999 resultados para aplicação de produtos fitossanitários


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This study examines the complex hotel buyer decision process in front of the tourism distribution channels. Its objective is to describe the influence level of the tourism marketing intermediaries, mainly the travel agents and tour operators, over the hotel decision process by the buyer-tourist. The data collection process was done trough a survey with three hundred brazilian tourists hosted in nineteen hotels of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data analysis was done using some multivariate statistic techniques as correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, factor analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. The research characterizes the hotel services consumers profile and his trip, and identifying the distribution channels used by them. Furthermore, the research verifies the intermediaries influence exercised over hotel buyer decision process, looking for identify causality relations between the influence level and the buyer profile. Verifies that information about hotels available on internet reduces the probability that this influence can be practiced; however it was possible identifying those consumers considers this information complementary and non-substitutes than the information from intermediaries. The characteristics of the data do not allow indentifying the factors that constraint the intermediaries influence neither identifying discriminant functions of the specific distribution channel choice by consumers. The study concludes that consumers don t agree in have been influenced by intermediaries or don t know if they have, still considering important to consult them and internet doesn t substitute their function as information source

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Given the environmental concern over global warming that occurs mainly by emission of CO2 from the combustion of petroleum, coal and natural gas research focused on alternative and clean energy generation has been intensified. Among these, the highlight the solid oxide fuel cell intermediate temperature (IT-SOFC). For application as electrolyte of the devices doped based CeO2 with rare earth ions (TR+ 3) have been quite promising because they have good ionic conductivity and operate at relatively low temperatures (500-800 ° C). In this work, studied the Ce1-xEuxO2-δ (x = 0,1, 0,2 and 0,3), solid solutions synthesized by the polymeric precursor method to be used as solid electrolyte. It was also studied the processing steps of these powders (milling, compaction and two step sintering) in order to obtain dense sintered pellets with reduced grain size and homogeneous microstructure. For this, the powders were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution and scanning electrons microscopy, since the sintered samples were characterized by dilatometry, scanning electrons microscopy, density and grain size measurements. By x-ray diffraction, it was verified the formation of the solid solution for all compositions. Crystallites in the nanometric scale were found for both sintering routes but the two step sintering presented significant reduction in the average grain size

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The mixed metal oxides constitute an important class of catalytic materials widely investigated in different fields of applications. Studies of rare earth nickelates have been carried by several researchers in order to investigate the structural stability afforded by oxide formed and the existence of catalytic properties at room temperature. So, this study aims synthesize the nanosized catalyst of nickelate of lanthanum doped with strontium (La(1-x)SrxNiO4-d; x = 0,2 and 0,3), through the Pechini method and your characterization for subsequent application in the desulfurization of thiophene reaction. The precursor solutions were calcined at 300ºC/2h for pyrolysis of polyester and later calcinations occurred at temperatures of 500 - 1000°C. The resulting powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG), surface area for adsorption of N2 by BET method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (HR_SEM) and spectrometry dispersive energy (EDS). The results of XRD had show that the perovskites obtained consist of two phases (LSN and NiO) and from 700ºC have crystalline structure. The results of SEM evidenced the obtainment of nanometric powders. The results of BET show that the powders have surface area within the range used in catalysis (5-50m2/g). The characterization of active sites was performed by reaction of desulfurization of thiophene at room temperature and 200ºC, the relation F/W equal to 0,7 mol h-1mcat -1. The products of the reaction were separated by gas chromatography and identified by the selective detection PFPD sulfur. All samples had presented conversion above 95%

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Biodiesel is a fuel obtained from vegetable oils, such as soy, castorbean, among others. The monoester of fatty acid of these oils have chains with mono, di and tri double connections. The presence of these insaturations are susceptible to oxidization. Antioxidants are substances able to prevent oxidization from oils, fats, fat foods, as well as esters of Alquila( biodiesel). The objective of this work is to summarize a new antioxidant from the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) using the electrolysis technique. A current of 2 amperes was used in a single cell of only one group and two eletrodos of stainless steel 304 in a solution of methanol, together with the eletrolits: acetic acid, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide, for two hours of agitation. The electrolysis products are characterized by the techniques of cromatography in a thin layer, spectroscopy of infrared and gravimetric analysis. The material was submitted to tests of oxidative stability made by the techniques of spectropy of impendancy and Rancimat (EN 14112). The analyses of characterization suggest that the polimerization of the electrolytic material ocurred. The application results of these materials as antioxidants of soy biodiesel showed that the order of the oxidative stability was obtained by both techniques used

