Caracterização da fração de óleo de café extraido de grãos sadios, verdes e preto-verdes, e a influência na adição deste na sensorial de café liofilizado

The application of roasted coffee oil directly on freeze dried soluble coffee is used to minimize the formation of fine poder which adhere on the glass packaging, which results in a negative visual appearance, as well as contributes to the aromatic impact when opening the packaging. The coffee oil is considered a high cost product obtained from Arabica coffee beans, previosly selected and roasted, by mechanical press. In Brazil the coffee culture and marketing results in the selection of the beans by type of defects and beverage, the volume of exportation works with types of coffee beans with low quantity of defects resulting in a large volume of defective coffee beans trading on the domestic market. Nevertheless, coffees which present defective grains like green, black-green beans present differences in the final flavor of the roasted coffees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the oils extracted from grains classified as normal, green and black-green, at natural and roasted conditions. The oil was obtained by cold extraction using solvents of different polarities, and yield was calculated as well as its fatty acid composition. The oil of the roasted defective coffee grains was also used to prepare drinks of lyophilized soluble coffee in order to verify if jugdes were able to differenciate the sensory caracteristics of the beverages, in comparison to the product prepared using commercial oil obtained by mechanical pressing. Samples of oil obtained from defective grains showed similar extraction yields compared to hot extraction. Cromatographs of oils of the deffective grains did not showed differences compared to normal grains. In relation to the sensory analysis of the soluble coffee beverages, it was verified that when applying oils of light roasted black-green beans or oils of medium and dark roasted green beans obtained with rapid process, judges had more difficulties to distinguish differences between samples. Economic viability demonstrated that with the actual prices of the coffee beans, the use of defective beans could reduce in 64% the costs of the raw beans.

Una aproximación a la estimación de los rendimientos de conveniencia y los precios teóricos de futuros del café en Colombia

El sector agrícola ha constituido una de las principales fuentes de ingreso para la economía colombiana; sin embargo, carece de un mercado de derivados financieros sólido que permita proteger a los productores y exportadores frente al riesgo de la volatilidad del precio -- Con esta propuesta se busca estimar los rendimientos de conveniencia y los precios teóricos para los futuros de café en Colombia -- Para este propósito, inicialmente se describe el mercado de café en Colombia y posteriormente se modelan el precio del café y su volatilidad con base en variables como el clima y los niveles de inventario -- Finalmente, se estiman las bandas en las cuales oscilaría el precio en caso de que se cumplan ciertas condiciones de no arbitraje, a partir de la metodología diseñada por Díaz y Vanegas (2001) y complementada por Cárcamo y Franco (2012) -- A manera de ilustración, se incorporan los rendimientos de conveniencia y se expone un caso hipotético en un mercado de café en Colombia

Efeito do café na pressão arterial em pessoas com hipertensão arterial

Contexto: A Hipertensão Arterial (HTA) é uma das principais causas de morte a nível mundial sendo urgente intervir nos seus fatores de risco como forma de prevenção e tratamento. A associação entre a ingestão de café e a HTA tem feito com que os profissionais de saúde o desaconselhem. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do consumo do café na Pressão Arterial (PA) sistólica e diastólica em pessoas adultas e idosas com HTA. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com metanálise que obedeceu aos princípios propostos pelo Cochrane Handbook. A análise crítica, a extração e a síntese dos dados foi efetuada por dois investigadores isoladamente, a metanálise foi realizada com recurso ao software RevMan 5.3.5. Resultados: Foram incluídos três Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados (RCT) e dois estudos de coorte abrangendo 264 e 1919 indivíduos respetivamente. Os resultados da metanálise, que incluiu os RCT, indicam que a ingestão de café com Hidroxihidroquinona (HHQ) reduzida apresenta um efeito benéfico na PA sistólica (MD= -2.60; 95% Cl=-4.81, -0.39; p=0.02) e na PA diastólica (MD= -1.30; 95% Cl=-1.67, -0.93; p<0.01). Os restantes estudos demonstram que na população adulta com HTA o consumo de café não interfere com a PA, contudo o consumo de café superior a três chávenas por dia está associado ao risco de HTA. Nos indivíduos idosos com HTA a ingestão de café superior a três chávenas aumenta a PA e a possibilidade de PA descontrolada. Conclusões: Nos indivíduos com HTA é desaconselhado um consumo de café superior a três chávenas por dia. A ingestão de café com HHQ reduzida é aconselhada. Descritores: Café; Cafeína; Hipertensão; Pressão Arterial.

