Cytomegalovirus seroepidemiology in an urban community of São Paulo, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: After the era of rubella vaccine, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most frequently causes of mental retardation and congenital deafness. Seroepidemiological studies are necessary to understand the transmission dynamics of the disease. The purpose of the study was to quantify the transmission rate of CMV disease in a community in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Using ELISA test (IgG), a retrospective serological survey looking for CMV antibodies was performed in an non-immunized community. Frozen sera from 443 individuals, randomly selected by cluster sampling technique in the town of Caieiras, São Paulo, were collected from November 1990 to January 1991. Seroprevalence was stratified by age (0-40 years). Mathematical techniques were applied to determine the age-dependent decay function of maternal antibodies during the first year of life, the age-dependent seroprevalence function and the force of infection for CMV in this community. RESULTS: It was observed a descending phase of seropositivity in the first 9 months, but changes in antibody titration were observed between 8 months old and one year of age. The average age of the first infection was 5.02 months of age and 19.84 years, when the age-dependent seroprevalence and the force of infection were analyzed between 10 months of age and 10 years of age and from 10 to 40 years old, respectively. CONCLUSION: CMV infection is highly prevalent among the population studied and infection occurs in the first year of life. This study shows that most women at reproductive age are vulnerable to the first infection, increasing the risk for congenital infection.

Atas do V Encontro do CIED - Escola e Comunidade

Esta publicação contém as comunicações apresentadas no V Encontro do CIED – Escola e Comunidade, nos dias 18 e 19 de novembro de 2011, na Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, organizado pelo CIED, com o apoio da Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa

Effect of the number of shells on the pressure and energy of two-dimensional free bubble clusters

We have performed Surface Evolver simulations of two-dimensional hexagonal bubble clusters consisting of a central bubble of area lambda surrounded by s shells or layers of bubbles of unit area. Clusters of up to twenty layers have been simulated, with lambda varying between 0.01 and 100. In monodisperse clusters (i.e., for lambda = 1) [M.A. Fortes, F Morgan, M. Fatima Vaz, Philos. Mag. Lett. 87 (2007) 561] both the average pressure of the entire Cluster and the pressure in the central bubble are decreasing functions of s and approach 0.9306 for very large s, which is the pressure in a bubble of an infinite monodisperse honeycomb foam. Here we address the effect of changing the central bubble area lambda. For small lambda the pressure in the central bubble and the average pressure were both found to decrease with s, as in monodisperse clusters. However, for large,, the pressure in the central bubble and the average pressure increase with s. The average pressure of large clusters was found to be independent of lambda and to approach 0.9306 asymptotically. We have also determined the cluster surface energies given by the equation of equilibrium for the total energy in terms of the area and the pressure in each bubble. When the pressures in the bubbles are not available, an approximate equation derived by Vaz et al. [M. Fatima Vaz, M.A. Fortes, F. Graner, Philos. Mag. Lett. 82 (2002) 575] was shown to provide good estimations for the cluster energy provided the bubble area distribution is narrow. This approach does not take cluster topology into account. Using this approximate equation, we find a good correlation between Surface Evolver Simulations and the estimated Values of energies and pressures. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sistema Nacional de Inovação em Saúde: relações entre áreas da ciência e setores econômicos

Ciência e tecnologia em saúde constitui-se atualmente objeto de diferentes iniciativas governamentais e acadêmicas. Sua consolidação reclama a identificação de um Sistema Nacional de Inovação em Saúde cuja caracterização depende ainda de um reconhecimento dos setores de atividade econômica envolvidos. Nesse sentido, realizou-se estudo com objetivo de caracterizar as relações entre áreas do conhecimento cientifico e setores de atividade econômica como forma de oferecer um retrato desse Sistema. Foram analisados os registros da versão 4.1 do Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil, tendo sido selecionados todos os grupos que registrassem saúde quer como área do conhecimento ou como setor de atividade. As informações sobre área e setor foram transformadas em variáveis de resposta múltipla e analisadas numa tabela de contingência mediante análise de resíduos, análise de correspondência e análise de cluster. A análise dos dados obtidos mostrou que o Sistema Nacional de Inovação em Saúde caracteriza-se como um sistema setorial onde a competitividade tem conteúdo social maior do que econômico, o que sugere receptividade para políticas públicas assim orientadas, bem como uma desejável identidade com valores com o Sistema Único de Saúde.

