Aplicació de tècniques geofísiques electromagnètiques a la localització de zones afectades per abocaments incontrolats de residus

Increase of the metropolitan area of cities provoking a progressive settlement of zones that previously had a different territorial use. These zones are usually located within city houndaries and for many years have been affected hy the waste of many kinds of residues. Qualitative analysis of the electrical behaviour of soil, based on maps and cross sections of apparent conductivity, allows us to locate anomalies generated by the wastes. Moreover, the electrornagnetic techniques (EM-31 and EM-34 Geonics devices) are cheaper than other survey methods. Two examples in the campus of the University of Girona, in the southern area of Girona city, illustrate the environmental problem and the applicability of the geophysical method

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state compounds of benzoates with some bivalent transition metal ions

Solid-state MBz compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and Bz is benzoate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The procedure used in the preparation of the compounds via reaction of basic carbonates with benzoic acid is not efficient in eliminating excess acid. However the TG-DTA curves permitted to verify that the binary compounds can be obtained by thermosynthesis, because the benzoic acid can be eliminated before the thermal decomposition of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability, thermal decomposition and structure of the isolated compounds. On heating, these compounds decompose in two (Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) or three (Fe, Cu) steps with formation of the respective oxide (Mn3O4, Fe2O3, Co3O4, NiO, CuO and ZnO) as final residue. The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic studies suggest a covalent bidentate bond between ligand and metallic center.

Intervenciones de identidad territorial en el proceso global de construcción de imagen de marca de los destinos turísticos

La competitividad emergente entre destinos turísticos ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de enfatizar las estrategias de comunicación –con el fin de crear un valor añadido intangible para el potencial cliente- encaminadas a crear una imagen favorable de los espacios que se pretenden promocionar, mediante el diseño de acciones de comunicación con objetivos que van más allá del mero interés promocional o informativo. En este sentido, tanto los emplazamientos que conciben el turismo como una solución de diversificación económica (destinos emergentes), como las localizaciones geográficas que ya disponen de una cierta solera en relación a su tradición turística (destinos maduros), aúnan esfuerzos en aras de consolidar una identidad territorial acorde con sus posibilidades turísticas. Si además se tiene en cuenta que, en la actualidad, el consumo de imágenes percibidas a priori representa, de antemano, un primer viaje simbólico previo a un posterior viaje real, se puede llegar a vislumbrar el papel decisivo que desempeña la interpretación del consumidor (creación de imaginarios individuales y colectivos) en un escenario global de comercialización del territorio. Por tanto, el valor añadido en una situación de dura competencia entre destinos, radica en los valores que se asocian a la imagen de marca turística, que representa la primera carga de sensaciones y emociones que percibe el potencial turista y/o visitante antes de decidirse por uno u otro destino.

La regió de Girona: un model territorial en transformació, amb potencial i fràgil

During the most recent years the Regió de Girona has clearly transformed its territorial model, superimposing an emerging clearly hierarchic structure to a polycentric one. This way, Girona and its urban area has gained a diversified centrality. This transformation, though, needs a clearly defined project that, adapted to the current dynamism, makes explicit and supports or corrects the resultant territorial model in order to avoid infrastructural shortages, territorial imbalances, resource wasting and negative impact on the environment

Relationships between adolescents and parents values and parents answering behaviour

In this paper we set out a confirmatory factor analysis model relating the values adolescents and their parents aspire to for the child’s future. We approach a problem when collecting parents’ answers and analysing paired data from parents and their child: the fact that in some families only one parent answers, while in others both meet to answer together. In order to account for differences between one-parent and two-parent responses we follow a multiple group structural equation modelling approach. Some significant differences emerged between the two and one answering parent groups. We observed only weak relationships between parents’ and children’s values

Learning in Consumer Behaviour

Tämän kandidaatintyön tavoitteena on esittää kuvaus kulutusoppimisen teorioista ja tämän lisäksi kuvata käytännön sovelluksia liittyen kulutuskäyttäytymiseen ja mainontaan. On olemassa kaksi keskeistä ajattelutapaa liittyen oppimisen teorioihin. Ensimmäisen suuntauksen kannattajat näkevät oppimisen puhtaasti behavioristisena, eli että se on seurausta toistoista, ja siten ne näkevät yksilön "mustana laatikkona", jossa syötteenä on ärsyke ja suoritteena on tietty käytös. Toisen suuntauksen kannattajien mielestä oppiminen on kognitiivinen prosessi; kaikista yksinkertaisimmista tapauksista lähtien yksilö prosessoi informaatiota ratkaistakseen omia ongelmiaan. Käytännössä kumpaakin teoriaa tarvitaan selittämään oppimista ilmiönä, koska oppiminen on yhdistelmä toistoja ja kognitiivisia prosesseja. Työmme näyttää kuinka markkinoijat hyödyntävät näitä kahta teoriaa käytännössä mainonnassaan, tarkoituksenaan tuotemerkkinsä ja tuotteidensa asemointi markkinoilla suhteessa kilpailijoihinsa.

