Um Novo Factor de Risco para Endocardite Infecciosa

A implantação de piercings corporais tem sido uma prática cada vez mais comum nas últimas décadas, sobretudo entre os mais jovens. No entanto, não se trata de um procedimento inócuo, podendo apresentar complicações tão graves como a endocardite infecciosa, que pode surgir em indivíduos com ou sem cardiopatia de base. Neste artigo relatamos o caso de uma endocardite pós piercing numa jovem com pacemaker definitivo, tendo havido necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica. Fazemos igualmente uma revisão dos casos de endocardite pós piercing descritos na literatura. Agora que as recomendações da American Heart Association para a profilaxia de endocardite infecciosa estão mais restritas, discutimos a necessidade de inclusão dos piercings corporais nos procedimentos a merecerem terapêutica profiláctica nos indivíduos de alto risco.

Buildings Sustainability: The HVAC Contribution

A very important part of the globally produced energy is consumed in buildings, being an important share frequently used in the HVAC systems. These ones are increasing both in performance and in complexity, taking advantage from the use of the recent advances in mechanical and power electronic devices, particularly in the speed variation field. However the improved efficiency only occurs while the HVAC unit is working in the conditions specified by the manufacturer, otherwise the energy consumption raises to values considerably higher than the nominal ones. The adequate maintenance enforces the system to run on its nominal performance and the contrary has undesirable impact both in the performance and in the system expected life time. Therefore, HVAC field maintenance assumes a very important role in the global building sustainability concept. This work presents some results of an incorrect use of HVAC and the associated electric energy overconsumption that can assume values 50% higher than those that occur when the installation is operated according to the adequate maintenance plan.

Comparison of direct immunofluorescence, conventional cell culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants

A total of 316 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirate from infants up to two years of age with acute respiratory-tract illnesses were processed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using three different techniques: viral isolation, direct immunofluorescence, and PCR. Of the samples, 36 (11.4%) were positive for RSV, considering the three techniques. PCR was the most sensitive technique, providing positive findings in 35/316 (11.1%) of the samples, followed by direct immunofluorescence (25/316, 7.9%) and viral isolation (20/315, 6.3%) (p < 0.001). A sample was positive by immunofluorescence and negative by PCR, and 11 (31.4%) were positive only by RT-PCR. We conclude that RT-PCR is more sensitive than IF and viral isolation to detect RSV in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens in newborn and infants.

O tempo do silêncio - diálogo da ressurreição de Gil Vicente

Vamos tecer algumas considerações sobre o Diálogo da Ressureição de Gil Vicente. Esta peça, certamente a mais curta do autor (316 versos), prolonga o Breve Sumário da História de Deus (1044 versos); as duas em conjunto formam um ciclo completo da Paixão - "o Diálogo fecha este fresco", diz-nos Paul Teyssier2. ^ obra em estudo pertence ao gênero farsa enquanto a História de Deus retira as suas personagens e os seus temas do texto bíblico. Nenhuma peça religiosa de Gil Vicente está tão perto dos mistérios representados na mesma época na Europa, nomeadamente em França. A representação da Ressureição tem uma longa história. O mais antigo texto descrevendo uma Visitado sepulchri provém certamente da Regularis concórdia anglicae nationis monachomm sanctimonaliumque, redigida enfre 965 e 975, que explicita emprestar esta prática à abadia de Fleury.

Characterization of an antioxidant surfactant-free topical formulation containing Castanea sativa leaf extract

