[Development of the short version of the informal caregiver burden assessment questionnaire]

OBJETIVE to create a reduced version of the QASCI, which is structurally equivalent to the long one and meets the criteria of reliability and validity. METHOD Through secondary data from previous studies, the participants were divided into two samples, one for the development of reduced version and the second for study of the factorial validity. Participants responded to QASCI, the SF 36, the ADHS and demographic questions. RESULTS A reduced version of 14 items showed adequate psychometric properties of validity and internal consistency, adapted to a heptadimensional structure that assesses positive and negative aspects of care. CONCLUSION Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit with the advocated theoretical model.

Sumo detox e os seus ingredientes: análise comparativa da atividade antioxidante, flavonóides e fenólicos totais

Os antioxidantes e os compostos bioativos naturalmente presentes nas frutas e vegetais têm suscitado um especial interesse entre os consumidores devido aos potenciais benefícios que apresentam para a saúde. Hoje em dia, uma das formas de consumo de frutas e vegetais é sob forma de sumos detox. No entanto, é fundamental avaliar as propriedades nutricionais e bioativas dos alimentos quando se misturam, dado que grande parte da informação disponível na literatura diz respeito aos ingredientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise comparativa da atividade antioxidante, do teor de compostos fenólicos totais e do teor de flavonóides totais, entre um sumo detox e os seus ingredientes. Foram analisados 3 tipos de frutas (laranja, pera e banana), 2 tipos de vegetais (espinafres e cenoura) e o sumo detox, cuja composição se baseou na junção dos ingredientes anteriormente referidos. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada utilizando dois métodos, 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH•) e o poder de redução férrica (FRAP). O teor de compostos fenólicos totais foi determinado pelo método Folin-Ciocalteu, sendo os resultados expressos em equivalentes de ácido gálhico (EAG). O teor de flavonóides totais foi expresso em equivalentes de epicatequina (EEC). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a laranja foi a amostra que apresentou maior atividade antioxidante, nos dois métodos utilizados. Relativamente ao teor de compostos fenólicos totais e ao teor de flavonóides totais, os espinafres apresentaram o valor mais elevado, 0,369 ± 0,04 mg EAG/mL e 113,2 ± 8,0 µg EEC/mL, respetivamente. A cenoura foi a amostra que apresentou o menor valor para os dois métodos 0,135 ± 0,0 mg EAG/mL para os compostos fenólicos totais e 21,9 ± 1,3 µg EEC/mL para os flavonóides totais. Tendo por base os resultados obtidos é possível concluir que o sumo detox analisado, de uma forma geral, apresenta um baixo poder antioxidante, comparativamente aos seus ingredientes.

CAREGIVING FOR A FAMILY MEMBER WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER

Objective: To know the perception of informal caregivers regarding the care for a family member with head and neck cancer. Methods: Qualitative study conducted between March and May 2014 in the radiotherapy outpatient center of the Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia – CACON (Oncology High Complexity Center) of the Hospital Universitário de Brasília – HUB (University Hospital of Brasília) using semi-structured interviews with nine caregivers about the experience of caring for family members. Data underwent Content Analysis and four units of meaning were identified: “Representation of cancer in the Family”, “The care as debt, individual reward or reconstruction of family ties”, “Repercussions of cancer on the caregiver’s personal life” and “Social support and network used by caregivers”. Results: Feelings of sadness and surprise at the moment of diagnosis were attributed to cancer, as well as the idea of punishment. The care was seen as personal satisfaction, accomplishment and opportunity for family rapprochement. Work overload and change in routine were altered functions. Religiosity, exchange of experience in the waiting room and institutional support appeared as coping strategies. Conclusion: The experience of caring for family members with head and neck cancer directly interferes in the lives of caregivers. Pointing out the institutional embracement as a strategy within the social network reinforces the importance of integrating the caregivers as a significant part of the health care plan developed by the health team.

PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF BEDRIDDEN ELDERLY

Objective: To know the perceptions and experiences of family caregivers of bedridden elderly. Methods: A qualitative descriptive exploratory study conducted in January 2015 with four caregivers in a Family Health Center in the municipality of Araripe, CE. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the information was organized using the content analysis technique. A total of three categories emerged from the analysis of the reports of caregivers: the dependence process of the elderly; daily difficulties experienced by the caregiver; and satisfaction with the home care service. Results: The dependence process of the elderly took place as a consequence of pathological processes such as neoplasm, cerebrovascular accident and dementia. However, it could also be observed that physiological phenomena – common in old age – can also make individuals dependent on caregivers. As to the difficulties faced by the caregivers, they reported the need for greater involvement by the family, given that the centralization of work generates an overload and hence affects the care of the elderly. Teamwork in the home care context is fundamental, given that it allows a complementary and comprehensive care to the ledrely/caregiver binomial. Conclusion: Healthy aging is a major challenge to be overcome given that the development of a healthy lifestyle is difficult in all social strata. It is necessary to improve home care in order to provide support to caregivers so that the quality of life of bedridden elderly and caregivers is improved.

Atividades biológicas de polissacarídeos sulfatados extraídos da alga vermelha Gracilaria caudata

In recent years, sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from marine algae have emerged as an important class of natural biopolymers with potential pharmacology applications. Among these, SP isolated from the cell walls of red algae have been study due to their anticoagulant,antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, three sulfated polysaccharides fractions denominated F1.5v, F2.0v and F3.0v were obtained from seaweed G. caudate by proteolysis followed to acetone fractionation. Gel electrophoresis using 0.05 M 1,3-diaminopropane-acetate buffer, pH 9,0, stained with 0.1% toluidine blue, showed the presence of SP in all fractions. The chemical analysis demonstrated that all the fractions are composed mainly of galactose. These compounds were evaluated in anticoagulant, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. In anticoagulant activity evaluated through aPTT and PT tests, no one fractions presented anticoagulant activity at tested concentrations (0.1 mg/mL; 1.0 mg/mL; 2.0 mg/mL).The antioxidant activities of the three fractions were evaluated by the following in vitro systems: Total antioxidant capacity, superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging, ferrous chelating activity and reducing power. The fractions were found to have different levels of antioxidant activity in the systems tested. F1.5v shows the highest activity, especially in the ferrous chelating system, with 70% of ferrous inhibiting at 1.0 mg.mL-1. Finally, all the fractions showed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells. The fractions F1.5v and F2.0v presented the highest antiproliferative activity at 2.0 mg/mL with 42.7% and 37.0% of inhibition, respectively. Ours results suggests that the sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed G. caudata are promising compounds in antioxidant and/or antitumor therapy

Análises estruturais e atividades biológicas de exopolissacarídeo extraído do fungo comestível pleurotus Sajor-Caju e de seu derivado sulfatado quimicamente.

The exopolysaccharides are extracellular compounds produced by some species of fungi and bacteria. It is suggested that these molecules, even when in the form of complex polysaccharide-peptide, are the main bioactive molecules of many fungus. Some of the biological activities displayed by these compounds can be accentuated and others may arise when you add chemically polar or nonpolar groups to polysaccharides. The fruiting body of Pleurotus sajor-caju produces a heteropolysaccharide with antineoplastic and antimicrobial activity, but other biological activities of this polymer have not been evaluated. In this work the exopolysaccharide of Pleurotus sajor-caju was sulfated chemically and structurally characterized. We also evaluated the antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities from native exopolysaccharide (PN) and its sulfated derivated (PS). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C) proved successful in sulfation of PN to obtain PS. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that PN and PS are composed of mannose, galactose, 3-O-methyl-galactose and glucose in proportion percentage of 44,9:16,3:19,8:19 and 49, 7:14,4:17,7:18,2, respectively. The percentage of sulfate found in PS was 22.5%. Antioxidants assays revealed that the sulfation procedure affects differently the activities of exopolysaccharides, while the total antioxidant capacity, the scavenging activity of superoxide radical and ferric chelating were not affected by sulfation, on the other hand the chemical modification of PN enhanced the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical and reducing power. PS also showed anticoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner and clotting time was 3.0 times higher than the baseline value in APTT at 2 mg/mL. The exopolysaccharide not presented antiproliferative activity against HeLa tumor cells, but PS affects the cellular proliferation in a time-dependent manner. After 72 h, the inhibition rate of PS (2.0 mg/mL) on HeLa cells was about 60%. The results showed that PN sulfation increase some of their activities.

