Germinação de sementes de pau-ferro submetidas a diferentes condições de armazenamento, escarificação química, temperatura e luz

Caesalpinia leiostachya (Benth.) Ducke (pau-ferro) é uma planta arbórea nativa do Brasil, cujas sementes possuem dormência causada pela impermeabilidade do tegumento à água. Neste trabalho foram conduzidos dois experimentos, nos quais foram utilizados diferentes períodos de escarificação em ácido sulfúrico concentrado para superar a dormência das sementes. No primeiro experimento, sementes coletadas em agosto de 1997 foram armazenadas por oito meses em ambiente não controlado no interior do próprio fruto, e em câmara seca após serem extraídas dos frutos; a seguir, elas foram imersas em ácido sulfúrico por 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 e 80min e colocadas para germinar nas temperaturas constante de 25ºC e alternada de 20-30°C, sob fotoperíodo de 8h. No segundo experimento, sementes extraídas de frutos recém-coletados em agosto de 1998 foram imersas em ácido sulfúrico por 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 60min, seguido do teste de germinação conduzido nas mesmas temperaturas do experimento anterior, na ausência e presença de luz. Foram avaliados a porcentagem final e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes. Os resultados mostraram que (a) a manutenção das sementes no interior dos frutos é uma alternativa viável para o armazenamento durante o período adotado; (b) as sementes recém-coletadas são indiferentes à luz, nas duas temperaturas testadas; (c) as sementes recém-coletadas e as armazenadas germinam em maior velocidade a 25ºC; (d) em sementes armazenadas, a imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 10min é suficiente para superar a dormência; (e) em sementes recém-coletadas, a imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 20 a 30min favorece a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinação.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Psidium cattleianum sabine acondicionadas e armazenadas em diferentes condições

Sementes de Psidium cattleianum foram acondicionadas em embalagens permeável, semipermeável e impermeável e armazenadas em ambiente não controlado, câmara seca e câmara fria por 1.107 dias, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica. Desde o início do armazenamento das sementes, e após cada período de 123 dias, foram avaliados o teor de água, a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação e a condutividade elétrica da solução de embebição. Nos testes de germinação e de condutividade elétrica, as sementes foram previamente imersas em ácido sulfúrico durante 25 minutos, depois lavadas em água corrente e em água destilada. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar, entre vermiculita, na temperatura alternada de 20-30 ºC, sob lâmpadas fluorescentes brancas, com fotoperíodo de 8 horas. O acondicionamento das sementes em embalagem impermeável e o armazenamento em ambiente natural de laboratório ou em câmara seca, bem como o acondicionamento em embalagem semipermeável e armazenamento em câmara fria, são adequados para a conservação das sementes durante 1.107 dias.

Validação de conteúdo do instrumento para consulta de enfermagem na visita domiciliar às pessoas com lesão medular: um enfoque no autocuidado

This study aimed to validate the contents of an Instrument for Nursing Consultation in the Home Visit of people with Spinal Cord Injury (INCEVDOP-LM), based on the Self-Care Deficit Theory. The methodological development study was conducted with spinal cord injured (SCI) people ascribed in the Family Health Units the city of Natal/RN/Brazil, and with the nurses of these institutions. The study was conducted from Januray 2012 to January 2013 in two phases: the first aimed to identify the need for self-care of persons with SCI, and the second to develop and validate the INCEVDOP-LM. The first phase consisted of a census study of people with SCI living in Natal/RN. In the second phase, a non-probabilistic convencience sample of subjects was selected to form two groups: First stage - Group 1 of the first stage was comprised by 73 adults with SCI diagnosed with paraplegia or tetraplegia, with cognitive function preserved and that were registered to some family health unit; Group 2 of the Second phase was composed of six experts that were nurses with doctoral formation, scientific experience in the area of technology development or assistance to persons with SCI, and with publications in periodicals Qualis A2. Data collection of the first phase was conducted through home visits of people with SCI that responded three instruments: Questionnaire I (comprised of demographic and socioeconomic variables), The Competency Rating Scale for Self-care (ASA) and the Barthel Index (an instrument for evaluation of functional capacity). The research for the second phase was conducted in two stages: I-construction of the INCEVDOP LM; II-validation of the INCEVDOP-LM. The instrument and an evaluation form were forwarded to the experts for the validation. The correlations between the responses were analyzed by the Kappa test, with accepting values of>0.75. The evaluation criteria were: organization, clarity, simplicity, readability, appropriateness of vocabulary, objectivity, accuracy, reliability and suitability and the positive responses with frequency values of≥90% were considered excellent. The chi-square test was used to investigate the differences between proportions. The study attended to the principles of Human Rights CNS Resolution 196/96. Results were reported by means of four articles derived from the study. The findings indicate that the items that showed disagreement among experts (k=0.02) were diagnoses, interventions and evaluation of the nursing features pertaining to the domains of Nutrition, Hygiene, Elimination, Physical, Social and Psychological, and of the Ability to perform work activities feature. Agreement among the experts were reported for the other items, with kappa ranging from 0.72 to 1. After removing items with disagreement, all criteria achieved excellent rates and no significant differences were observed between the proportions of responses of evaluation of experts (p>0.05). We conclude that the instrument shows validity to serve as a guide for nurses to conduct a systematic consultation during the home visit to people with spinal cord injury, with emphasis on self-care. The instrument must go through other levels of validation when applied in the clinical setting