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Atividade física, saúde e bem-estar são temas presentes no dia-a-dia das pessoas. O mercado do Fitness está dinâmico e ativo, quer na comunicação, através das novas tecnologias de informação, quer na especialização da oferta de produtos ou serviços. O Personal training surge como um produto feito á medida do cliente, importante numa sociedade onde a individualidade sobressai, as preferências e necessidades divergem de cliente para cliente. É solicitada uma boa performance constantemente ao profissional, que se pretende traduzida em altas taxas de angariação e retenção. O Balanced Scorecard (BSC), apresenta soluções válidas neste contexto de mercado, já que é uma ferramenta de apoio á gestão estratégica e simultaneamente um sistema de monitorização em tempo real dos indicadores de performance dos profissionais (Personal Trainer) e dos restantes níveis hierárquicos da Organização. Num mercado concorrencial, a valorização do recurso humano tem-se revelado crucial nos resultados alcançados e principal fator de criação de valor e vantagem competitiva, quando bem monitorizada e orientada pela Gestão da Organização. Surge como desafio maior, elaborar, posicionar, implementar, avaliar e medir através deste instrumento (BSC), num contexto laboral diferente (prestadores de serviços) onde já foi aplicado e apurar o nível de desempenho alcançado pela organização orientado nas respetivas visões: financeira, clientes, aprendizagem – crescimento e processos internos.

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With the new discoveries of oil and gas, the exploration of fields in various geological basins, imports of other oils and the development of alternative fuels, more and more research labs have evaluated and characterized new types of petroleum and derivatives. Therefore the investment in new techniques and equipment in the samples analysis to determine their physical and chemical properties, their composition, possible contaminants, especification of products, among others, have multiplied in last years, so development of techniques for rapid and efficient characterization is extremely important for a better economic recovery of oil. Based on this context, this work has two main objectives. The first one is to characterize the oil by thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS), and correlate these results with from other types of characterizations data previously informed. The second is to use the technique to develop a methodology to obtain the curve of evaluation of hydrogen sulfide gas in oil. Thus, four samples were analyzed by TG-MS, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). TG results can be used to indicate the nature of oil, its tendency in coke formation, temperatures of distillation and cracking, and other features. It was observed in MS evaluations the behavior of oil main compounds with temperature, the points where the volatilized certain fractions and the evaluation gas analysis of sulfide hydrogen that is compared with the evaluation curve obtained by Petrobras with another methodology

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The primary cementing is an important step in the oilwell drilling process, ensuring the mechanical stability of the well and the hydraulic isolation between casing and formation. For slurries to meet the requirements for application in a certain well, some care in the project should be taken into account to obtain a cement paste with the proper composition. In most cases, it is necessary to add chemicals to the cement to modify its properties, according to the operation conditions and thus obtain slurries that can move inside the jacket providing a good displacement to the interest area. New technologies of preparation and use of chemicals and modernization of technological standards in the construction industry have resulted in the development of new chemical additives for optimizing the properties of building materials. Products such as polycarboxylate superplasticizers provide improved fluidity and cohesion of the cement grains, in addition to improving the dispersion with respect to slurries without additives. This study aimed at adapting chemical additives used in civil construction to be used use in oilwell cement slurries systems, using Portland cement CPP-Special Class as the hydraulic binder. The chemical additives classified as defoamer, dispersant, fluid loss controller and retarder were characterized by infrared absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and technological tests set by the API (American Petroleum Institute). These additives showed satisfactory results for its application in cement slurries systems for oil wells. The silicone-based defoamer promoted the reduction of air bubbles incorporated during the stirring of the slurries. The dispersant significantly reduced the rheological parameters of the systems studied. The tests performed with the fluid loss controller and the retarder also resulted in suitable properties for application as chemical additives in cement slurries

