Diagnóstico de la cadena de camarón de cultivo en El Salvador

Este documento es parte de un proceso de colaboración técnica entre el Ministerio de Economía (MINEC) de El Salvador y la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Sede Subregional en México. Surge del interés del Gobierno de El Salvador por fortalecer su política industrial y mejorar sustantivamente algunas cadenas mediante su escalamiento. El propósito del presente manuscrito es analizar la cadena de valor del camarón de cultivo en El Salvador de una manera integral. Se busca identificar y describir a todos los actores involucrados, sus características, vínculos, restricciones y oportunidades de mejora. Se presenta un diagnóstico del estado de desarrollo de la actividad al año 2013 con énfasis en los obstáculos que impiden un mayor crecimiento de la cadena. Este diagnóstico está organizado de la siguiente forma. Tras la introducción, en el primer capítulo se realiza una identificación y priorización de la cadena de camaronicultura en el contexto internacional y salvadoreño. En el segundo, se efectúa un registro y descripción de actores y productos a lo largo de la cadena nacional de camarón de cultivo. En el tercero se hace el análisis de costos, márgenes y competitividad. En el cuarto se analiza el mercado y sus estándares. En el quinto se estudia el proceso de gobernanza y de creación de vínculos en la cadena. En el sexto se hace el análisis de recursos, productividad y sostenibilidad ambiental. En el último capítulo se hace una proyección de los beneficios económicos y laborales. Para finalizar, se presentan los puntos críticos y las restricciones que arroja el diagnóstico. En la primera parte de las conclusiones se describen las restricciones sistémicas, es decir, de toda la cadena; y, en la segunda, por cada eslabón en particular.

O Banco Mundial e as políticas educacionais brasileiras

O artigo analisa o documento elaborado pelo Banco Mundial Atingindo uma educação de nível mundial no Brasil: Próximos Passos, o qual realiza um balanço dos últimos vinte anos das políticas educacionais implementadas no Brasil e traça perspectivas para os próximos anos, segundo a concepção de educação e sociedade do Banco. Este organismo internacional avalia positivamente o caráter das políticas educacionais implementadas e os resultados atingidos no período assinalado. Questiona-se e problematiza-se os critérios da avaliação, o balanço e as perspectivas traçados pelo Banco Mundial sobre a educação brasileira.

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum DNA in Clinical Samples

Improved methods for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum are needed in regions with limited resources in which the organism is endemic, where delayed diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) results in high mortality rates. We have investigated the use of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to facilitate rapid inexpensive molecular diagnosis of this disease. Primers for LAMP were designed to amplify the Hcp100 locus of H. capsulatum. The sensitivity and limit of detection were evaluated using DNA extracted from 91 clinical isolates of known geographic subspecies, while the assay specificity was determined using DNA extracted from 50 other fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Urine specimens (n = 6) collected from HIV-positive individuals with culture- and antigen-proven histoplasmosis were evaluated using the LAMP assay. Specimens from healthy persons (n = 10) without evidence of histoplasmosis were used as assay controls. The Hcp100 LAMP assay was 100% sensitive and specific when tested with DNA extracted from culture isolates. The median limit of detection was <= 6 genomes (range, 1 to 300 genomes) for all except one geographic subspecies. The LAMP assay detected Hcp100 in 67% of antigen-positive urine specimens (4/6 specimens), and results were negative for Hcp100 in all healthy control urine specimens. We have shown that the Hcp100 LAMP assay is a rapid affordable assay that can be used to expedite culture confirmation of H. capsulatum in regions in which PDH is endemic. Further, our results indicate proof of the concept that the assay can be used to detect Histoplasma DNA in urine. Further evaluation of this assay using body fluid samples from a larger patient population is warranted.

Male Gonadal Differentiation and the Paedomorphic Evolution of the Testis in Teleostei

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

APPROXIMATE CALCULATION OF SUMS I: BOUNDS FOR THE ZEROS OF GRAM POLYNOMIALS

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aspectos epidemiológicos da saúde bucal de crianças em um município brasileiro

The Health Sciences, prior to the planning of prevention programs, adopt the tools to analyze the population profile, entitled epidemiological surveys, to obtain data on the need for heathcare and the possibility of treating health events. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental conditions in schoolchildren, aged five to fourteen, enrolled in public schools in Américo Brasiliense, SP Brazil. The dmft and DMFT index, caries experience, and prevalence of fluorosis were analyzed. For this epidemiological study, 1,137 children were selected. Four calibrated dentists performed oral exams according to WHO criteria (1997). The data were collected using descriptive analyses. The results showed that 94% of the five-year-old children were caries free, and the value of dmft was 1.44. DMFT was 1.19 in 12-year-olds. The lowest and the highest fluorosis prevalence could be observed in eight and fourteen-year-olds, respectively. It could be concluded that the city of Américo Brasiliense has developed respectful educational and preventive oral health programs which presented satiosfactory results in the present epidemiological study.

Overproduction and properties of lipase by wild strain of Burkholderia lata LBBIO-BL02 using chicken fat

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Differentiation of the Dimorphic Fungal Species Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii

Isolates of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii, previously characterized by molecular techniques, were identified for the first time by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). All isolates were correctly identified, with log score values of >2.0. Thus, MALDI-TOF MS is a new tool for differentiating species of the genus Paracoccidioides.

Carbohydrates, growth and production of -roxo de valinhos- fig tree in initial development under irrigation management

The carbohydrates translocation and consequently growth and production of fig tree (Ficuscarica L.) vary according to the different management on cultivation conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the levels and total carbohydrates accumulation together with growth and “Roxo de Valinhos” fig trees production onimplementation of orchards in initial phase, cultivated with and without irrigation. We adopted a factorial arrangement (2 x 7) with four repetitions distributed in installments (with and without irrigation) subdivided in time (collect time). Destructive analyzes were performed at 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 days after pruning (DAP) and are measured: stem diameter and branch, stem length and branch, number of leaves, internodes and fruit. Subsequently, the plant parts were sectioned to obtain the leaf area, length and roots volume, fresh and dry matter weight. The number, weight and total productivity of fruits were evaluated. The media of all growth attributes and production characteristics were higher in treatments with water irrigation. The total carbohydrate content was higher at 120 and 160 DAP and the carbohydrates accumulation was increasing for most institutions over the plants development, except for the leaves that showed a decrease in the levels at 160 DAP. The fruits showed greater carbohydrates accumulation in relation to the other evaluated organs.

LEAD Presentation

Thank you for inviting us to share with you some information about the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and what we are doing for Nebraska. As a stakeholder in Nebraska's land-grant university, you and every other Nebraskan have every right at any time to ask us what we've done for you and your neighbors lately. We welcome the question. There is so much excellent work being accomplished on this campus and throughout Nebraska that I am delighted each time I have the opportunity to talk about it. The biggest problem I find is stopping - there's always so much more to say - than there is time to say it in!