Relación entre la incapacidad laboral y el uso del Índice de Capacidad de Trabajo

Introducción: Con el envejecimiento de la población existe una creciente preocupación por la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de los sistemas de protección social y de pensiones. Los problemas de salud y discapacidades son importantes causas de las salidas anticipadas del puesto de trabajo. Objetivo: Nuestro estudio se basa en revisar el uso del Índice de Capacidad de Trabajo o Work Ability Index (WAI) como herramienta para medir la capacidad laboral y como pronóstico de desarrollo de la incapacidad laboral. Método: Se ha realizado la búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos publicados entre 2004-Enero 2015, en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Osh Update, WOS, Cochrane, Lilacs, Ibecs, Scopus y Google Scholar. Resultados: Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionan 5 artículos. Conclusión: Se sugiere la existencia de una relación entre el uso del WAI y su valor predictivo para recibir la pensión por incapacidad. Debiéndose incluir también el entorno social y económico de los trabajadores. Se deberían realizar más estudios que incluyan otras categorías laborales que no impliquen sólo sobrecarga física.

Uso académico de las redes sociales: análisis comparativo entre estudiantes y profesorado de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo

Desde el surgimiento de la primera red social virtual, Geocities en 1994 hasta la actualidad, han ido emergiendo diversos tipos de redes sociales virtuales con características, fines y público objetivo diferentes. Estos servicios se han universalizado, e incluso forman parte de la vida de las personas, en especial de los jóvenes. Además, se han convertido en un espacio idóneo para intercambiar información y conocimiento de una forma rápida, sencilla y cómoda. Sin embargo, como toda tecnología, y dependiendo del uso que se le da (personal, académico, ocio y empresarial) a pesar que la red social ofrece muchas posibilidades, también presenta diversos riesgos y amenazas que han venido atemorizando a diversos entornos: padres de familia, estudiantes, profesores, etc. Pero esto no significa que no se deba usar; al contrario, se debe educar, formar, desarrollando valores y competencias digitales que les permitan conocer el uso de herramientas, ventajas y desventajas de estas redes sociales. En el ámbito de la educación superior universitaria a nivel general, existen diversas investigaciones que concluyen que para incorporar una red social virtual de uso general se deben lidiar con diversos problemas que suelen presentarse en los estudiantes como: el uso irresponsable y desmedido, signos de adicción, falta de manejo técnico de estos servicios, agresiones verbales y sexuales, etc.; repercutiendo en algunos casos en su formación académica, psicológica y social. En el caso de los profesores, también se presentan inconvenientes en el uso de estos servicios, como: el desconocimiento en el uso técnico, percepción negativa y errada hacia estos servicios y, en algunos casos, las consideran como espacios netamente para uso personal, social o familiar. Frente a esta situación la realidad de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo - Perú (en adelante USAT), se ha visto incluida en esta problemática. Por ello se considera que los docentes deben estar preparados y capacitados para conocer las redes sociales en general, sus usos, herramientas, ventajas y desventajas. Y, de esta manera, guiar u orientar adecuadamente a los estudiantes universitarios en el uso de estas redes sociales en forma personal y, además, con fines educativos, académicos y profesionales. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar un programa de formación que integre las redes sociales para el desarrollo de las asignaturas del nivel de pregrado universitario. Para lo cual se tuvo que describir el uso de las redes sociales en estudiantes y profesores del nivel de pregrado, identificar las expectativas de uso académico de las redes sociales y, finalmente, diseñar el programa que integre a Facebook como herramienta complementaria para el desarrollo de las asignaturas. Las conclusiones más importantes que se resaltan es que existe una predisposición al uso de las redes sociales en estudiantes (98.2%) y profesores (83.2%) de la Universidad, siendo Facebook la red social que más se utiliza para fines sociales y de ocio en el caso de profesores (35.6%) y para comunicarse con sus contactos en el caso de los estudiantes (87.3%). Respecto a las expectativas de uso académico de Facebook en las asignaturas, por parte de los profesores fue positivo, ya que el 59.5% lo utilizan para el desarrollo de sus asignaturas de manera directa. Sin embargo, los profesores que no la utilizan (40.5%) mostraron una actitud positiva, negativa al cambio, temor a la privacidad de información, sobrecarga laboral o como elementos distractores.

