Linking strategy and the knowledge of the firm

Discovering the ways through which firms develop and maintain competitive advantage is a central research stream in management theory. The objective of this paper is to present a contribution to the discussion of the knowledge of the firm as a source of competitive advantage. The paper states that a firm's success is a consequence of its ability in the continuous development of core competencies that will sustain its competitiveness over time. Core competencies are understood as the sets of knowledge that differentiate a company strategically. The firm must discover, develop, share and update the knowledge that sustains the present and future core competencies. Knowledge management, through processes of knowledge creation and integration, is one way of doing this.

Systems thinking: learning or driving?

The ability to foresee how behaviour of a system arises from the interaction of its components over time - i.e. its dynamic complexity – is seen an important ability to take effective decisions in our turbulent world. Dynamic complexity emerges frequently from interrelated simple structures, such as stocks and flows, feedbacks and delays (Forrester, 1961). Common sense assumes an intuitive understanding of their dynamic behaviour. However, recent researches have pointed to a persistent and systematic error in people understanding of those building blocks of complex systems. This paper describes an empirical study concerning the native ability to understand systems thinking concepts. Two different groups - one, academic, the other, professional – submitted to four tasks, proposed by Sweeney and Sterman (2000) and Sterman (2002). The results confirm a poor intuitive understanding of the basic systems concepts, even when subjects have background in mathematics and sciences.

Systems thinking: learning or driving?

The ability to foresee how behaviour of a system arises from the interaction of its components over time - i.e. its dynamic complexity – is seen an important ability to take effective decisions in our turbulent world. Dynamic complexity emerges frequently from interrelated simple structures, such as stocks and flows, feedbacks and delays (Forrester, 1961). Common sense assumes an intuitive understanding of their dynamic behaviour. However, recent researches have pointed to a persistent and systematic error in people understanding of those building blocks of complex systems. This paper describes an empirical study concerning the native ability to understand systems thinking concepts. Two different groups - one, academic, the other, professional – submitted to four tasks, proposed by Sweeney and Sterman (2000) and Sterman (2002). The results confirm a poor intuitive understanding of the basic systems concepts, even when subjects have background in mathematics and sciences.

The institutional configuration of sport policy in Brazil: organization, evolution and dilemmas

Brazil has become the center of the spotlight of the whole world recently, amongst many other reasons, one of them was because it was chosen to host a series of mega sporting events - Pan American Games in 2007, Confederations Football Cup in 2013, Fifa Football World Cup 2014 Games and 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016. However, little is known about the country's administrative governmental structure focused on sport policy. The available studies focus their analysis on the sport policies content, but not on the arrangement of its structural decision-making. The main aim of this article is indeed to describe, based on official documentation, the evolution and the current arrangements of the government responsible for the administrative structure for the planning and implementation of sports policies in Brazil. Thus, we tried to list the main problems arising from the organization of the Brazilian sports' management. These problems are: (1) inappropriate institutional structure in terms of human resources and obstacles to participation by other social actors beyond the officials (parliament and members of the Ministry of Sports) in the sports policy; (2) disarticulation between public institutions generating redundancies and conflicts of jurisdiction due to the poor division of labor between bureaucracy agencies; and (3) inadequate planning proved by the lack of organization of some institutions, and by the lack of assessment and continuity of public policies over time. Therefore, we must emphasize those problems from above, and due to these administrative arrangements, Brazilian sports' policy has big challenges in the sport development in this country, which includes the creation of a national "system" for sports and a priority investment in sport education.

UMTS versus DVB-SH na transmissão de sinais de vídeo

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações

Mortality from asthma in the state of S. Paulo, Brazil (1970-1992)

Mortality from asthma has shown important variations over time in several countries. In Brazil, a mortality study performed in the 60s, covering the cities of S.Paulo and Ribeirão Preto, and other ten cities showed that S.Paulo presented the lowest death rate from asthma among of them all. It was decided to study the time trends of deaths from asthma and from the whole set of respiratory diseases from 1970 to 1992, in the population aged 15-34 yrs. old in the State of S.Paulo, as well as to compare them with those of other countries. Asthma mortality rates during the 23 years of observation since 1975, showed an oscillatory declining pattern with a peak of deaths in the initial years. The linearization of the curve allows the calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficient that was significantly negative, suggesting a decline in the mortality over this period, mainly in the 5-9 yrs. old and 30-34 yrs. old strata. The segmentation of data between the period of ICD-9, 1970 to 1978, and of ICD-9, 1979 and subsequent years, shows that there is stability within each period, in all age-groups, except for that of 5-9 yr. olds between 1970-1978. Comparing the rates of the population aged 15-34 yrs. old for the State of S. Paulo, Brazil, with trends observed in 14 other countries, an intermediate pattern for the first triennial period (1970-1972) as well as for the subsequent triennial periods, emerges. A prevalence study of asthma, a follow up program meant for using emergency rooms and a surveillance of deaths due to all respiratory diseases and specifically to asthma are strongly recommended.