Validação de instrumentos para avaliação do conhecimento e da habilidade acerca da higienização simples das mãos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Validação de instrumentos para avaliação da habilidade e do conhecimento acerca da medida da pressão arterial

This study aimed to validate tools for evaluating the ability and knowledge about blood pressure (BP) among nursing students. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and methodological study accomplished at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) and a private university of the state. The sample consisted of 27 judges of research selected from the inclusion criteria: nursing, teachers of the semiology and/or semiotics discipline, with at least 1 year of experience, being from UFRN, EEN, UERN and private university of the state and and agree to participate voluntarily with the signing of the consent form. The research was development in three stages: construction of two instruments based on the scientific literature, resulting in a structured checklist consists of 28 items and a knowledge questionnaire with 12 questions; submission of the instruments to the judges, in the period from June to September 2012, which should evaluate each item in appropriate , appropriate with changes and inappropriate , addition to making an overall assessment of each instrument based on 10 requirements; validation and verification to the level of agreement among the judges, through the application of Kappa and Content Validity Index (CVI). Was used the consensus level greater than 0.61 (good) to the Kappa index and greater than 0.75 for CVI. Was approved by the Ethics in Research / HUOL. After being coded and tabulated, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of the 27 judges who evaluated the instrument, 77.8% are female, with a mean age of 36.6 (± 9.0) years, 63.0% worked in UFRN, 74.1% had academic master and 63.0% worked exclusively on teaching. Average length of teaching experience was 7.9 (± 8.0) years and in the semiology and/or semiotics discipline of 5.5 (± 6.7) years. In the judgment of structured checklist and questionnaire of knowledge about blood pressure mensurement any item/question was considered inappropriate since all obtained level of agreement within the indices established (CVI> 0,75 E Kappa> 0.61). In relation to structured checklist, of those 28 items present, 9 showed perfect concordance index (CVI = 1.00, Kappa = 1.00) and another 19 were considered appropriate with changes, especially with regard to clarity and vocabulary. In the questionnaire of knowledge, among the 12 questions that comprised, 7 had perfect concordance index and the others were considered appropriate with changes as requirements as clarity, vocabulary, and feasible sequence of instructional topics. In terms of a overall evaluating of instruments, the structured checklist got CVI of 0.94 and Kappa of 0.89 and the knowledge questionnaire, CVI of 0.97 and a kappa of 0.94. Both instruments proved to be valid as to their content, configuring it as clear and objective tools of assessment of knowledge and ability on blood pressure, being of nursing students as well as others students and health professionals, since the use of valid measures seeking to reduce the risk of distorting the results

Validação de conteúdo de instrumentos sobre conhecimento e habilidade em sondagem nasogástrica