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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel, renewable, biodegradable and nontoxic. The transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fat with alcohol is most common form of production of this fuel. The procedure for production of biodiesel occurs most commonly through the transesterification reaction in which catalysts are used to accelerate and increase their income and may be basic, acid or enzyme. The use of homogeneous catalysis requires specific conditions and purification steps of the reaction products (alkyl ester and glycerol) and removal of the catalyst at the end of the reaction. As an alternative to improve the yield of the transesterification reaction, minimize the cost of production is that many studies are being conducted with the application of heterogeneous catalysis. The use of nano-structured materials as catalysts in the production of biodiesel is a biofuel alternative for a similar to mineral diesel. Although slower, can esterify transesterified triglycerides and free fatty acids and suffer little influence of water, which may be present in the raw material. This study aimed at the synthesis, characterization and application of nano-structured materials as catalysts in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil to produce biodiesel by ethylic route. The type material containing SBA-15 mesoporous lanthanum embedded within rightly Si / La = 50 was used catalyst. Solid samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption. For the transesterification process, we used a molar ratio of 20:1 alcohol and oil with 0.250 g of catalyst at 60°C and times of 6 hours of reaction. It was determined the content of ethyl esters by H-NMR analysis and gas chromatography. It was found that the variable of conversion obtained was 80%, showing a good catalytic activity LaSBA-15 in the transesterification of vegetable oils via ethylic route

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The program PROBIODIESEL from the Ministry of Science and Technology has substantially increased glycerine, obtained as a sub-product of biodiesel production process, making it necessary to seek alternatives for the use of this co-product. On the other hand, herbicides although play a role of fundamental importance in the agricultural production system in force, have been under growing concern among the various segments of society because of their potential environmental risk. In this work, we used glycerin in microemulsion systems for application of herbicides, to improve efficiency and lower environmental pollution caused by the loss of those products to the environment. To obtain the systems of microemulsinados were used Unitol L90 NP and Renex 40 as surfactants, butanol as co-surfactant, coconut oil as oil phase and aqueous phase as we used solutions of glycerin + water. Through the determination of phase diagrams, the microemulsion region was found in the system E (L90 Unitol, coconut oil and glycerin + water 1:1). Three points were chosen to the aqueous phase rich in characterization and application in the solubilization of glyphosate and atrazine. Three experiments were performed in Horta, Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Science Sector, UFERSA, Mossoró-RN. The first experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks with 20 treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of the herbicide glyphosate (0.0, 0.45, 0.9, 1.35 and 1.8 L ha-1) diluted with four sauces: C1, C2, C3 (microemulsions) and C4 (water). The phytotoxicity of Brachiaria brizantha was measured at 7, 14, 28 and 60 DAA (days after application). At 60 DAA, we evaluated the biomass of plants. The second experiment was developed in randomized complete blocks with 20 treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of five doses of the herbicide atrazine (0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 L ha-1) diluted with four sauces: C1, C2, C3 (microemulsions) and C4 (water). The phytotoxicity on Zea mays and Talinum paniculatum was evaluated at 2, 7, 20 DAA. The experiment III was developed in randomized complete blocks with 16 treatments and three repetitions. The treatments consisted of 16 combinations among the constituents of the microemulsion: Unitol L90 surfactant (0.0, 1.66, 5.0, 15 %) and glycerin (0.0, 4.44, 13.33 and 40.0 %). The phytotoxicity on Zea mays was evaluated at 1, 7 and 14 DAA. At 14 DAA, we evaluated the biomass of plants. The control plants using the microemulsions was lower than in the water due to the poisoning caused by the initial microemulsions in the leaves of the plants, a fact that hinders the absorption and translocation of the herbicide. There was no toxicity in Zea mays plants caused by the herbicide, however, were highly intoxicated by microemulsions. T. paniculatum was better controlled in spraying with the microemulsions, regardless of the dose of the herbicide. The glycerine did not cause plant damage. Higher poisoning the plants are caused by tensoactive Unitol L90 and higher rates occur with the use of higher concentrations of surfactant and glycerin, or microemulsion. The microemulsions used hampered the action of glyphosate in controlling B. brizantha and caused severe poisoning in corn, and these poisonings attributed mainly to the action of surfactant

