Laparoscopy in uterine cervical cancer. Current state and literature review

Cervical cancer remains the most frequent gynecological tumor in Brazil and other developing countries. Minimally invasive techniques, especially laparoscopy, have been increasingly employed in such tumors. This article aims to describe the main applications of laparoscopy in the treatment and staging of cervical cancer. In the early stages, it is possible to provide a fertility-preserving surgery in the form of radical trachelectomy and, in a study protocol, the function-preserving surgery, avoiding parametrectomy and the associated morbidity. A fully laparoscopic radical hysterectomy is fairly standard in the literature and has the tendency to become the standard of care in early cases, for patients who want to bear no more children. In advanced stages, minimally invasive surgery can offer ovarian transposition, with intent to prevent actinic castration, without upsetting the time for the start of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Staging laparoscopic surgery, including pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, has been the subject of studies, since it has the potential to modify the extension of radiotherapy depending on the extent of lymph node spread.

Effects of a Financial Transaction Tax - Do Transaction Costs Lower Volatility?: A Literature Review

In this literature review the theorethical framework of Financial transaction taxes and their assumed effect on market volatility is assessed. The empirical evidence from various studies is compared against the theory and a simple empirical review of the Finnish stock market is conducted. The findings implicate that financial transaction taxes can not reduce volatility and their actual effect on markets is dependend by many other factors as well. Some evidence even suggests that transactions taxes may actually raise volatility.

A systematic literature review on agile project

In the 21st century, agile project management (APM) has emerged as a major evolutionary step in the area of software project management. APM is defined as a conceptual framework, consisting of various methods such as Scrum, quick respond to change, better customer collaboration, minimum coverage of documentation and extreme programming (XP) that facilitates to produce working software in multiple iterations with team work. Because agile project management has become more popular in the software industry in recent years, it constitutes an interesting and comprehensive research topic. This thesis presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of published research articles concerning agile project management. Based on a predefined search strategy, 273 such articles were identified, of which 44 were included in the review. The selected 44 articles were published between years 2005 and 2012. The thesis defines a review process by developing a review protocol and presenting the results of the review. The results are expected to provide researchers, software man

Sawfly larval poisoning in cattle: Report on new outbreaks and brief review of the literature

Sawfly larval poisoning (SLP) is an acute hepatotoxicosis documented in livestock in Australia, Denmark and in countries of South America. It is caused by the ingestion of the larval stage of insects of the suborder Symphyta, order Hymenoptera, commonly known as "sawfly". Three species of sawfly are reportedly involved in the toxicosis. The insect involved in Australian SLP is Lophyrotoma interrupta (Pergidae), in Denmark the cause of SLP is the ingestion of the larvae Arge pullata (Argidae), and in South American countries documented outbreaks of SLP were caused by the ingestion of yet another sawfly, Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae). In all geographical areas where it occurred, SLP causes important livestock losses. In cattle, as well as in other affected species, the disease has a short clinical course and in many outbreaks affected cattle can be found dead. When observed, clinical signs include apathy, recumbence, tremors, paddling movements and death in 24-48 hours. Neurological signs such aggressiveness attributable to hepatic encephalopathy are also observed. In cases with a more protracted course icterus and photodermatitis may develop. Gross findings included ascites, petechiae and ecchymosis over serosal surfaces of thoracic and abdominal cavities, and an enlarged liver that displays accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema of the gall bladder wall. Sawfly larval body fragments and heads are consistently found in the fore stomachs and occasionally abomasum of affected cattle. Main microscopic lesions are restricted to the liver and consist of centrolobular (periacinar) to massive hepatocellular necrosis. In most lobules necrotic areas extended up to the portal triads where only a few viable hepatocytes remain. Mild to moderate lymphocyte necrosis is seen in lymphatic tissues. Cases occur in the winter months when the larval stages of the sawfly are developing. D-amino acid-containing peptides have been found to be the toxic principle in each sawfly involved in SLP. The octapeptide lophyrotomin is the major toxin in the in the larvae of Australian and Danish sawflies and is present in small amounts in the larvae of South American sawfly. The heptadecapeptide pergidin is the main toxin in the South American sawfly while small amounts of pergidin have been found in the other two species of toxic sawfly. During the winter of 2011 (July-August) four outbreaks of SLP were diagnosed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The findings in those outbreaks are reported here and a brief review of the literature regarding SLP around the world is provided.

Improving quality at the preanalytical phase of blood sampling : literature review

Julkaisumaa: 158 TW TWN Taiwan

La traduzione della letteratura per l���infanzia dal finlandese all���italiano: l���esempio degli albi illustrati di Mauri Kunnas