Este estudo teve como objetivo construir e validar conteúdo de instrumentos avaliativos sobre conhecimento e habilidade de enfermagem no procedimento de sondagem nasogástrica. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico realizado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) e na Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN). A amostra foi composta por 23 juízes, selecionados a partir dos critérios de inclusão: serem enfermeiros, docentes nas disciplinas de Semiologia e/ou Semiotécnica de Enfermagem, ter no mínimo um ano de experiência nestas disciplinas e ser das instituições selecionadas para o estudo. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em três etapas: (A) construção de dois instrumentos com base na revisão da literatura que resultou em um roteiro de observação da habilidade estruturado composto por 28 itens e um questionário sobre o conhecimento com 12 questões; (B) submissão dos instrumentos aos juízes, no período de junho a setembro de 2012, os quais deveriam julgar cada item como adequado , adequado com alterações ou inadequado , além de fazer uma avaliação geral de cada instrumento baseada em 10 critérios adaptados do referencial metodológico de Pasquali; e (C) validação com a verificação do nível de concordância entre os juízes, por meio da aplicação do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e do Índice Kappa. Utilizou-se o nível de consenso maior que 0,75 para o IVC e maior que 0,61 (bom) para o Índice Kappa. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (CEP/HUOL), sob CAAE nº 0002.0.294.000-10. Após serem codificados e tabulados, os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Dos 23 juízes, 87% eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 36,5 anos, 73,9% atuavam na UFRN, 78,3% possuíam mestrado acadêmico e 69,6% atuavam exclusivamente na docência. A média de tempo de experiência na docência foi de 7,9 anos e nas disciplinas de Semiologia e/ou Semiotécnica de Enfermagem foi de 5,6 anos. No julgamento do roteiro de observação estruturado e do questionário sobre o conhecimento, nenhum item/questão considerou-se inadequado, uma vez que todos obtiveram nível de concordância dentro dos índices estabelecidos (IVC > a 0,75 e Kappa > 0,61). Em relação ao roteiro estruturado para avaliar habilidade, dos 28 itens presentes, 13 apresentaram índice de concordância perfeito (IVC=1,00; Kappa= 1,00) e outros 15 foram considerados adequados com alterações, principalmente no que diz respeito à sequência instrucional dos tópicos, clareza e vocabulário. No questionário sobre o conhecimento, dentre as 12 questões que o compunham, 03 apresentaram índice de concordância perfeito e as demais adequadas com alterações quanto aos critérios vocabulário, clareza, atualização e precisão. Em relação à avaliação geral dos instrumentos, o roteiro estruturado de habilidade obteve IVC de 0,95 e Kappa de 0,91 e o questionário do conhecimento, IVC de 0,97 e Kappa de 0,94. Os dois instrumentos mostraram-se válidos quanto ao seu conteúdo, e constituem ferramentas para fomentar a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem em relação ao conhecimento e à habilidade em sondagem nasogástrica

Segurança do paciente no sistema de medicação: análise de enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino

This study aimed to identify and describe the factors related to Patient Safety in a medication system according to the nurses analysis in a teaching hospital from the photographic analysis method. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with mixed approach in a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Norte. The population consisted of 42 nurses from inpatient units, of which 34 composed the study sample. As eligibility criteria, we defined nurses from public service and nurses who agreed to participate. Ethical determinations were observed, the study was submitted to the Ethics and Research of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, obtaining the assent with ethical assessment certificate (CAAE 0098.0.051.294-11). For data collection, we used the photographic method (Photographic Analysis Technique) by Patricia Marck (Canada). It was developed in two phases: at first, we randomly captured photos from the medication system, resulting in 282 images; then we selected/processed the photographs, which were reduced to 10 images in Microsoft Excel 2010; in the second phase, the nurses answered the questionnaire divided into socio-professional profile and Digital Photography Scoring Tool (questions a and b ). For analysis of the question a , we used the content analysis technique, and for b , we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 (temporary license). The socio-professional profile revealed the predominance of females; age group 34-43 years; professionals with specialization; 10-18 years of length of service; and nurses working exclusively in the hospital and who know the Patient Safety. The photographic analysis in relation to Patient Safety resulted in specific categories for each stage of the medication system. Regarding disposal, we identified Proper verification ; Improper verification ; Correct identification ; Disposal in single doses ; and Improper Environment , with predominance of that last category. As for storage: Proper storage ; Improper storage ; Risk of exchange/disappearance ; and Poor hygiene , with special reference to improper storage. In preparation: Risk of exchanging medication/patient ; Inappropriate physical space ; and Inadequate 9 preparation of controlled drugs , highlighting the first category. In drug administration: Lack of Personal Protective Equipment ; Use of Personal Protective Equipment ; Improper administration technique ; Proper administration technique ; Correct drug identification ; Incorrect drug identification ; and Peripheral venous access without identification . From the safety assessment of 10 photographs, by adapting the scores (1-10) to the Likert Scale, we identified three Totally Unsafe (Level 1), three Unsafe (Level 2), three Partially Safe (Level 3), one Safe (Level 4), and no photograph considered Totally Safe. This study identified the prevalence of unsafety in the medication system in the nurses opinion. We were also able to understand that, although nurses identify safety aspects, the most prevalent categories characterize an unsafe assessment. Nursing needs to reflect on its practice, identifying gaps in the medication system in order to achieve a proper and safe care