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A rotulagem é uma forma legal que assegura a defesa e a proteção do consumidor. O rótulo presta todas as informações necessárias e importantes que levam à decisão desse consumidor, consoante as suas necessidades sejam elas de saúde ou nutricionais, por um ou outro género alimentício. Além de favorecer um correto armazenamento, preparação e consumo dos alimentos (aumentando a segurança alimentar). É de elevada importância que a legislação relativa à rotulagem seja atualizada, acompanhando a evolução e as exigências da sociedade. Neste sentido, foi pulicado o Regulamento (UE) n.º 1169/2011 relativo à informação aos consumidores sobre os géneros alimentícios que veio alterar os regulamentos (CE) n.º1924/2006 e (CE) n.º1925/2006 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho e revoga as Diretivas 87/250/CEE da Comissão, 90/496/CEE do Conselho, 1999/10/CE da Comissão, 2000/13/CEE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, 2002/67/CE da Comissão e o Regulamento (CE) n.º 608/2004 da Comissão. Este regulamento teve como principais objetivos atualizar e consolidar a legislação sobre rotulagem geral e nutricional, eliminar as incoerências entre diferentes atos legislativos, facilitar a livre circulação dos géneros alimentícios entre Estados Membros e clarificar as responsabilidades dos diferentes intervenientes da cadeia alimentar. A adoção deste novo regulamento consistiu num marco importante na legislação relativa à rotulagem, implicando novas obrigações para as empresas. Foi neste contexto que se desenvolveu este estágio, num curto espaço de tempo alterou-se todos os rótulos “marca Auchan” para permanecerem em conformidade com a lei. A adaptação foi efetuada em cerca de 1000 rótulos, de vários setores da área alimentar, nomeadamente leite e derivados, carne, produtos da pesca, ovos, etc. Todo o trabalho ficou concluído ao final de 1 ano e 4 meses, sendo que o deadline estipulado foi cumprido e todos os rótulos foram corrigidos antes do regulamento ter tido aplicação obrigatória (dia 13 de dezembro de 2014). Conclui-se que a metodologia de correções aplicada teve um grau de sucesso de 100 %, pois não houve alterações posteriores (devido a erros cometidos) ao término de qualquer rótulo. Também se pode afirmar que o regulamento, apesar de vir simplificar e harmonizar o tema da rotulagem de géneros alimentícios, ainda deixou algumas lacunas, remetendo sempre para medidas nacionais.

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Hoje em dia, a indústria do pescado enfrenta muitos desafios e oportunidades, uma vez que o peixe é um alimento extremamente perecível em comparação com outros produtos. Por outro lado, este setor gera uma elevada quantidade de subprodutos, das operações tradicionais de filetagem ou de corte em postas. O aproveitamento desses subprodutos assume assim uma importância muito grande, pois minimiza os problemas de produção e custo unitário das matérias-primas. A maior justificação, porém é de ordem nutricional, pois os subprodutos são uma fonte de nutrientes de baixo custo. Estes subprodutos ou partes subvalorizadas são ricos em proteínas de alto valor biológico e ricos em ácidos gordos polinsaturados da série ómega 3. Acrescenta ainda a presente conjetura económica, desfavorável às empresas do ramo alimentar portuguesas, principalmente às empresas de pescado (devido ao aumento progressivo no preço da matéria-prima) e, urge assim, valorizar os subprodutos e aumentar o tempo de vida útil do pescado fresco, no sentido de revitalizar o mercado. A utilização de revestimentos comestíveis é um método promissor que permite proteger a qualidade dos produtos da pesca, aumentando o tempo de prateleira, sem comprometer a frescura. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de revestimentos à base de gelatina de pele de atum (Thunnus obesus) (5%) com incorporação de extrato de algas (Codium spp e Fucus vesiculosus) (1%) na qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de atum fresco, durante o armazenamento (12 dias a 4°C). Foram desenvolvidas três soluções de revestimento à base de gelatina extraída de peles de atum (G), com ou sem incorporação de extratos de macroalgas (Codium spp (GC) e Fucus vesiculosus (GF)). O método de extração de gelatina a partir de peles de atum foi selecionado com base no rendimento do processo. Os revestimentos foram aplicados por aspersão aos lombos de atum fresco. Ao longo de 12 dias de armazenamento a 4 ± 1°C foram efetuadas várias análises físicas e químicas às postas de atum para poder avaliar o efeito dos revestimentos na manutenção da qualidade do produto. O trabalho realizado demonstrou que a metodologia de extração utilizada permite obter um rendimento na ordem dos 29%. Os revestimentos desenvolvidos juntamente com uma temperatura de armazenamento de 4 °C mostram ser a boa opção para manter os parâmetros de tempo de prateleira do atum durante 12 dias. O teor de azoto básico volátil e o número total de microrganismos apresentam valores inferiores aos limites máximos recomendados, a cor vermelha mantém-se durante mais dias e o valor de pH mantém-se inferior ao controlo para as amostras com revestimento ao fim dos 12 dias. Em suma, a utilização de revestimentos à base de gelatina de peles de atum pode ser uma boa opção para prolongar o tempo de prateleira do atum refrigerado. Por outro lado, o aproveitamento dos subprodutos comestíveis das operações de transformação do atum assume uma importância muito grande, pois minimiza os problemas de produção e custo unitário das matérias-primas.