Context: Inclusion of antioxidants in topical formulations can contribute to minimize oxidative stress in the skin, which has been associated with photoaging, several dermatosis and cancer. Objective: A Castanea sativa leaf extract with established antioxidant activity was incorporated into a semisolid surfactant-free formulation. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive characterization of this formulation. Materials and methods: Physical, microbiological and functional stability were evaluated during 6 months storage at 20 °C and 40 °C. Microstructure elucidation (cryo-SEM), in vitro release and in vivo moisturizing effect (Corneometer® CM 825) were also assessed. Results and discussion: Minor changes were observed in the textural and rheological properties of the formulation when stored at 20 °C for 6 months and the antioxidant activity of the plant extract remained constant throughout the storage period. Microbiological quality was confirmed at the end of the study. Under accelerated conditions, higher modifications of the evaluated parameters were observed. Cryo-SEM analysis revealed the presence of oil droplets dispersed into a gelified external phase. The release rate of the antioxidant compounds (610 ± 70 µgh−0.5) followed Higuchi model. A significant in vivo moisturizing effect was demonstrated, that lasted at least 4 h after product’s application. Conclusion: The physical, functional and microbiological stability of the antioxidant formulation was established. Specific storage conditions should be recommended considering the influence of temperature on the stability. A skin hydration effect and good skin tolerance were also found which suggests that this preparation can be useful in the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress-mediated dysfunctions.

Estudo do Aborto Recorrente. Ainda há Lugar para a Histerossalpingografia?

Overview and Aims: The investigation of recurrent miscarriage includes the study of uterine morphology. 3D ultrasound allows the evaluation of the morphology (cavity and outer contour), reducing the need for invasive tests such as hystero - salpingography (HSG), hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. We evaluated the diagnostic agreement between HSG and 3D ultrasound in the study of the uterine cavity morphology. Study Design: Prospective study. Population: A total of 34 women referred to our institution with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Methods: To compare the results of 3D ultrasound and HSG, all women underwent both exams. 3D scans were performed by the same operator and HSG were evaluated by the same clinician. The concordance study was performed using the Kappa coefficient. Results: With 3D ultrasound and HSG, uterine anomalies were diagnosed in 52.9% (18/34) and 47% (16/34) of the cases and congenital malformations were the most frequent findings. The agreement between the two techniques was excellent(K = 0.825). The three cases of diagnostic disagreement were analyzed. Conclusion: A high level of diagnostic agreement was observed between HSG and 3D ultrasound. The 3D ultrasound, a low cost and well tolerated technique, when performed by an experienced operator, is the first line exam to study the uterine morphology in women with recurrent miscarriage.

Modelling HIV/AIDS length of stay in Portugal

Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Estatística e Gestão de Informação pelo Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de Informação da Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Prevalência de infecção chagásica em doadores de sangue do Hemocentro Regional de Iguatu, CE

Esse estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi em doadores de sangue do Hemocentro regional de Iguatu, CE, 1996-1997, usando os testes Ensaio Imunoenzimático (ELISA ) e Hemaglutinação Passiva Reversa (HPR). Dos 3.232 doadores analisados 61 (1,9%) foram soropositivos para a infecção chagásica, onde o maior número de soropositividade foi encontrado no grupo de 41-50 anos, no entanto, o maior número de doadores que procuram o branco de sangue encontra-se na faixa etária de 18-30 anos. Do total de doadores analisados 2.991 (92,5%) foram do sexo masculino e destes 57 (1,9%) foram soropositivos. Com relação a procedência dos doadores observamos que 1.825 (56,5%) foram procedentes da área rural. Os resultados mostram que o ELISA detectou 49 doadores com a infecção e por HPR apenas 38, mostrando portanto que a utilização de dois ou mais testes em bancos de sangue poderá prevenir a transmissão da doença de Chagas associada à transfusão.

Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among children in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Although acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in Southern Brazil, little information is available on their seasonality and viral etiology. This study was conducted on children under 5 years of age with ARI to assess viral etiology in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, from 1990 to 1992. A total of 862 nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples were tested using indirect immunofluorescence. The results showed that 316 (36.6%) NPS samples were positive: 26.2% for RSV, 6% for adenovirus, 1.7% for influenzaviruses, 1.5% for parainfluenzaviruses, and 1.2% for mixed infection. The mean viral prevalence rates in out-patient services, emergency wards, and in-patient hospital wards were 26.7%, 53% and 42.3%, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus accounted for 91.4 % of the viral diagnoses. RSV was more frequent in children under one year of age at the three levels of health care and was prevalent in infants under six months. Adenovirus was the most prevalent pathogen in hospitalized children, in 1992. Influenza A virus showed an increased prevalence with age among out-patient children. This study shows the annual occurence of viral respiratory infections in the coldest months, with a significant annual variation in the frequency of RSV infection.

