 children without vocal symptoms and with normal videolaryngoscopic exams (control group-CG). The age range of both groups was between 4 and 11 years. All children underwent auditory-perceptual vocal analyses (GRBASI scale); maximum phonation time and s/z ratio were calculated, and acoustic vocal analysis (MDVP software) were carried out.Results: There was no difference in the values of maximum phonation time and s/z ratio between groups. Auditory-perceptual analysis indicated greater compromising of voice parameters for NG, compared to CG: G (79 versus 24), R (53 versus 3), B (67 versus 23) and S (35 versus 1). The values of acoustic parameters jitter, PPQ shimmer, APQ, NHR and SPI were higher for NG for CG. The parameter f0 did not differ between groups.Conclusion: Compromising of auditory-perceptual (G, R, B and S) and acoustic vocal parameters (jitter, PPQ shimmer, APQ, NHR and SPI) was greater for children with nodules than for those of the control group, which makes them important methods for assessing child dysphonia. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phenomenological Interpretation of Impedance/Capacitance Measurements on Organic Electronic Devices Under Illumination

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

SeP hole injection layer for devices based on organic materials

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tool Condition Monitoring of Single-Point Dresser Using Acoustic Emission and Neural Networks Models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Disorder induced interface states and their influence on the AI/Ge nanowires Schottky devices

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On the Acoustic Filtering of the Pipe and Sensor in a Buried Plastic Water Pipe and its Effect on Leak Detection: An Experimental Investigation

Acoustic techniques have been used for many years to find and locate leaks in buried water distribution systems. Hydrophones and accelerometers are typically used as sensors. Although geophones could be used as well, they are not generally used for leak detection. A simple acoustic model of the pipe and the sensors has been proposed previously by some of the authors of this paper, and their model was used to explain some of the features observed in measurements. However, simultaneous measurements of a leak using all three sensor-types in controlled conditions for plastic pipes has not been reported to-date and hence they have not yet been compared directly. This paper fills that gap in knowledge. A set of measurements was made on a bespoke buried plastic water distribution pipe test rig to validate the previously reported analytical model. There is qualitative agreement between the experimental results and the model predictions in terms of the differing filtering properties of the pipe-sensor systems. A quality measure for the data is also presented, which is the ratio of the bandwidth over which the analysis is carried out divided by the centre frequency of this bandwidth. Based on this metric, the accelerometer was found to be the best sensor to use for the test rig described in this paper. However, for a system in which the distance between the sensors is large or the attenuation factor of the system is high, then it would be advantageous to use hydrophones, even though they are invasive sensors.

Sprayed films of europium complexes toward light conversion devices

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Investigation of Bulk and DTMOS triple-gate devices under 60 MeV proton irradiation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Investigations on PVP/Y3BO6:Eu3+, a red Luminescent composite for lighting devices based on near UV-LEDs

This work deals with a red phosphor. Y3BO6:Eu3+, and its corresponding poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)/Y3BO6:Eu3+ luminescent composite film suitable for applications in the next generation of Hg-free lamps based on near ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs). Well crystallized samples of Y3BO6 powders with the Eu3+ content up to 20 mol% were prepared by the Pechini method. After structural, morphological and optical characterization, the best doping rate of Eu3+ in the matrix was determined to be 15 mol%. This optimal powder, which is highly friable, was easily ground into fine particles and homogeneously dispersed into a PVP polymer solution to give rise to a polymer phosphor composite. Structural and optical features of the composite film have been studied and compared to those of a pristine PVP film and Y3BO6:Eu3+ powder. All the characterization (XRD, SAXS, luminescence...) proved that the red phosphor particles are well incorporated into the polymer composite film which exhibited the characteristic red emission of Eu3+ under UV light excitation. Furthermore, photostability of the polymer/phosphor composite film under UV-LED irradiation was evaluated from exposure to accelerated artificial photoageing at wavelengths above 300 nm.

Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Load-application devices: a comparative strain gauge analysis

In view of the low loading values commonly employed in dentistry, a load-application device (LAD) was developed as option to the universal testing machine (UTM), using strain gauge analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a load-application device (LAD) and compare the LAD with the UTM apparatus under axial and non-axial loads. An external hexagonal implant was inserted into a polyurethane block and one EsthetiCone abutment was connected to the implant. A plastic prosthetic cylinder was screwed onto the abutment and a conical pattern crown was fabricated using acrylic resin. An impression was made and ten identical standard acrylic resin patterns were obtained from the crown impression, which were cast in nickel-chromium alloy (n=10). Four strain gauges were bonded diametrically around the implant. The specimens were subjected to central (C) and lateral (L) axial loads of 30 kgf, on both devices: G1: LAD/C; G2: LAD/L; G3: UTM/C; G4: UTM/L. The data (με) were statistically analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the UTM and LAD devices, regardless of the type of load. It was concluded that the LAD is a reliable alternative, which induces microstrains to implants similar to those obtained with the UTM.