Bioprospecção de polissacarídeos sulfatados de macroalgas marinhas do litoral do Rio Grande do Norte: caracterização de uma heterofucana extraída da alga marron Sargassum filipendula que induz apoptose em células HeLa

The coast of Rio Grande do Norte has more than 100 species of seaweed, mostly unexplored regarding their pharmacological potential. The sulfated polysaccharides (PS) are by far the more seaweed compounds studied, these present a range of biological properties, such as anticoagulant activity, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant properties. In this study, we extract sulfated polysaccharide rich-extracts of eleven algae from the coast of Rio Grande do Norte (Dictyota cervicornis; Dictiopterys delicatula; Dictyota menstruallis; Dictyota mertensis; Sargassum filipendula; Spatoglossum schröederi; Gracilaria caudata; Caulerpa cupresoides; Caulerpa prolifera; Caulerpa sertularioides e Codim isthmocladum), and these were evaluated for the potential anticoagulant, antioxidant and antiproliferative. All polysaccharide extracts showed activity for anticoagulant, antioxidant and/or antiproliferative activity, especially D. delicatula and S. filipendula, which showed the most prominent pharmacological potential, thereby being chosen to have their sulfated polysaccharides extracted. By fractionating method were obtained six fractions rich in sulfated polysaccharides to the algae D. delicatula (DD-0,5V, DD-0, 7V, DD-1,0v, DD-1,3v, DD-1,5v and DD-2,0) and five fractions to the alga S. filipendula (SF-0,5V, SF-0,7V, SF-1,0v, SF-1,5v and SF-2,0v). For the anticoagulant assay only the fractions of D. delicatula showed activity, with emphasis on DD-1, 5v that presented the most prominent activity, with APTT ratio similar to clexane® at 0.1 mg/mL. When evaluated the antioxidant potential, all fractions showed potential in all tests (total antioxidant capacity, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging, ferrous chelation and reducing power), however, the ability to chelate iron ions appears as the main mechanism antioxidant of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed. In antiproliferative assay, all heterofucanas showed dose-dependent activity for the inhibition of cell proliferation of HeLa, however, with the exception of SF-0,7V, SF- 1,0v and SF-1,5v, all fractions showed antiproliferative activity against MC3T3, a normal cell line. The heterofucana SF-1,5V had its antiproliferative mechanism of action evaluated. This heterofucan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells by a pathway caspase independent, promoting the release of apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) in the cytosol, which in turn induces chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation into 50Kb fragments. These results are significant in that they provide a mechanistic framework for further exploring the use of SF-1.5v as a novel chemotherapeutics against human cervical cancer.

Atividades anticoagulante e antioxidante de extratos brutos ricos em polissacarídeos sulfatados das macroalgas marinhas marrons Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii e Dictyopteris delicatula e de Heterofucanas de Canistrocarpus cervicornis