Compactação do solo no crescimento radicular e produtividade da cultura do milho

As modificações estruturais causadas no solo pelos diferentes sistemas de manejo podem resultar em maior ou menor compactação, que poderá interferir na resistência mecânica à penetração, densidade e porosidade do solo, influenciando o crescimento radicular e, por fim, a produtividade das culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da compactação sobre determinadas características de um Latossolo Vermelho textura média e associá-las ao crescimento radicular e à produtividade da cultura do milho. Os tratamentos principais foram constituídos por seis níveis de compactação, proporcionados pelo tráfego controlado de tratores, e duas camadas, como subtratamentos, com quatro repetições. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas do solo nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, para determinação da resistência do solo à penetração, densidade e porosidade do solo. Para determinação de densidade, superfície, diâmetro e massa seca das raízes, foram retiradas amostras do solo nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, em cada parcela. O tráfego de tratores sobre o solo provocou maiores níveis de compactação na camada superficial, proporcionando maior densidade e superfície radicular. O diâmetro radicular e a massa seca das raízes aumentaram linearmente com o aumento da resistência à penetração do solo. Verificou-se que valores de resistência à penetração variando entre 1,03 e 5,69 MPa provocaram alterações na morfologia do sistema radicular do milho, reduzindo a produtividade da cultura em 2,581 Mg ha-1, mas não foram impeditivos ao enraizamento.

Heurísticas usando construção de vocabuilário aplicadas ao problema da atribuição de localidades a anéis em redes SONET/SDH

The SONET/SDH Ring Assignment Problem (PALAS) treats to group localities in form of some rings, being respected the traffic's limitations of the equipment. Each ring uses a DXC (Digital Cross Connect) to make the communication with the others, being the DXC the equipment most expensive of the net, minimizing the number total of rings, will minimize the total net cost, problem's objective . This topology in rings provides a bigger capacity of regeneration. The PALAS is a problem in Combinatorial Optimization of NP-hard Class. It can be solved through Heuristics and Metaheuristics. In this text, we use Taboo Search while we keep a set of elite solutions to be used in the formation of a part of the collection of vocabulary's parts that in turn will be used in the Vocabulary Building. The Vocabulary Building will be started case Taboo Search does not reach the best solution for the instance. Three approaches had been implemented: one that only uses vocabulary's parts deriving of Taboo Search, one that it only uses vocabulary's parts randomly generated and a last one that it uses half come of the elite and half randomly generated

Algoritmo evolutivo paralelo para o problema de atribuição de localidades a anéis em redes sonet/sdh

The telecommunications play a fundamental role in the contemporary society, having as one of its main roles to give people the possibility to connect them and integrate them into society in which they operate and, therewith, accelerate development through knowledge. But as new technologies are introduced on the market, increases the demand for new products and services that depend on the infrastructure offered, making the problems of planning of telecommunication networks become increasingly large and complex. Many of these problems, however, can be formulated as combinatorial optimization models, and the use of heuristic algorithms can help solve these issues in the planning phase. This paper proposes the development of a Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm to be applied to telecommunications problem known in the literature as SONET Ring Assignment Problem SRAP. This problem is the class NP-hard and arises during the physical planning of a telecommunication network and consists of determining the connections between locations (customers), satisfying a series of constrains of the lowest possible cost. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the Evolutionary Algorithm parallel, over other methods, to obtain solutions that are either optimal or very close to it

Localização e planejamento de caminhos para um robô humanóide e um robô escravo com rodas

This work presents the localization and path planning systems for two robots: a non-instrumented humanoid and a slave wheeled robot. The localization of wheeled robot is made using odometry information and landmark detection. These informations are fused using a Extended Kalman Filter. The relative position of humanoid is acquired fusing (using another Kalman Filter) the wheeled robot pose with the characteristics of the landmark on the back of humanoid. Knowing the wheeled robot position and the humanoid relative position in relation to it, we acquired the absolute position of humanoid. The path planning system was developed to provide the cooperative movement of the two robots,incorporating the visibility restrictions of the robotic system