Hernán López, 24 horas al día pensando en café

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Um café pela natureza, qual a melhor opção

O café é originário das florestas tropicais da Etiópia e do Sudão, crescendo sobre uma canópia diversa. Devido ao facto de haver uma tendência para o desaparecimento do sombreamento tradicional e consequente perda de biodiversidade, os sistemas de certificação oferecem a oportunidade de aproximar objectivos económicos, sociais e ambientais de modo a beneficiar os agricultores. Este estudo tem como objectivo dar a conhecer a todos os intervenientes da cadeia de custódia, principalmente aos consumidores, qual a certificação que podem optar por se a sua principal preocupação quando tomam um café for a natureza. Caracterizou-se o valor ecológico do sistema de produção sustentável e do sistema convencional. Analisaram-se e comparam-se os diferentes critérios ambientais dos sistemas de certificação, através da construção de uma matriz. Os resultados sugerem que a certificação que melhor responde ao pretendido é a Rainforest Alliance, no entanto, a dupla ou tripla certificação parecem ser também boas opções. ABSTRACT; Coffee originates in Ethiopia and Sudan’s ram forests, growing above a diverse canephora. Due to the fact that there is a tendency to the vanishing of traditional shadowing and consequent loss of biodiversity, certification schemes offer the opportunity of bringing together economical, social and environmental goals allowing benefits to farmers. This study aims to bring cognizance to every intervenient of the custody chain, mainly to consumers, which certification scheme to choose if their major concern when drinking a coffee is nature. The ecological value of sustainable production system has been characterized as well as the conventional system. Different environmental criteria of certification schemes have been analysed and compared trough the construction of an evaluation template. Results suggest that the certification that better suits the desired goal is the Rainforest Alliance, but double or triple certification also appear as options that might be followed.

Projeto café do trabalhador como promotor de segurança alimentar e nutricional: avaliação da eficácia da unidade Natal-RN

The evaluation of public policies that promote Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) it s a multidisciplinary activity extremely relevant to the effectiveness of actions to legitimize the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF). This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the unit project Natal-RN Café do Trabalhador in promoting SAN to its users. The theoretical framework is based on the public and political and on the dimensions of the concept of FSN (quantity and quality-regularity). Through a qualitative approach, methodologically this was the work of an evaluation of efficiency of the unit Natal-RN of Café do Trabalhador project in light of the assumptions of the concept of SAN. Data collection was conducted through retrospective archival research in official documents of the project, semi-structured interviews with managers involved in its implementation (representative of the Secretary of State for Employment, Housing and Care of RN SETHAS and third party), socioeconomic questionnaire applied to the users of the unit, check the amount, regularity and quality of meals offered for 15 days (menu routine) using the descriptive form menu and form filling type checklist for verification of compliance with good practices . Methods of analysis, we used content analysis, descriptive statistics and compared to previously established parameters for the project. As categories of analysis were defined organizational arrangement, access, user, food quantity-regularity and food quality. The results show that, it was found in the category arrangement that will implement the project dismissed technical criteria for choosing the districts and the quantitative distribution of meals for each location. It was found that the valuation of the shares of the company outsources technical SETHA has not been performed. We observed in the access category, the unit has a strategic location, but lack of space in the refectory. The main obstacle to economic access for users is the lack of a register for the beneficiaries. In the category of users, it was identified that the clientele of the project it is predominantly men, with more than 51 years, low education, earning wages less 1 obtained through informal employment, which they move up through the unit transport collective, go to all days of operation due primarily to price. About the meals category quantity-regularity of food showed that the menu serves 95% of the desired needs, and that holidays and weekends are periods of disrupting the regularity of supply of meals. Regarding the category of food quality, it was found that the nutritional aspect on the menu are food sources rich in sodium, nitrates and low in fiber. In the aspect of hygiene and sanitation are the main limitations related to waste management, lack of exposure controls of food prepared and inadequacies of the physical structure. The results showed that in general and the institutional arrangement of the organs attached to the project should establish a systematic evaluation project is to establish as a promoter of and FSN overcome these obstacles

Plan de exportación de café procesado hacia Costa Rica. Caso ilustrativo.