In the present study, extracts rich-sulfated polysaccharides were obtained from three different species of Dictyotales (a class of brown macroalgae): Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii and Dictyopteris delicatula and their anticoagulant and antioxidant activities were evaluated. All extracts showed anticoagulant activity on aPTT assay, but not on PT assay. Extracts also exhibited total antioxidant activity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity and ferric chelating property. The extract from C. cervicornis showed the best results and was choose to have their sulfated polysaccharides fractioned and subsequently analysed. Thus, six fractions (CC-0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7, CC-1.0, CC-1.2 and CC-2.0) were obtained by proteolysis followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Agarose gel eletrophoresis stained with blue toluidine, confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in all fractions. Chemical analyses showed that all fractions presented heterofucans mainly constitued by fucose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. Any fraction changed the PT. However, all fractions were able to double the aPTT on a dose-dependent manner. CC- 0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 needed only 0.100 mg/mL to double the aPTT, result only 1.25 times higher than the Clexane® (0.080 mg/mL), a commercial low molecular heparin. The heterofucans presented appreciable total antioxidant capacity, low capacity on scavenging hydroxyl radical and good efficiency on scavenging superoxide radicals (except CC-1.0). CC-1.2 showed 43.1 % on superoxide radical scavenging. This result was higher than that showed by the same concentration of gallic acid (41.8 %), a known antioxidant. Furthermore, the heterofucans showed excelent activity on ferrous chelating activity (except CC-0.3). CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 showed the highest activities with 47.0 % of ferrous chelating activity, a result 2.0 times lesser than that exhibited by the same concentration of EDTA. These results clearly indicated the beneficial effects of heterofucans extracted from C. cervicornis as potential anticoagulant and antioxidant agents. However additional steps of purification, structural studies, besides in vivo experiments are needed for these fucans may be used as therapeutic agents

Benefícios da utilização de bastões de caminhada durante a marcha em descida

INTRODUÇÃO: Tem vindo a aumentar a evidência que suporta a relação direta entre a prática de atividade física e a ausência de doença, nomeadamente no que concerne à prática de “caminhadas” (ACSM's, 2009). No entanto, existem alguns fatores que podem pôr em causa essa relação direta tornando, por exemplo, uma marcha em declive, numa potencial origem de lesões músculo-esqueléticas (Bohne & Abendroth-Smith, 2007; Schwameder, et al., 1999). Aos poucos, e apesar da pouca evidência existente, a utilização de bastões de caminhada começa a ser vista como uma estratégia para minimizar a sobrecarga articular subjacente, podendo ser vista como um novo instrumento de reabilitação e de melhoria da função/participação dos utilizadores, com o objetivo de alcançar vantagens biomecânicas e fisiológicas (Breyer, et al., 2010; Figard- Fabre, et al., 2010; Fritz, B., et al., 2011; Hartvigsen, et al., 2010; Kukkonen-Harjula, et al., 2007; Mannerkorpi, et al., 2010; Morso, et al., 2006; Oakley, et al., 2008; Sprod, et al., 2005; Wendlova, 2008). OBJETIVO: O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar o comportamento motor de sujeitos do sexo masculino com experiência na utilização de bastões de caminhada relativamente a aspetos cinemáticos, cinéticos e de atividade mioelétrica desenvolvidos durante a marcha em declive com e sem bastões, e desta forma poder perceber se existem benefícios na utilização deste auxiliar e identificá-los. METODOLOGIA: foram selecionados treze sujeitos do sexo masculino (idade: 37±8anos; peso: 75±12Kg; altura: 177±8cm) que utilizam bastões de caminhada, com alguma regularidade (frequência de prática média: 18±24horas/mês), há pelo menos um ano. Foi realizada a análise cinemática (membro inferior e tronco), cinética (componente vertical e antero-posterior) e eletromiográfica (dos músculos vasto lateral, gastrocnémio medial e lateral, tibial anterior, eretores da espinha e tricípite braquial lateral) da marcha em descida, com e sem bastões de caminhada, num plano inclinado com 15° de declive. Para isso foi construída uma rampa em madeira com 1,07m de altura, 1,22m de largura e 4,17m de comprimento. RESULTADOS: a utilização dos bastões de caminhada levou à diminuição da flexão plantar do tornozelo aquando do apoio final e da pré-oscilação; ao aumento da flexão do joelho na resposta à carga, no apoio final, na pré-oscilação e à diminuição da flexão do mesmo no apoio médio; ao aumento da flexão da anca no contato inicial e na resposta à carga. Da leitura dos resultados cinéticos, podemos observar que a utilização dos bastões de caminhada levou ao aumento médio do Tempo de Apoio, do Máximo Ativo, do Tempo de Desaceleração e do Impulso, e a uma diminuição média estatisticamente significativa do Máximo Passivo do Mínimo Passivo. É também possível verificar que a utilização dos bastões levou à diminuição da ativação mioelétrica do gastrocnémio lateral, do vasto lateral e do tibial anterior e ao aumento da ativação do tricípite braquial durante o período de pré-ativação de 120ms, à diminuição da ativação mioelétrica do gastrocnémio lateral e do tibial anterior e ao aumento da ativação do tricípite braquial durante a fase de apoio e durante o período de acomodação mioelétrica de 60ms, assim como à diminuição da ativação mioelétrica do gastrocnémio lateral e do tibial anterior e ao aumento da ativação do tricípite braquial e do eretor da espinha direito durante o tempo de travagem. CONCLUSÕES: os bastões de caminhada podem ser vistos como mais uma das ferramentas à disposição do fisioterapeuta em situações em que a redução de cargas articulares seja necessária, por exemplo em casos de OA do joelho e/ou anca, ou mesmo em situações de pós-lesão ou pós-operatório ligamentar, como sendo um método preventivo, uma vez que apesar dos bastões de caminhada trazerem um aumento do dispêndio energético por parte de cada utilizador, são de todo benéficos na redução da fadiga muscular dos membros inferiores durante uma descida, aumentando por isso a proteção das estruturas passivas. Estes benefícios dever-se-ão também às alterações posturais que se conseguem obter pela utilização dos bastões e às vantagens mecânicas por elas criadas.