A Hexanuclear Mixed-Valence Oxovanadium(IV,V) Complex as a Highly Efficient Alkane Oxidation Catalyst

The new hexanuclear mixed-valence vanadium complex [V3O3(OEt)(ashz)(2)(mu-OEt)](2) (1) with an N,O-donor ligand is reported. It acts as a highly efficient catalyst toward alkane oxidations by aqueous H2O2. Remarkably, high turnover numbers up to 25000 with product yields of up to 27% (based on alkane) stand for one of the most active systems for such reactions.

Body dissatisfaction in Brazilian schoolchildren: prevalence and associated factors

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of body dissatisfaction and associated factors in 8- to 11-year-old schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including children aged 8- to 11-years enrolled in public and private schools in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, was carried out from August to December, 2001. A total of 901 subjects were selected through cluster sampling. Participants answered a questionnaire aimed at measuring body dissatisfaction and self-esteem and questions about family and social pressures on weight change. Height and weight were measured. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and the variables studied was measured by logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 82%. Fifty-five percent of the girls wanted a thinner body size, and 28% desired a larger one; the estimates for the boys were 43% and 38%, respectively. Children with the lowest self-esteem (OR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.13-2.89) and who thought their parents (OR=6.10; 95% CI: 2.95-12.60) and friends (OR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.02-3.20) expected them to be thinner showed a higher chance of presenting body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Body dissatisfaction was highly prevalent among the evaluated schoolchildren, especially in those with lower self-esteem and who thought their parents and friends expected them to be thinner.

A matemática dos antigos V

Retomo o tema do último artigo dedicado ao trabalho desenvolvido por Miguel Gouveia, formador em calcetaria portuguesa e artística. (...) Na Fajã dos Vimes, podemos apreciar outros pormenores interessantes em calçada, desde logo um bule de café, com cinco grãos 3D (figura 3). Miguel colocou em prática a sua veia criativa: "Este é o único sítio da Europa onde se produz café, divinal por sinal, muito melhor do que o normal. Por isso, o local merecia como homenagem um desenho único e original!" (...) Miguel é de opinião que "o cristianismo primitivo também se encontra representado nas festas açorianas em honra ao Divino Espírito Santo. Estas festividades estão relacionadas com o culto da rainha Santa Isabel e com o conhecido milagre das rosas, num apelo ao renascimento de uma época em que a vontade popular era determinante sobre a vontade da nobreza governante. Na Idade Média, a nobreza era representada pela coroa, o clero pela cruz e o povo pelo Espírito Santo; quando se coloca a pomba do Espírito Santo no topo da coroa significa precisamente que se reconhece a soberania da vontade popular relativamente à tomada de decisões sobre os destinos do território governado (figura 6)". (...)

Multiplier adjustment in data envelopment analysis

V Congreso de Eficiencia y Productividad EFIUCO, Córdoba, 19-20 Mayo 2011.

Prevalence of alcohol abuse and associated factors in a population-based study

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence and identify associated factors among demographic, family, socioeconomic and mental health variables. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in the urban area of Campinas, southeastern Brazil, in 2003. A total of 515 subjects, aged 14 years or more were randomly selected using a stratified cluster sample. The Self-Report Questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used in the interview. Prevalences were calculated, and univariate and multivariate logistic analyses performed by estimating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence was 13.1% (95% CI: 8.4;19.9) in men and 4.1% (95% CI: 1.9;8.6) in women. In the final multiple logistic regression model, alcohol abuse/dependence was significantly associated with age, income, schooling, religion and illicit drug use. The adjusted odds ratios were significantly higher in following variables: income between 2,501 and 10,000 dollars (OR=10.29); income above 10,000 dollars (OR=10.20); less than 12 years of schooling (OR=13.42); no religion (OR=9.16) or religion other than Evangelical (OR=4.77); and illicit drug use during lifetime (OR=4.47). Alcohol abuse and dependence patterns were different according to age group. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significantly high prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence in this population. The knowledge of factors associated with alcohol abuse, and differences in consumption patterns should be taken into account in the development of harm reduction strategies.

