Toxicity measurement techniques for building materials with wastes

The innovative Horizon 2020 program sponsored by the European Union (EU) aims to promote and develop processes of waste integration in construction materials. However, several potential health hazards caused by building materials have been identified and, there-fore, there is an ongoing need to develop new recycling methods for hazardous wastes and effi-cient barriers in order to prevent toxic releases from the new construction solutions with wastes. This paper presents an overview that focus on two main aspects: the identification of the health risks related to radioactivity and heavy metals present in building materials and identification of these toxic substances in new construction solutions that contain recycled wastes. Different waste materials were selected and distinct methodologies of toxicity evaluation are presented to analyse the potential hazardous, the feasibility of using those wastes and the achievement of op-timal construction solutions involving wastes.

Assessment of a protease inhibitor peptide for anti-ageing

Ageing and skin exposure to UV radiation induces production and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE). These enzymes are known to break down the extracellular matrix (ECM) which leads to wrinkle formation. Here, we demonstrated the potential of a solid-in-oil nanodispersion containing a competitive inhibitor peptide of HNE mixed with hyaluronic acid (HA), displaying 158 nm of mean diameter, to protect the skin against the ageing effects. Western blot analysis demonstrated that activation of MMP-1 in fibroblasts by HNE treatment is inhibited by the solid-in-oil nanodispersion containing the peptide and HA. The results clearly demonstrate that solid-in-oil nanodispersion containing the HNE inhibitor peptide is a promising strategy for anti-ageing effects. This effect can be seen particularly by ECM regulation by affecting fibroblasts. The formulation also enhances the formation of thicker bundles of actin filaments.

Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber mats wettability

Electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fiber mats find applications in an increasing number of areas, such as battery separators, filtration and detection membranes, due to their excellent properties. However, there are limitations due to the hydrophobic nature and low surface energy of PVDF. In this work, oxygen plasma treatment has been applied in order to modify the surface wettability of PVDF fiber mats and superhydrophilic PVDF electrospun membranes have been obtained. Further, plasma treatment does not significantly influences fiber average size (~400 ± 200 nm), morphology, electroactive -phase content (~80-85%) or the degree of crystallinity (Xc of 42 ± 2%), allowing to maintain the excellent physical-chemical characteristics of PVDF. Plasma treatment mainly induces surface chemistry modifications, such as the introduction of oxygen and release of fluorine atoms that significantly changes polymer membrane wettability by a reduction of the contact angle of the polymer fibers and an overall decrease of the surface tension of the membranes.

Erratum: Influence of oxygen plasma treatment parameters on poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber mats wettability

Electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fiber mats find applications in an increasing number of areas, such as battery separators, filtration and detection membranes, due to their excellent properties. However, there are limitations due to the hydrophobic nature and low surface energy of PVDF. In this work, oxygen plasma treatment has been applied in order to modify the surface wettability of PVDF fiber mats and superhydrophilic PVDF electrospun membranes have been obtained. Further, plasma treatment does not significantly influences fiber average size (~400 ± 200 nm), morphology, electroactive -phase content (~80-85%) or the degree of crystallinity (Xc of 42 ± 2%), allowing to maintain the excellent physical-chemical characteristics of PVDF. Plasma treatment mainly induces surface chemistry modifications, such as the introduction of oxygen and release of fluorine atoms that significantly changes polymer membrane wettability by a reduction of the contact angle of the polymer fibers and an overall decrease of the surface tension of the membranes.