Editorial

Se inicia el curso lectivo de 1995 con la charla de la Máster Rita Jiménez, quien compartió su experiencia como bibliotecóloga en la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos. Se refirió a la sobrecarga de información que deben afrontar los bibliotecólogos, porque cada mes deben aprender el manejo de una nueva base de datos.

Caracterização estrutural e avaliação das atividades farmacológicas da fucana B extraída da alga Dictyota menstrualis

Seaweeds are a major source of biologically active compounds . In the extracellular matrix of these organisms are sulfated polysaccharides that functions as structural components preventing it against dehydration. The fraction 0.9 (FucB) rich in sulfated fucans obtained from brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis was chemical characterized and evaluated for pharmacological activity by testing anticoagulant activity, stimulatory action on the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate, antioxidant activity and its effects in cell proliferation. The main components were FucB carbohydrates (49.80 ± 0.10 %) and sulfate (42.30 ± 0.015 %), with phenolic compounds ( 3.86 ± 0.016 %) and low protein contamination ( 0.58 ± 0.001 % ) . FucB showed polydisperse profile and analysis of signals in the infrared at 1262, 1074 and 930 cm -1 and 840 assigned to S = O bonds sulfate esters , CO bond presence of 3,6- anhydrogalactose , β -D- galactose non- sulfated sulfate and the axial position of fucose C4 , respectively. FucB exhibited moderate anticoagulant activity , the polysaccharides prolonged time (aPTT ) 200 ug ( > 90s ) partial thromboplastin FucB no effect on prothrombin time (PT), which corresponds to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation was observed. This stimulation promoted fraction of about 3.6 times the synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) by endothelial cells of the rabbit aorta ( RAEC ) in culture compared with cells not treated with FucB . This has also been shown to compete for the binding site with heparin. The rich fraction sulfated fucans exhibited strong antioxidant activity assays on total antioxidant (109.7 and 89.5 % compared with BHT and ascorbic acid standards ) , reducing power ( 71 % compared to ascorbic acid ) and ferric chelation ( 71 , comparing with 5 % ascorbic acid). The fraction of algae showed cytostatic activity on the RAEC cells revealed that the increase of the synthesis of heparan sulfate is not related to proliferation. FucB showed antiproliferative action on cell lines modified as Hela and Hep G2 by MTT assay . These results suggest that FucB Dictyota menstrualis have anticoagulant , antithrombotic , antioxidant potential as well as a possible antitumor action, promoting the stimulation of the synthesis of antithrombotic HS by endothelial cells and is useful in the prevention of thrombosis, also due to its inhibitory action on species reactive oxygen ( ROS ) in some in vitro systems , being involved in promoting a hypercoagulable state