Estudo das características epidemiológicas e clínicas de 332 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar notificados na região norte do Estado do Paraná de 1993 a 1998

Casos de leishmaniose tegumentar no norte do estado do Paraná têm sido assinalados desde os anos 50, mas no final dos anos 80, houve um surto epidêmico. Para conhecer o perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose cutânea na região Norte do Paraná foi feito um levantamento de casos, entre 1993 e 1998. Foram notificados 316 casos da doença em 35 municípios paranaenses. Dezesseis casos eram importados de outros estados e do Paraguai. Os indivíduos do sexo masculino (61,2%), na faixa etária de 15 a 49 anos (70,8%) representaram a maioria dos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar. Sessenta e sete porcento dos pacientes apresentaram lesões únicas, 31% lesões múltiplas e 2% lesões de mucosas. Num total de 367 lesões analisadas 47,7% estavam localizadas nos membros inferiores, 26,7% nos membros superiores e 16% na face. Trinta e duas cepas de Leishmania isoladas foram identificadas, com base em 13 isoenzimas, como pertencentes à espécie Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.

A criação de unidades locais de saúde na região Alentejo : impacto na mortalidade precoce hospitalar

RESUMO - Introdução: A integração de cuidados de saúde tem sido o modelo organizacional procurado para ajudar os sistemas de saúde a ultrapassar os constantes desafios impostos e para obterem ganhos na qualidade dos cuidados e nos resultados para os utentes. A taxa de mortalidade precoce no ambiente hospitalar é um indicador que permite avaliar a performance dos sistemas de saúde, refletindo os resultados em saúde. Esta é expressa a partir do cálculo dos anos de vida potencialmente perdidos (AVPP). Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da criação de Unidades Locais de Saúde (ULS) na região Alentejo. Metodologia: Em primeiro lugar determinou-se a taxa de mortalidade precoce em ambiente hospitalar e os respetivos AVPP, analisando os diagnósticos principais associados, entre 2000 e 2011, nas ULS do Norte Alentejano e Baixo Alentejo. Para calcular o impacto da criação das ULS nos AVPP foi realizado o método Difference in Difference. Resultados: Foram analisados 605 825 episódios de internamento, dos quais 5258 (0,87%) resultaram em óbito hospitalar em utentes com <70 anos. Desta análise resultaram 102 270 AVPP para ambos os sexos. Após a criação das ULS do Norte Alentejano e Baixo Alentejo, verificou-se uma diminuição no número de AVPP de – 2, 7% e – 2, 6% respetivamente. Conclusões: Com a criação das ULS na região de saúde do Alentejo, o número de AVPP em ambiente hospitalar diminuiu, no entanto torna-se necessário aumentar a população em estudo e incluir mais variáveis que possam influenciar os AVPP por forma a retirarem-se conclusões mais específicas.

Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in chronic stable renal transplant patients

PURPOSE: Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is currently a major cause of death in renal transplant patients. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of immunosuppressive therapy on homocyst(e)inemia in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: Total serum homocysteine (by high performance liquid chromatography), creatinine, lipid profile, folic acid (by radioimmunoassay-RIA) and vitamin B12 (by RIA) concentrations were measured in 3 groups. Group I patients (n=20) were under treatment with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone; group II (n=9) were under treatment with azathioprine and prednisone; and group III (n=7) were composed of renal graft donors for groups I and II. Creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, cyclosporine trough level, lipid profile, folic acid, and vitamin B12 concentrations and clinical characteristics of patients were assessed with the aim of ascertaining determinants of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia. RESULTS: Patient ages were 48.8 ± 15.1 yr (group I), 43.3 ± 11.3 yr (group II); and 46.5 ± 14.8 yr (group III). Mean serum homocyst(e)ine (tHcy) concentrations were 18.07 ± 8.29 mmol/l in renal transplant recipients; 16.55 ± 5.6 mmol/l and 21.44 ± 12.1 mmol/l respectively for group I (with cyclosporine) and group II (without cyclosporine) (NS). In renal donors, tHcy was significantly lower (9.07 ± 3.06 mmol/l; group I + group II vs. group III, p<0.008). There was an unadjusted correlation (p<0.10) between age (r=0.427; p<0.005) body weight (r=0.412; p<0.05), serum creatinine (r=0.427; p<0.05), estimated creatinine clearance (r=0.316; p<0.10), and tHcy in renal recipients (group I +II). Independent regressors (r²=0.46) identified in the multiple regression model were age (coefficient= 0.253; p=0.009) and serum creatinine (coefficient=8.07; p=0.045). We found no cases of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in the control group. In contrast, 38% of renal recipients had hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: 7 cases (35%) on cyclosporine and 4 (45%) without cyclosporine, based on serum normal levels. CONCLUSIONS: Renal transplant recipients frequently have hyperhomocyst(e)inemia. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in renal transplant patients is independent of the scheme of immunosuppression they are taking. The older the patients are and the higher are their serum creatinine levels, the more susceptible they are to hyperhomocyst(e)inemia following renal transplantation.