Exportadora de Café posee un potencial de crecimiento en el extranjero, existe una oportunidad de desarrollo en la capital de Costa Rica, San José. La fortaleza más grande con la que cuenta la empresa es de poseer una base grande de clientes productores de café que cuentan con un alto grado de lealtad y buena cuota de mercado. Otra de sus fortalezas es la capacidad de respuesta a sus obligaciones a corto plazo. Su principal debilidad es el desconocimiento técnico y especializado en comercialización extranjera, además de un marketing deficiente. Los factores climatológicos y naturales como las distintas plagas son una gran amenaza para la empresa, además de la competencia intensa y aumento de las exportaciones mundiales; sin embargo, se debe tomar la oportunidad que brinda la exportación de café hacia otros países, por medio de la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías y técnicas para elevar la calidad del grano. Se recomienda introducir café en Costa Rica segmentando el mercado meta de la siguiente manera “hombres y mujeres que habiten en San José, Costa Rica, con edades de 18 años en adelante, con ingresos entre ₵ 286.467,36 ($ 541.53) y ₵ 323.978,14 ($ 612.44), que gusten de café y que prefieran comprarlo para preparar en casa a través de supermercados y pulperías que estén cercanas a su lugar de residencia, con una frecuencia de consumo diaria por la mañana y tarde”. En cuanto a las estrategias de marketing mix, en la estrategia del producto se recomienda exportar “Golden Coffee” con un cambio de imagen de la marca: tanto del empaque como del logo, ejecutando las normas del empacado del producto. En la estrategia del “Precio” se aconseja a la empresa establecer un precio similar a la competencia para poder competir con las empresas ya posicionadas en el mercado de Costa Rica. En la parte de la “Plaza” se exhorta a la empresa a ingresar por medio de distribuidores que tengan presencia en el mercado de Costa Rica, para poder llegar a la mayoría de clientes y ser un referente a la hora de comprar café de calidad. En la estrategia de la “Promoción” se sugiere implementar un plan de medios, brindando mecanismos sobre cómo se puede utilizar las diferentes herramientas de comunicación y las temporadas más idóneas de la marca para penetrar en el mercado objetivo. Se brinda un resumen del total de la inversión con el ingreso de la empresa en los cinco años del programa propuesto para Exportadora de café, totalizándose en$125,550.25.Las ventas proyectadas para el primer año son de $ 353,520.00 y para cuando sea el año 2021, las ventas habrán crecido hasta alcanzar los $ 441,900.00 Realizando una evaluación de proyectos financieramente, el valor actual neto de los flujos de efectivo generados es de $ 22,200.58. Por otro lado, la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) es de19%, porcentaje queindica que el proceso exportador es viable en el mercado de San José Costa Rica.

Eficiência e razão de hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja

This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop

Modelo de empresa diversificada de productos innovadores de café gourmet

El presente trabajo de grado consiste en la elaboración de un modelo de empresa diversificada de tres productos innovadores hechos a base de café gourmet: Sirup de café, botanas de semillas de café y café instantáneo gourmet. En el modelo se detalla el estudio de mercado, la factibilidad técnica y el estudio socio económico para la elaboración del modelo

Chapolera recolectando café

Chapolera recolectando café. C. 1970.

Recolector de café

Recolector de café. C. 1990

Recolectores de café

Recolectores de café. C. 1995

Planta de café

Planta de café. observamos sus vivos y hermosos granos. Caicedonia. C. 1980.

PERCEPCIÓN DE LA DEMANDA EN LAS CADENAS AGROALIMENTARIAS: CASOS DE CAFÉ, CHAYOTE Y MELÓN EN COSTA RICA

Al analizar las cadenas agroindustriales encontramos que entre el consumidor final de los mercados de exportación y los  cultivadores en países en desarrollo, existen distintos agentes que componen la cadena global: comercializadores y procesadores internos, exportadores, importadores, procesadores y comercializadores externos, que modifican el producto o le incorporan valor agregado a efecto de satisfacer finalmente al consumidor final. Conocer las características del  negocio en las etapas finales de la cadena es de gran importancia porque el acceso a los mercados internacionales, la participación en los mismos y el porcentaje de apropiación de beneficios por parte de los agentes nacionales participantes en la cadena global está relacionado con dicho nivel de conocimiento y crece al aumentar el grado de satisfacción de lasnecesidades de orden superior que proporciona un producto. Este es un énfasis que metodológicamente ha sido olvidado en los estudios de las cadenas agroindustriales, que tienden a focalizar el análisis en la producción sin considerar  adecuadamente los aspectos de la demanda