Despite the increasing number of research on translating for children, no study has so far taken into consideration the translations of children���s literature from Finnish into Italian. This dissertation sets out to fill this gap with a comparative study of Finnish picturebooks and their translations into Italian. Besides being the first research in the field analysing the shifts between these two systems, the study thoroughly investigates the characteristics of the translation process of picturebooks. The works chosen as case study are the Finnish picturebooks by Mauri Kunnas and their Italian translations from the period 1979-2009 because they are characterized by a high number of linguistic and cultural complexities which challenge translators��� skills and knowledge. The dissertation establishes whether and how culture-specific elements (anthroponyms, toponyms, food and allusions) and the word-image interaction have a significant impact on the quality and the nature of the target works, and also whether these aspects are still consistent after the translation and the adaptation process to the target system. Since picturebooks are multimodal texts whose message is produced by both the verbal and the visual, it has been necessary to use a multimodal comparative analysis. Such a descriptive comparative study has allowed me to describe the textual and cultural manipulations undergone by Kunnas���s picturebooks translated into Italian. Indeed, it has helped to identify what kind of shifts occur when cultural specific elements are transferred from the source system to the target one, to determine the most frequent translation strategies used to ensure a higher degree of readability, and to establish whether particular translation choices have contributed to modify the word-image interaction. The results of the multimodal comparative analysis have shown that Italian translators have been deeply influenced by the preponderance of the illustrations and for this reason they have often verbalised the visual and added information not originally contained in the source written text. Moreover, the findings of the analysis together with the interviews to the Italian translator and publishing house have also demonstrated that the latter aimed at producing works ���good for the child��� ��� and at the same time ���good for the adult��� ��� and at minimizing Finnish cultural specificity, even to the detriment of the aesthetic nature of the original picturebooks.

Environmental and physiological factors that affect the efficacy of herbicides that inhibit the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase: a literature review

Herbicides that inhibit the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) are usually effective to control dicotyledonous weeds and their agronomic efficacy is affected by environmental and physiological factors. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge of those factors available in the scientific literature in the last decade. Environmental factors that influence PROTOX inhibitors include temperature, irradiance and relative humidity. The most relevant physiological factors are the activity of enzymes that can detoxify herbicides and also of enzymes that mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in plants. The study also suggests some possible management strategies that could optimize the activity of PROTOX-inhibiting herbicides.

OpenAIRE Guidelines for Literature Repositories, Data Archives and CRIS managers

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Targeted Annotation of Scientific Literature and Data Resources in Invenio Digital Libraries

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Grey literature, green open access: the BLDS Digital Library

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Handbook of oriental collections in Finland: manuscripts, xylographs, inscriptions, and Russian minority literature

Addenda: Turcica, Arabica, Persica and Caucasica. Studia Orientalia, vol. 64, 1988.

Women or Girls in Reality Television? Translating References to Females in the Reality Dating Show Love Connection

T��ss�� sivuaineen tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, miten naisiin viittaavat sanat on k����nnetty suomalaisen, mutta p����osin englanniksi puhutun Love Connection -tosi-tvohjelman suomenkielisiss�� tekstityksiss��. Tavoitteena on selvitt����, mill�� tavoin suomen ja englannin puhekielen erot naispuolisiin henkil��ihin viitattaessa n��kyv��t ruututeksteiss��, ja millaisia k����nn��sstrategioita ohjelman k����nt��j�� on sarjaa suomentaessaan k��ytt��nyt. Lis��ksi tv-ohjelmassa tehtyj�� naisiin kohdistuvia viittauksia verrataan ohjelman englanninkielisess�� mainoslehtisess�� k��ytettyihin naisiin viittaaviin sanoihin. Tutkimuksen prim����rimateriaali koostui Love Connection -tv-sarjan 12 osasta sek�� niiden suomenkielisest�� tekstityksest��, ohjelman Yhdysvaltoihin suunnatusta mainoslehtisest�� sopivien osallistujien l��yt��miseksi sek�� sarjan k����nt��j��n haastattelusta. Tutkimus toteutettiin sek�� kvalitatiivisin ett�� kvantitatiivisin menetelmin. Tv-ohjelman jaksoista litteroitiin englanninkielinen puhe ja suomenkielinen tekstitys niilt�� osin kuin v��hint����n toisessa esiintyi viittaus naispuoliseen henkil����n, kuten woman/nainen tai girl/tytt��. Aineistosta poimitut viittaukset sijoitettiin l��hdekirjallisuuden pohjalta luotuihin kategorioihin sen mukaan, millaista k����nn��sstrategiaa niihin oli sovellettu. Lis��ksi tarkasteltiin, millaisia eroja sovelletuissa k����nn��sstrategioissa ilmeni ohjelman osallistujien tekemien viittausten v��lill�� sek�� toisaalta yksil��haastattelujen ja keskustelutilanteiden v��lill��. Analyysi ja k����nt��j��n haastattelu osoittivat, ett�� suurin osa viittauksista k����nnettiin suomeksi l��himm��ll�� semanttisella vastineella, mutta my��s poistoja ja korvauksia esimerkiksi pronominilla oli tekstityksen vaatimien tila- ja aikarajoitusten vuoksi k��ytetty runsaasti. Merkitt��vin tutkimushavainto oli, ett�� joissakin yhteyksiss�� englannin kielen sana girl oli k����nnetty suomeksi sanalla nainen suoran k����nn��svastineen sijasta, koska suomen kielen sana tytt�� ei kyseisiss�� konteksteissa olisi soveltunut k��ytett��v��ksi aikuisesta naisesta puhuttaessa. Suomalaisten tuottajien laatimassa englanninkielisess�� mainoksessa esiintyi suurelta osin kuvaannollisia, sukupuolineutraaleja henkil��viittauksia, eik�� girl-sanaa k��ytetty kertaakaan. Audiovisuaalisten k����nn��sten kautta v��littyv���� naiskuvaa viihdegenren televisioohjelmissa on toistaiseksi tutkittu v��h��n, joten jatkotutkimusten kannalta vaihtoehtoja on runsaasti. Tulosten laajemman sovellettavuuden arvioimiseksi naisten puhuttelua voisi tutkia tarkemmin muissa, kansainv��lisesti tunnetuissa tositv-formaateissa esimerkiksi vertailemalla eri maissa esitett��vi�� ohjelmaversioita.