Navegação cooperativa de um robô humanóide e um robô com rodas usando informação visual

This work presents a cooperative navigation systemof a humanoid robot and a wheeled robot using visual information, aiming to navigate the non-instrumented humanoid robot using information obtained from the instrumented wheeled robot. Despite the humanoid not having sensors to its navigation, it can be remotely controlled by infra-red signals. Thus, the wheeled robot can control the humanoid positioning itself behind him and, through visual information, find it and navigate it. The location of the wheeled robot is obtained merging information from odometers and from landmarks detection, using the Extended Kalman Filter. The marks are visually detected, and their features are extracted by image processing. Parameters obtained by image processing are directly used in the Extended Kalman Filter. Thus, while the wheeled robot locates and navigates the humanoid, it also simultaneously calculates its own location and maps the environment (SLAM). The navigation is done through heuristic algorithms based on errors between the actual and desired pose for each robot. The main contribution of this work was the implementation of a cooperative navigation system for two robots based on visual information, which can be extended to other robotic applications, as the ability to control robots without interfering on its hardware, or attaching communication devices

Plataforma Robótica de Baixíssimo Custo para Robótica Educacional

Robots are present each time more on several areas of our society, however they are still considered expensive equipments that are restricted to few people. This work con- sists on the development of control techniques and architectures that make possible the construction and programming of low cost robots with low programming and building complexity. One key aspect of the proposed architecture is the use of audio interfaces to control actuators and read sensors, thus allowing the usage of any device that can produce sounds as a control unit of a robot. The work also includes the development of web ba- sed programming environments that allow the usage of computers or mobile phones as control units of the robot, which can be remotely programmed and controlled. The work also includes possible applications of such low cost robotic platform, including mainly its educational usage, which was experimentally validated by teachers and students of seve- ral graduation courses. We also present an analysis of data obtained from interviews done with the students before and after the use of our platform, which confirms its acceptance as a teaching support tool

Uma proposta de regulador nebuloso para geradores eólicos de indução

This work presents a proposal for a voltage and frequency control system for a wind power induction generator. It has been developed na experimental structure composes basically by a three phase induction machine, a three phase capacitor and a reactive static Power compensator controlled by histeresys. lt has been developed control algorithms using conventional methods (Pl control) and linguistic methods (using concepts of logic and fuzzy control), to compare their performances in the variable speed generator system. The control loop was projected using the ADJDA PCL 818 model board into a Pentium 200 MHz compu ter. The induction generator mathematical model was studied throught Park transformation. It has been realized simulations in the Pspice@ software, to verify the system characteristics in transient and steady-state situations. The real time control program was developed in C language, possibilish verify the algorithm performance in the 2,2kW didatic experimental system

Uma fonte chaveada de 50kW com correção de fator de potência para alimentação de uma tocha de plasma Indutiva utilizando técnicas de controle digital

This work deals with the development of an experimental study on a power supply of high frequency that provides the toch plasmica to be implemented in PLASPETRO project, which consists of two static converters developed by using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). The drivers used to control these keys are triggered by Digital Signal Processor (DSP) through optical fibers to reduce problems with electromagnetic interference (EMI). The first stage consists of a pre-regulator in the form of an AC to DC converter with three-phase boost power factor correction which is the main theme of this work, while the second is the source of high frequency itself. A series-resonant inverter consists of four (4) cell inverters operating in a frequency around 115 kHz each one in soft switching mode, alternating itself to supply the load (plasma torch) an alternating current with a frequency of 450 kHz. The first stage has the function of providing the series-resonant inverter a DC voltage, with the value controlled from the power supply provided by the electrical system of the utility, and correct the power factor of the system as a whole. This level of DC bus voltage at the output of the first stage will be used to control the power transferred by the inverter to the load, and it may vary from 550 VDC to a maximum of 800 VDC. To control the voltage level of DC bus driver used a proportional integral (PI) controller and to achieve the unity power factor it was used two other proportional integral currents controllers. Computational simulations were performed to assist in sizing and forecasting performance. All the control and communications needed to stage supervisory were implemented on a DSP