Identidad territorial y paisaje. Evolución morfológica de los núcleos en Castilla y León.

Este estudio intenta esclarecer las transformaciones físicas y socioeconómicas de los asentamientos rurales de la región española de Castilla y León, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se analiza la evolución temporal de la forma urbana a través de un Sistema de Información Geográfico (SIG), calculando unos índices métricos y comparándolos con la información demográfica histórica. Los resultados pretenden mostrar los efectos de la especialización funcional económica, causada por la integración en las jerarquías productivas globales, sobre la estructura urbana. La pérdida gradual de las características tradicionales de los pueblos castellanos, como la compacidad y la integración en el entorno, debido a la pérdida o degradación de la arquitectura popular y la construcción de nuevas edificaciones industriales, supone un riesgo para las futuras políticas de desarrollo local. Se considera necesario preservar la identidad paisajística y evitar la destrucción del patrimonio cultural para poder revitalizar estos territorios.

Modelos de desarrollo, unificación y “desterritorialización”.

El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de ofrecer una visión general sobre los Modelos de Desarrollo y Organización Territorial desde la perspectiva de las relaciones entre el medio urbano, “rururbano” y rural, en España. Para ello, tras conocer y valorar los enfoque conceptuales y temáticos, se estudia el crecimiento urbano en nuestro país en las últimas décadas, analizando de manera pormenorizada la importancia que ha cobrado y cobra la aplicación legislativa de leyes, planes y normas, tanto en el propio crecimiento urbano como en la demanda de viviendas en las ciudades españolas y, de igual modo, la vinculación de ambas con el precio de las viviendas, relacionándolo con la problemática de la “rururbanización”, y del medio rural.

The Industrial Context of Occupational Mobility: Change in Structure

The neglect of a consideration of history has been a feature of mobility research. ‘History’ affects the results of analyses of social mobility by altering the occupational/industrial structure and by encouraging exchange mobility. Changes in industrial structure are rooted more directly in historical causes and can be seen as more fundamental than changes in occupational structure. Following a substantial review of the secondary literature on changes in industrial and occupational structure in Northern Ireland, loglinear analyses of intra- and intergenerational mobility tables for sociologically-derived cohort generations that incorporate occupational and industrial categories are presented. Structural and inheritance effects for industry are as significant as those for occupation. Given the well-established finding of ‘constant social fludity’ in mobility tables once structural effects are controlled, the inclusion of categorization by industry is necessary in order to reach an accurate understanding of occupational mobility and the role of historical change in mobility.

A Triumph of Voluntarism? Industrial Relations and Strikes in Northern Ireland During World War Two

Flanders (1974) considered the Second World War to be the great social triumph and vindication of voluntarism in British industrial relations. This paper considers the experience of one region, Northern Ireland, functioning in a unique social and political context and considers the experience of its wartime industrial relations system. The political framework, trade union growth and representation, collective bargaining, strike activity including the major munitions strike of 1944 which may have provoked Defence Regulations Order 1AA, labour management and Joint Production Committees are all examined. The paper gives qualified support to Flanders’ conclusion.

[Rh-2(COD)(2)(Dppm)(mu(2)-Cl)]BF4: Precursor for a selective hydrogenation catalyst and its recycling by silica entrapment

The synthesis of [Rh-2(COD)(2)(dppm)(mu(2)-Cl)] BF4 (1) (COD) 1,5-cyclooctadiene, dppm) bis(diphenylphosphino) methane) from simple precursors is reported. This is a rare example of a dirhodium complex with an open [Rh-2(mu(2)-dppm)(mu(2)-Cl)] core. The complex has been used to affect the hydrogenation of styrene and benzo[b] thiophene with total selectivity and competitive rates of reaction. The recycling of the catalyst has been achieved by the entrapment of 1 in silica by a sol-gel method to produce a recyclable solid catalyst.

Engineering passive bioreactive barriers: risk-managing the legacy of industrial soil and groundwater pollution

Permeable reactive barriers are a technology that is one decade old, with most full-scale applications based on abiotic mechanisms. Though there is extensive literature on engineered bioreactors, natural biodegradation potential, and in situ remediation, it is only recently that engineered passive bioreactive barrier technology is being considered at the commercial scale to manage contaminated soil and groundwater risks. Recent full-scale studies are providing the scientific confidence in our understanding of coupled microbial (and genetic), hydrogeologic, and geochemical processes in this approach and have highlighted the need to further integrate engineering and science tools.