A intervenção da seguradora nas acções propostas contra o segurado

The problem to be discussed results from the relationship established between the insurer and insured by the conclusion of an insurance contract, namely an optional liability insurance contract, to cover the risks taken by the insured resulting from the occurrence of a claim, such as those arising from the emergence of the liability and consequent obligation to compensate damages caused to a third party. This thesis concerns thus the debate between those who consider that, in the optional insurance, the third party may require compliance with the provision to both the insured and the insurer (in the case of voluntary joinder, pursuant to Art. 27 CCP, which corresponds Art. 32 of the New Code of Civil Procedure, Law n. 41/2013 of 26 June, which entered into force on 1 September, hereinafter New Code) - insurance contract on behalf of a third party conception - in the same way that the insured defendant can bring the insurer to intervene as co-defendant in the main process, pursuant al. a) of art. 325 of the CCP (corresponding to art. 316 of the New Code - main intervention caused), and those who argue that the insurer may only intervene in the action as an ancillary party, to assist the defendant, lacking interest, therefore, in necessary or volunteer joinder, with the consequence that the insurer cannot be sued as a main party - only ancillary intervention is justifiable (cf. art. 330 CPC, which corresponds to art. 321 of the New Code).

Infância e cultura contemporânea: as repercussões da mídia na ludicidade das crianças nas aulas de educação física

Este trabalho busca apresentar uma proposta de investigação sobre a temática da infância, propondo uma discussão que entrelaça as noções de cultura lúdica no campo da Educação Física. A ênfase recai em compreender o processo de produção das brincadeiras de crianças a partir de uma perspectiva que se desenvolve em interface com a cultura midiática e a imaginação. Neste projeto de tese, o objetivo principal é identificar jogos e atividades lúdicas que as crianças constroem em suas interações com as heróis e discurso da mídia, descrever as mudanças nelas ocorridas em função das relações estabelecidas com as personagens que se destacam na cultura midiática, de modo a compreender o processo de produção de suas brincadeiras nas aulas de Educação Física. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a desenvolver-se com uma turma de crianças, entre 4 e 5 anos, da Educação Infantil, no Brasil. A proposta metodológica é de abordagem etnográfica e com caráter de intervenção, e tem como principais recursos oficinas desenvolvidas com as crianças, entrevistas e registros por meio de diário de campo. Pretende-se, com esta investigação, contribuir com as pesquisas no campo Educação, sobretudo da Educação Física, no sentido de compreender as transformações que ocorrem na escola e respeito das experiências lúdicas infantis e os significados que as crianças constroem em meio as referências simbólicas que circulam na cultura midiática.

Women’s perception of separation/divorce in Portugal: A sociodemographic profile

This article focuses on the personal experiences of Portuguese women regarding separation and divorce. The sample included 96 women, with at least 1 child, who responded to an inventory that addressed conflict, dysfunctional conjugality, emotional experiences, social support, and adaptation to divorce. Higher levels of conflict and marital dysfunction in litigious divorces were found, as well as more conflict when different lawyers were employed. Those women who were satisfied with alimony and visiting rights reported less conflict, fewer negative emotional experiences, and greater social support. Level of education and duration of separation influenced women’s perceptions. Implications for intervention are addressed.