Simulação numérica do comportamento dinâmico de uma laje

Nesta dissertação pretende-se simular o comportamento dinâmico de uma laje de betão armado aplicando o Método de Elementos Finitos através da sua implementação no programa FreeFEM++. Este programa permite-nos a análise do modelo matemático tridimensional da Teoria da Elasticidade Linear, englobando a Equação de Equilíbrio, Equação de Compatibilidade e Relações Constitutivas. Tratando-se de um problema dinâmico é necessário recorrer a métodos numéricos de Integração Directa de modo a obter a resposta em termos de deslocamento ao longo do tempo. Para este trabalho escolhemos o Método de Newmark e o Método de Euler para a discretização temporal, um pela sua popularidade e o outro pela sua simplicidade de implementação. Os resultados obtidos pelo FreeFEM++ são validados através da comparação com resultados adquiridos a partir do SAP2000 e de Soluções Teóricas, quando possível.

Volatility regimes for the VIX index

This article presents a Markov chain framework to characterize the behavior of the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX index). Two possible regimes are considered: high volatility and low volatility. The specification accounts for deviations from normality and the existence of persistence in the evolution of the VIX index. Since the time evolution of the VIX index seems to indicate that its conditional variance is not constant over time, I consider two different versions of the model. In the first one, the variance of the index is a function of the volatility regime, whereas the second version includes an autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) specification for the conditional variance of the index.

Projecto de reabilitação e reforço de um túnel ferroviário

As obras de arte e as demais estruturas, são dimensionadas para um tempo de vida útil em serviço. Com o passar do tempo as estruturas começam a apresentar patologias e assim sendo há que intervir em serviços de manutenção ou, no limite, de recuperação e reforço. Estas intervenções servem para beneficiar ou reforçar as estruturas, com o intuito de evitar acidentes, pois estes, levariam a grandes prejuízos e contratempos, principalmente quando estas obras se situam em meios urbanos. Os problemas patológicos que surgem numa estrutura são ocasionados pela sua antiguidade, por manutenção inadequada ou mesmo ausência de total de manutenção, têm na sua origem o desconhecimento técnico e/ou problemas financeiros. Este trabalho consiste num projecto de beneficiação e reforço de um túnel ferroviário, fazendo uma abordagem das patologias existentes nos vários elementos construtivos e uma apresentação das técnicas de reabilitação e reforço utilizadas.

Depreciações de activos fixos tangíveis: o impacto da alteração dos métodos de depreciação nos resultados das entidades

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientadora: Mestre Helena Maria Santos de Oliveira

Folk culture and political power: practices and representations of moliceiro culture in Portugal, cultural sociology

This article analyses the painted panels of the moliceiro boat, a traditional working boat of the Ria de Aveiro region of Portugal. The article examines how the painted panels have been invented and reinvented over time. The boat and its panels are contextualized both within the changing socio-economic conditions of the Ria de Aveiro region, and the changing socio-political conditions of Portugal throughout the 20th century and until the present day. The article historically analyses the social significance of ‘moliceiro culture’, examining in particular the power relations it expresses and its ambiguous past and present relationships with the political and the economic powers of the Portuguese state. The article unpacks some of the complexity of the relations that have pertained between public and private, local and national, folk culture and ‘art’, and popular and institutional in the Ria de Aveiro region in particular, and Portugal more generally.

Linfangiogénese no tecido adiposo em modelos de doença inflamatória crónica (asma e obesidade): uma abordagem por imunohistoquímica e lipidómica

O tecido adiposo é um órgão endócrino dinâmico, secretando factores importantes na regulação do metabolismo, fluxo vascular sanguíneo e linfático, e função imunológica, entre outros. Em caso de acumulação de tecido adiposo por ingestão de uma dieta gorda, ou por disfunção metabólica, os adipócitos podem desencadear uma reacção inflamatória por falha na drenagem linfática, acumulando-se mediadores inflamatórios, os quais potenciam a propagação da reacção. Assim, questiona-se uma potencial associação entre o aumento de tecido adiposo na obesidade, hipóxia adipocitária e estimulação da linfangiogénese. Além disso, a expressão de adipocinas varia de acordo com a distribuição do tecido adiposo (subcutâneo, TAS e visceral, TAV). Deste modo, pretende-se com este estudo contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento sobre os complexos mecanismos moleculares subjacentes à linfangiogénese. Ensaios com ratinhos da estirpe C57Bl/6J (modelo de obesidade) e BALB/c (modelo de asma e obesidade), divididos em grupos submetidos a dieta normal e dieta rica em gordura. Avaliação semi-quantitativa da expressão tecidular de LYVE-1 (marcador da linfangiogénese) por imunohistoquímica em material embebido em parafina, no TAS e TAV, e cromatografia líquida de ultra-performance acoplada de espectrometria de massa (UPLC-MS) para análise da expressão plasmática de ceramida e esfingosina-1-fosfato (S1P). No modelo de obesidade observou- -se diminuição do número de vasos linfáticos e expressão de LYVE-1 ao longo do tempo no TAV, e aumento de ambos os parâmetros e hipertrofia adipocitária no TAS. As concentrações de ceramida e S1P corroboram a existência de um processo inflamatório nos ratinhos em estudo, ainda que numa fase muito inicial. No modelo de asma e obesidade, após 17 semanas de tratamento, observou-se incremento da linfangiogénese no TAV, mas não no TAS. A resposta inflamatória avaliada através dos diferentes parâmetros permite afirmar que num estadio inicial de obesidade a proliferação linfática poderá estar a ser retardada pela hipertrofia adipocitária. A libertação de adipocinas será observada apenas numa fase posterior, desencadeando todo o processo inflamatório que incrementará a proliferação linfática. Adicionalmente, é possível sugerir que a maior pressão à qual o TAV se encontra sujeito não favorece a proliferação linfática, pelo menos num estadio incial.