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O presente relatório enquadra-se no âmbito da unidade curricular de Projeto do mestrado em Engenharia Informática – Computação Móvel da Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria. O objetivo deste relatório é descrever o processo referente aos 9 meses do estágio que foi realizado na empresa Sinmetro, Lda e o trabalho desenvolvido nesse estágio. Neste relatório poderão ser encontradas informações sobre o local de estágio, o trabalho desenvolvido e as conclusões tiradas após o término do estágio. O objetivo do estágio foi o de criar uma aplicação Web que facilite a gestão e controlo da produção de produtos pré-embalados por parte dos produtores e fornecedores, focando-se maioritariamente na apresentação de dados visuais na forma de tabelas e gráficos. Esta aplicação complementa o software ACCEPT, criado pela Sinmetro, apresentando muitas das funcionalidades já existentes, transportando-o para o ambiente Web.

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queda das folhas da macieira faz parte do processo de senescência e pode ocorrer naturalmente, ou por meio de indução, com a utilização de desfolhantes artificiais. Diversos produtos podem ser utilizados para a realização da desfolha química. No entanto, alguns podem influenciar na brotação e nas reservas nutricionais da planta para o novo ciclo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da concentração de ácido abscísico (ABA) e etefom, aplicados isoladamente ou associados, sobre a efetividade de desfolha química em mudas de macieira ?Maxi Gala?.

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A cultura da maçã (Malus domestica Borkh.) obteve êxito no Brasil. Os estados do Sul destacam-se em sua produção, onde na safra de 2016 produziram 1.032.079 toneladas (IBGE, 2016). As cultivares Gala e Fuji são responsáveis por 90% da produção de maçãs no Sul do Brasil (SILVEIRA et al., 2013). Entretanto, outras cultivares podem ser utilizadas para diversificar o mercado de maçãs, como os frutos da cultivar Pink Lady® , que são muito atrativos e de coloração rosa-avermelhada, uniformes e sobre fundo verde-amarelado (FIORAVANÇO et al., 2011). A coloração da epiderme dos frutos é um atributo bastante valorizado pelos consumidores no momento da compra de maçãs. Alguns produtos podem ser utilizados em pré-colheita para melhorar esse atributo. Entre eles, o ácido bórico. Resultados de pesquisa constataram que as aplicações foliares de boro podem afetar tanto a qualidade quanto a capacidade de conservação dos frutos (NACHTIGALL; CZERMAINSKI, 2014). Por isso, é importante verificar a utilização de ácido bórico em pré-colheita e seus efeitos na qualidade pós-colheita de maçãs. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de ácido bórico em aplicações pré-colheita em maçãs ?Pink Lady® ? e verificar suas implicações nos atributos pós-colheita dos frutos na região de Vacaria/RS, no ciclo produtivo de 2015/2016.

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BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.