Extração, caracterização estrutural parcial e atividades farmacológicas do olginato obtido da alga marrom Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Oliveira Filho, 1977

The alginic acid or alginates are acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed widely used in food, cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper proposes the extraction, chemical characterization and verification of the pharmacological activities of brown seaweed variegata Lobophora . The alginate was extracted from the seaweed Lobophora variegata and part was sulphated for comparative purposes. The native extract showed 42% total sugar, 65% uronic acid, 0,36 % protein and 0% of sulfate, while the sulfate showed 39% , 60%, 0.36% and 27,92 % respectively. The presence of a sulfate group may be observed by the metachromasia with toluidine blue in electrophoresis system and characteristic vibration 1262,34 cm-1 in infrared spectroscopy connections assigned to S = O. We observed the formation of films and beads of native alginate, where more concentrated solution 6% resulted in a thicker and more consistent film. Native alginate showed proliferative activity at concentrations (25 and 50 mcg), (50 mg) and (100 mg) in 3T3 cell line in 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively , as the sulfated (100 mg) in 24 . Also showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells of strain, (25 and 100 mg), (25 and 100 mg) and (25, 50 and 100 mg), to native, now for the sulfate concentrations (100 mg) in 24 (25, 50 and 100 mg) in 48 hours, and (50 and 100 mg ) 72h. For their antioxidant activity, the sulfated alginates have better total antioxidant activity reaching 29 % of the native activity while 7.5 % of activity . For the hydroxyl radical AS showed high inhibition ( between 77-83 % ) in concentrations, but the AN surpassed these numbers in the order of 78-92 % inhibition. The reducing power of AN and AS ranged between 39-82 % . In the method of ferric chelation NA reached 100 % chelating while the AS remained at a plateau oscillating 6.5%. However, in this study , we found alginates with promising pharmacological activities, to use in various industries as an antioxidant / anti-tumor compound

Trabalho e família: um estudo da interação de papéis com secretários executivos

The balance between the demands of two important spheres of human life, work and family, has become a challenge due to the pressures of the contemporary that is expanding around the difficulties of reconciling these two comínios. In this sense, this research aimed to understand the work-family interaction in the perception of executive secretaries. The analysis approach used was qualitative research, by worrying about a reality that can not be quantified due to the subjectivity of his goal. The data collection technique used was the semistructured interview to twenty executive secretaries, servants of a Federal Institution of Higher Education. For the understanding and interpretation of the data, we used the technique of content analysis. The results of both analyzes identified the existence of conflict as enrichment in this interaction. The time was identified as the largest generator of conflict work. The overload, relationship stress and conflict emerged as elements common to both domains. As main implications of labor disputes, were revealed: problamas health for secretaries and stress. As main implications of family conflicts emerged: motivation for work, lower performance and lack of concentration. The attempt at balance was identified as the strategy most used by secretaries to minimize work-family conflict. The work-family enrichment was seen as resources that contribute to improving the lives of the secretary in both domains. The opportunity to add knowledge was highlighted as enriching element of work and family values ​​as elements enriching family. The support and experience emerged as enrichment items common to both domains. Regarding the implications of enrichment resulting from the interaction of work and family, the more perceived by respondents were: increased knowledge and skills, material and psychological benefits, improved quality of life and personal and professional fulfillment. From the perception of executive secretaries, work and family spheres of human life are essential and complementary, and that help is contrary, however, this relationship is the primary management of conflicts, ie, how the individual sees and manages the negative side of the work-family