Determinants of salivary cotinine level: a population-based study in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted to assess, in active smokers, the relationship of number of cigarettes smoked and other characteristics to salivary cotinine concentrations. METHODS: A random sample of active smokers aged 15 years or older was selected using a stepwise cluster sample strategy, in the year 2000 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study included 401 subjects. Salivary cotinine concentration was determined using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. A standard questionnaire was used to collect demographic and smoking behavioral data. The relation between the number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24h and cotinine level was examined by means of a nonparametric fitting technique of robust locally weighted regression. RESULTS: Significantly (p<0.05) higher adjusted mean cotinine levels were found in subjects smoking their first cigarette within five minutes after waking up, and in those smoking 1-20 cigarettes in the last 24h who reported inhaling more than ½ the time. In those smoking 1-20 cigarettes, the slope was significantly higher for those subjects waiting for more than five minutes before smoking their first cigarette after waking up, and those smoking "light" cigarettes when compared with their counterparts. These heterogeneities became negligible and non-significant when subjects with cotinine >40 ng/mL per cigarette were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: There was found a positive association between self-reporting smoking five minutes after waking up, and inhaling more than ½ the time are consistent and higher cotinine levels. These can be markers of dependence and higher nicotine intake. Salivary cotinine proved to be a useful biomarker of recent smoking and can be used in epidemiological studies and smoking cessation programs.

Morbidade por tuberculose e desempenho do programa de controle em municípios brasileiros, 2001-2003

OBJETIVO: Analisar os municípios brasileiros segundo morbidade e desempenho do controle da vigilância epidemiológica de tuberculose e Aids. MÉTODOS: Análise exploratória de dois grupos de clusters não hierárquicos de dados de vigilância epidemiológica de tuberculose e Aids, e indicadores operacionais do Programa Nacional de Controle de Tuberculose, período de 2001 a 2003. A distribuição foi estratificada nas regiões metropolitanas e municípios prioritários, segundo o tamanho da população. A associação entre clusters de morbidade e desempenho foi avaliada pelo qui-quadrado, com análise de resíduos para identificar associações significantes. RESULTADOS: Dos cinco clusters de morbidade, a situação epidemiológica preocupante ocorre nos municípios com alta incidência de Aids, com alta ou baixa incidência de tuberculose, predominantes no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, e nos grandes municípios. Dos seis clusters de desempenho do programa, desempenhos moderado e regular estão significantemente associados aos municípios prioritários, de regiões metropolitanas e com mais de 80 mil habitantes. Clusters regular e fraco concentram 10% dos municípios com abandono de tratamento elevado e baixa taxa de cura. O cluster "sem dados" está associado ao cluster de incidência muito baixa de tuberculose e Aids. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados refletem inadequação da vigilância à realidade epidemiológica do Brasil: precários fatores sociais associados à tuberculose e Aids e desempenho insuficiente do programa de controle.

V Congresso Internacional do Divino Espírito Santo em Maio nos Açores

Na qualidade de Diretora Regional das Comunidades, fomos responsável pela redação dos artigos e coordenação da página "Comunidades Açorianas no Mundo", integrada no jornal Mundo Português, servindo a mesma para a divulgação das atividades realizadas pela Direção Regional Das Comunidades do Governo dos Açores.

On clustering interval data with different scales of measures : experimental results

This article is is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon work non-commercially, and although the new works must also acknowledge & be non-commercial.

Cluster analysis using affinity aoefficient in order to identify religious beliefs profiles

International Scientific Forum, ISF 2013, ISF 2013, 12-14 December 2013, Tirana.