Seroprevalence for brucellosis and leptospirosis in dogs from Belém and Castanhal, State of Pará, Brazil

Brucellosis and leptospirosis are widely spread bacterial infections and dogs are the most important source of infection and reservoir for diseases. Dogs can disseminate the agents in the environment and transmit them to humans and/or other animals. The objective of this study was assess the occurrence of reactive to antibodies anti-Leptospira spp., Brucella canis and B. abortus in Belém and Castanhal, State of Pará, Amazon, Brazil. A total of 156 samples were randomly collected in the city of Belém and 158 samples in Castanhal. The anti-B. canis antibodies research was performed by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) with and without 2-mercaptoethanol serum treatment (AGID-2ME). To assess the anti-B. abortus antibodies, the technique of Fast Seroagglutination with buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPAT) was used. For anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies research, the Microscopic Agglutination Technique (MAT) was used. No animal reacted to Brucella abortus and one animal was reactive to B. canis at the AGID, but it was negative to the AGID-2ME test. Seventeen percent of dogs (47/274) presented anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, with prevalence of serovar Canicola. The dogs from Belém and Castanhal are not source of infection for B. abortus and B. canis, however, they are reservoirs for different serovars of Leptospira spp.

Ionic, paramagnetic and photophysical properties of a new biohybrid material incorporating copper perchlorate

The sol-gel method was employed in the synthesis of di-urethane cross-linked poly(-caprolactone) (d-PCL(530)/siloxane biohybrid ormolytes incorporating copper perchlorate, (Cu(ClO4)2). The highest ionic conductivity of the d PCL(530)/siloxanenCu(ClO4)2 system is that with n = 10 (1.4 x 10-7 and 1.4 x 10-5 S cm-1, at 25 and 100 ºC, respectively). In an attempt to understand the ionic conductivity/ionic association relationship, we decide to inspect the chemical environment experienced by the Cu2+ ions in the d-PCL(530)/siloxane medium. The observed EPR spectra are typical of isolated monomeric Cu2+ ions in axially distorted sites. The molecular orbital coefficients obtained from the EPR spin Hamiltonian parameters and the optical absorption band suggests that bonding between the Cu2+ and its ligand in the ormolytes are moderately ionic. Investigation by photoluminescence spectroscopy did not evidence or allow selective excitation of transitions corresponding to complexed Cu2+ species.

Measurement of transverse energy-energy correlations in multi-jet events in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector and determination of the strong coupling constant αs(mZ)

High transverse momentum jets produced in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV are used to measure the transverse energy--energy correlation function and its associated azimuthal asymmetry. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the year 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 158 pb−1. The selection criteria demand the average transverse momentum of the two leading jets in an event to be larger than 250 GeV. The data at detector level are well described by Monte Carlo event generators. They are unfolded to the particle level and compared with theoretical calculations at next-to-leading-order accuracy. The agreement between data and theory is good and provides a precision test of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics at large momentum transfers. From this comparison, the strong coupling constant given at the Z boson mass is determined to be αs(mZ)=0.1173±0.0010 (exp.) +0.0065−0.0026 (theo.).

Spawning habitat selection by Octopus vulgaris: new insights for a more effective management of this resource

The selection of spawning habitat of a population of Octopus vulgaris that is subject to a small-scale exploitation was studied in the Cíes Islands within the National Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia (NW Spain). The technique used was visual censuses by scuba diving. We conducted 93 visual censuses from April 2012 to April 2014. The total swept area was 123.69 ha. Habitat features (season, depth, zone, bottom temperature, swept area, bottom substrate type, and creels fishing impact) were evaluated as predictors of the presence/absence of spawning dens using GAM models. O. vulgaris has a noteworthy preference for spawning in areas with hard bottom substrate and moderate depth (approximately 20 m). The higher density of spawning dens (1.08ha−1) was found in a surveyed area of 50.14ha located in the northeastern part of the northern Cíes Island. We propose to protect the area comprised from Punta Escodelo to Punta Ferreiro between 5 and 30 m depth. This area has a surface of 158 ha equivalent to 5.98% of the total marine area of the Cíes islands. The strengths and weaknesses of a management strategy based on the protection of the species’ spawning habitat are discussed.