Convex Total Variation Denoising of Poisson Fluorescence Confocal Images With Anisotropic Filtering

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is now one of the most important tools in biomedicine research. In fact, it makes it possible to accurately study the dynamic processes occurring inside the cell and its nucleus by following the motion of fluorescent molecules over time. Due to the small amount of acquired radiation and the huge optical and electronics amplification, the FCM images are usually corrupted by a severe type of Poisson noise. This noise may be even more damaging when very low intensity incident radiation is used to avoid phototoxicity. In this paper, a Bayesian algorithm is proposed to remove the Poisson intensity dependent noise corrupting the FCM image sequences. The observations are organized in a 3-D tensor where each plane is one of the images acquired along the time of a cell nucleus using the fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) technique. The method removes simultaneously the noise by considering different spatial and temporal correlations. This is accomplished by using an anisotropic 3-D filter that may be separately tuned in space and in time dimensions. Tests using synthetic and real data are described and presented to illustrate the application of the algorithm. A comparison with several state-of-the-art algorithms is also presented.

Provisões e contingências

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientador: Doutor, José Manuel Veiga Pereira

Imunorreatividade em material histológico arquivado durante um, quatro e sete anos

Quando aplicada no âmbito da Anatomia Patológica, a imuno-histoquímica tem constituído um poderoso meio de identificação/caracterização de várias estruturas histológicas, permitindo delinear prognóstico e terapêutica para várias patologias. Tendo em conta que as amostras histológicas analisadas podem ser conservadas ao longo de vários anos, interessa avaliar a manutenção da antigenicidade ao longo do tempo, de forma a garantir a qualidade final da técnica quando aplicada em material de arquivo. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a imunorreatividade do material histológico arquivado durante um, quatro e sete anos. Foi utilizado material histológico de próstata, pulmão e mama, no qual se procedeu à imunomarcação de citoqueratinas (Clones AE1/AE3), CD34 e proteína p63, por método de multímero/HRP no sistema Ventana BenchMark Ultra®. Foi realizado um ensaio com recuperação antigênica por alta temperatura (RAAT) e outro sem esta etapa. As imunomarcações (n=162) foram classificadas por três avaliadores independentes num escore quantitativo final (escala 0-100). O par média/desvio-padrão do escore final para os casos com sete anos foi de 69,06/19,05, para os casos com quatro anos foi de 66,47/20,73 e para os casos com um ano foi de 69,08/19,35, não se tendo encontrado diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Os casos sem RAAT obtiveram um par média/desvio-padrão de 54,90/17,00, enquanto os casos com RAAT obtiveram 81,50/11,60, o que revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p=0,000). Para os casos em estudo conclui-se que o fator “tempo de arquivo” não está associado a alterações da imunorreatividade. A importância da RAAT na obtenção de imunomarcação de qualidade sai fortemente realçada. ABSTRACT - When applied within the framework of Pathology, immunohistochemistry has been a powerful means of identification/characterization of various histological structures, allowing to outline prognosis and therapy for various diseases. Given that the analyzed histological samples can be preserved for several years, it is interesting to assess the retention of antigenicity over time in order to ensure the quality of the final technique, when applied to stored material. Thus, the main objective of this study was to compare the immunoreactivity of the histological material archived for one, four and seven years. It was used histological material from prostate, lung and breast, in which it was performed the immunostaining of cytokeratins (clones AE1/AE3), CD34 and p63 protein by the method of multimer/HRP system on a Ventana BenchMark Ultra®. It was conducted a test with heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) and another one without this step. The stained slides (n=162) were classified by three independent assessors using a quantitative score (scale 0-100). The pair mean/standard deviation of the score for cases with seven years was 69,06/19,05, for cases with four years was 66,47/20,73 and for cases with one year was 69,08/19,35, which did not revealed any statistically significant differences. The cases without HIER had a couple mean/standard deviation of 54.90/17.00 while the cases with HIER obtained 81.50/11.60, which revealed statistically significant differences (p=0.000). For this case study it was concluded that the factor archive period is not associated with changes in immunoreactivity. The importance of HIER in obtaining high quality immunostaining comes out strongly highlighted.