O acometimento isquêmico obstrutivo na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica do tipo septal assimétrico com envolvimento da artéria descendente anterior

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o papel da doença arterial coronária (DAC) com comprometimento da artéria descendente anterior (ADA) na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) e sua repercussão na evolução, visto ser controverso o significado da necrose e fibrose do septo interventricular (SIV) nesta cardiomiopatia. MÉTODOS: Entre 158 pacientes com CMH, selecionamos 6 (3,79%) com CMH e DAC com lesão obrigatória de ADA, sendo 4 homens, entre 52 e 70 (x= 65,16) nos, 4 com a forma obstrutiva da CMH. O tempo de diagnóstico da CMH foi de 78 a 182 (x=141) meses e da DAC de 1 dia a 106 (x= 42) meses. Os pacientes foram acompanhados com avaliações clínicas e exames complementares periódicos. RESULTADOS: A forma de apresentação da DAC foi em 5 com angina instável e um com infarto do miocárdio. A ADA estava comprometida entre 60 a 100%, sendo em um lesão única e nos 5 restantes com lesão em 2 ou mais vasos. Na evolução, 3 foram submetidos a revascularização miocárdica (RM), um associada a miomectomia septal, um a angioplastia e 2 somente a tratamento clínico. No período de observação de 76 a 124 meses após o diagnóstico da DAC, ocorreu um óbito. No fim do estudo observamos redução nos valores médios do SIV de 1,53 para 1,40cm, gradiente de pressão entre o corpo e a via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) de 56 para 15,75mmHg, com discreto aumento no diâmetro diastólico do VE de 4,55 para 4,85cm e do diâmetro sistólico de 2,83 para 3,13cm, sem alterar a dimensão do átrio esquerdo (4,13cm). CONCLUSÃO: A DAC da ADA é bem tolerada na CMH septal assimétrica, participando do processo fibrótico septal e melhorando o desempenho cardíaco, não representando problema adverso na evolução da CMH.

The use of primary stenting or balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for the treatment of acutely occluded saphenous vein grafts. Results from the Brazilian National Registry - CENIC

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a comparative analysis of the in-hospital outcomes of patients who underwent primary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) or stent implantation because of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related to an acute vein graft occlusion. METHODS: Since 1991 the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamic and Interventional Cardiology has maintained a large database (CENIC). From these, we selected all consecutive patients, who underwent primary PTCA or stenting in the first 24 hours of AMI, with the target vessel being an occluded vein graft. Immediate results and major coronary events occurring up until hospital discharge were analyzed. RESULTS: During this period, 5,932 patients underwent primary PTCA or stenting; 158 (3%) of the procedures were performed because of an acute vein graft occlusion. Stenting was performed in 74 (47%) patients. Patients treated with stents had a higher success rate and lower mean residual stenosis compared with those who underwent primary balloon PTCA. The incidence of reinfarction and death were similar for stenting and balloon PTCA. CONCLUSION: Primary percutaneous treatment of AMI related to acute vein graft occlusion is still an uncommon practice. Primary stenting improved luminal diameter and offered higher rates of success; however, this strategy did not reduce the in-hospital reinfarction and death rate, compared with that occurring with PTCA treatment.

Flora oder Botanische Zeitung :welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsätze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthält /herausgegeben von der Königl. Botanischen Gesellschaft in Regensburg.

v.43 (1860)

Fatores de risco e morbimortalidade associados à fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca

OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência de fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, seu impacto sobre a morbimortalidade e o tempo de internação hospitalar e analisar os fatores de risco presentes no pré, trans e pós-operatório. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte contemporâneo com 158 pacientes adultos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, sendo excluídos aqueles com fibrilação atrial no pré-operatório. Os pacientes foram avaliados por monitorização cardíaca contínua e eletrocardiogramas diários e a fibrilação atrial considerada como qualquer episódio de ritmo irregular, com presença de ondas f de morfologia e amplitude variáveis. RESULTADOS: A incidência de fibrilação atrial foi de 28,5%, sendo 21,6% para os pacientes revascularizados e 44,3% para os submetidos à correção valvar. Fatores independentemente associados à fibrilação atrial foram insuficiência cardíaca esquerda no pré-operatório (p=0,05; RC=2,2), balanço hídrico total (p=0,01; RC=1,0), tempo de cirurgia (p=0,03; RC=1,01) e outros fatores associados: idade > 70 anos, doença valvar aórtica, agitação psicomotora, tempo de permanência de drenos, congestão pulmonar e insuficiência respiratória no pós-operatório. O uso de betabloqueadores (p=0,01; RC=0,3) foi um fator de proteção. Fibrilação atrial pós-operatória associou-se a aumento do tempo de internação hospitalar (16,9 ± 12,3 dias vs 9,2 ± 4,0 dias, p<0,001) e a maior incidência de acidente vascular cerebral ou óbito pós-operatório, (p=0,02). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca foi elevada e ocasionou significativo aumento de morbimortalidade e tempo de internação hospitalar. Entre os fatores de risco independentes destaca-se o balanço hídrico excessivo e, como fator protetor, uso de betabloqueadores.

Remodelação miocárdica após infarto agudo do miocárdio experimental em ratos: efeito do bloqueio do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona

OBJETIVO: Verificar a ação do lisinopril e do losartan sobre a remodelação miocárdica no infarto experimental em ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar foram submetidos a infarto e tratados com lisinopril 20 mg/kg/dia (LIS, n=13) ou losartan 20 mg/kg/dia (LOS, n=11), ou mantidos sem tratamento (NT, n=11), por três meses e os resultados comparados com grupo controle (CONT, n=11) de ratos sem infarto. Após a eutanásia, o ventrículo esquerdo foi separado e pesado. Foram medidas a área seccional dos miócitos (AC), fração de colágeno intersticial (CVF) e a hidroxiprolina (HOP) miocárdica. As variáveis foram comparadas pela ANOVA de uma via, para nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: O infarto agudo promoveu a hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo e os tratamentos com lisinopril e losartam preveniram a hipertrofia quantificada pelo peso do ventrículo esquerdo (LOS=1,06± 0,12g, LIS=0,97±0,18g, NT=1,26±0,17g, CONT=1,02± 0,09g; p<0,05), pelo peso de ventrículo esquerdo corrigido pelo peso corporal VE/PC (LOS=2,37±0,21mg/g, LIS=2,41± 0,38mg/g,NT=2,82±0,37mg/g, CONT=2,27± 0,15mg/g) e pela medida da AC do ventrículo esquerdo (LOS=210±39µ², LIS=217±35µ², NT=256±35µ², CONT= 158±06 µ²; p<0,05). O CVF foi significantemente maior no ventrículo esquerdo do grupo infartado e houve prevenção do aumento com os tratamentos (LOS=1,16±0,4%, LIS=1,27± 0,5%, NT=1,8± 0,4%, CONT=0,7±0,5%). A HOP foi maior no grupo infartado (NT=6,91±2,98mg/g vs. CONT=2,81±1,21mg/g) e não alterou com o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A remodelação miocárdica pós-infarto é caracterizada por aumento da massa ventricular remanescente e aumento de colágeno intersticial. O bloqueador da enzima conversora da angiotensina e o antagonista seletivo AT1 da angiotensina II previnem a hipertrofia do miócito e a fibrose intersticial.

Incorporación de clones selectos provenientes de especies nativas al mercado ornamental de la provincia de Córdoba

El sector florícola argentino, definido de manera amplia como el que se ocupa de producir material vegetal que es usado con fines ornamentales, es muy complejo y heterogéneo. En la estructura de producción predomina claramente la explotación familiar y el 99,6% de las explotaciones venden su producción exclusivamente en el mercado interno. Según un estudio reciente del JICA INTEA INTA sobre la caracterización de la producción florícola en Argentina, el valor bruto a nivel nacional, calculado en precio al productor ascendió en el año 2002 a un total de USS 158,6 mill., correspondientes a USS 111,25 mill. al subsector de plantas en maceta y USS 47,3 mill. a flor de corte. En el contexto del sector del sector agropecuario argentino esta cifra lo colocaría por encima de actividades como son los cultivos de pera, naranja, sorgo, tabaco, mandarina y la producción de lana, entre otros. De los productores relevados, el 41,5 % cultivan flores de corte, el 44,4% plantas de maceta y el 46,4% se dedican a árboles y arbustos (las actividades no son excluyentes). La superficie total cultivada es de 1160,2 has, distribuidos en 800 familias / empresas que se dedica a la actividad. Cada ha. ocupa en promedio de mano de obra a 12 personas, lo cual indica que la etapa productiva de la actividad genera 13992 puestos de trabajo. La producción ornamental en la provincia de Córdoba abarca unas 23,6 ha. para flor fresca y otras tantas para producción de plantas en maceta, distribuidas tanto en cultivos bajo cubierta como al aire libre. Si bien no es una provincia netamente productora (Buenos Aires, Santa Fe y Corrientes son las provincias de mayor producción), es un gran polo consumidor, donde el mercado meta es la población de clase media a alta (ABC 1). El mercado de la floricultura es dinámico, está en constante movimiento, donde los consumidores cambian patrones de consumo y están abiertos a nuevas especies, cultivares, productos innovadores, nuevos colores, con características que mejoren las opciones actuales y están dispuestos a pagar por ello. La provincia de Córdoba posee recursos y condiciones ambientales para la producción de ornamentales. El consumo de los productos ornamentales en la localidad de Córdoba está en aumento y permanece constante a lo largo de todo el año, más allá de las fechas especiales, a pesar de ello solo se cultivan especies tradicionales, como alegría del hogar, caléndulas, violetas, petunias, etc. Con el fin de ampliar la oferta de especies herbáceas y/o variedades, la incorporación de especies nativas al mercado ornamental suma ventajas y oportunidades cada vez más buscadas. Las mismas abarcan preservar y mantener el medioambiente, recuperar nuestro germoplasma nativo, mantener e incrementar la calidad de vegetación sin perjudicar el equilibrio ecológico existente, hasta decorar espacios con el mínimo uso de recursos, especialmente hídricos para la misma calidad ofrecida.

Estudios de los mecanismos genéticos de producción de fibra en camélidos sudamericanos y ovinos Merino

estructura del vellón y de su pigmentación, en todas las especies identificadas como importantes en las áreas desfavorecidas. Esta idea del estudio Inter. e intra específico se ve favorecida por el principio de la homología interespecífica, que es aplicable a toda la biología de las faneras de los mamíferos. Una buena parte de las hipótesis genéticas planteadas ya han sido probadas, sólo restan testear la hipótesis del blanco uniforme dominante con penetrancia incompleta en Camélidos y caprinos, el eumelánico marrón recesivo con respecto al negro, la herencia del vellón doble capa como aditiva no-mendeliana, la heredibilidad y las correlaciones genéticas significativas en características del folículo y de la fibra en Camélidos y la existencia de interacción genotipo por ambiente en el diámetro medio en Merino. En todos nuestros casos se estudiarán muestras de piel y de fibra extraídas simultáneamente de animales que tienen relación de parentesco conocido y se procesarán en el laboratorio de fibras. Los parámetros genéticos se estimarán con la metodología de máxima verosimilitud restringida (DFREML). Se analiza la factibilidad de testear la presencia de genes mayores aditivos en la determinación de la estructura del vellón en Camélidos (doble capa y lustre) utilizando los esquemas de apareamiento y análisis de segregación clásicos. La salida final de este proyecto es el diseño de programas de mejoramiento genético ajustados a las realidades ambientales y productivas de cada situación particular en donde el SUPPRAD interviene con proyectos de desarrollo.