Thermal behaviour study of solid state compounds of manganese (II), zinc (II) and lead (II) with cinnamic acid

Compounds of cinnamic acid with manganese, zinc and lead have been prepared in aqueous solution. Thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction and complexometry have been used in the characterization as well as in the study of the thermal stability and interpretation concerning the thermal decomposition.

Thermal behaviour studies of solid state compounds of cinnamylidenepyruvate with trivalent lanthanides and yttrium (III) in an atmosphere of CO2

Solid state cinnamylidenepyruvate of trivalent lanthanides (except for promethium) and yttrium, were prepared. Thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction powder patterns and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behavior of these compounds in a dynamic CO2 atmosphere. The results obtained showed significative differences on the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of these compounds, with regard to the thermal behavior study in a dynamic air atmosphere.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid state compounds of 2-chlorobenzylidenepyruvate with trivalent aluminium, gallium, indium and scandium metals

Solid state compounds M-2-Cl-BP, where 2-Cl-BP is 2-chlorobenzylidenepyruvate and M represents Al, Ga, In, and Sc were prepared. X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), have been used to characterize and to study the thermal behavior of these compounds. The results provided information concerning the stoichiometry, crystallinity, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the compounds.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid state compounds of 4-methoxybenzoate with Manganese, Nickel and Copper

Solid state M-L compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Ni, Cu and L is 4-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry - differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state compounds of 2-methoxybenzoate with some bivalent transition metal ions

Solid-state M-2-MeO-Bz compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and 2-MeO-Bz is 2-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to have information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state compounds of 4-methoxybenzoate with lanthanum (III) and trivalent lighter lanthanides

Solid-state M-4-MeO-Bz compounds, where M stands for trivalent La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm and 4-MeO-Bz is 4-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, polymorphic transformation, ligand's denticity, thermal behaviour and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds.

Thermal degradation behaviour of some polydithiooxamide metal complexes

The thermal decomposition behavior of the Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of polydithiooxamide has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at a heating rate of 20°C min-1 under nitrogen. The Coats-Redfern integral method is used to evaluate the kinetic parameters for the successive steps in the decomposition sequence observed in the TGA curves. The processes of thermal decomposition taking place in the four complexes are studied comparatively as the TGA curves indicate the difference in the thermal decomposition behavior of these complexes. The thermal stabilities of these complexes are discussed in terms of repulsion among electron pairs in the valence shell of the central ion and electronegativity effects.

Magnetic, thermal and spectral behaviour of 3-chloro-2-nitrobenzoates of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)

Physico-chemical properties of 3-chloro-2-nitrobenzoates of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) were synthesized and studied. The complexes were obtained as mono- and dihydrates with a metal ion to ligand ratio of 1 : 2. All analysed 3-chloro-2-nitrobenzoates are polycrystalline compounds with colours depending on the central ions: pink for Co(II), green for Ni(II) and blue for Cu(II) complexes. Their thermal decomposition was studied in the range of 293 ­ 523 K, because it was found that on heating in air above 523 K 3-chloro-2-nitrobenzoates decompose explosively. Hydrated complexes lose crystallization water molecules in one step and anhydrous compounds are formed. The final products of their decomposition are the oxides of the respective transition metals. From the results it appears that during dehydration process no transformation of nitro group to nitrite takes place. The solubilities of analysed complexes in water at 293 K are of the order of 10-4 ­ 10-2 mol / dm³. The magnetic moment values of Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions in 3-chloro-2-nitrobenzoates experimentally determined at 76 ­ 303 K change from 3.67µB to 4.61µB for Co(II) complex, from 2.15µB to 2.87µB for Ni(II) 3-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate and from 0.26µB to 1.39µB for Cu(II) complex. 3-Chloro-2-nitrobenzoates of Co(II) and Ni(II) follow the Curie-Weiss law. Complex of Cu(II) forms dimer.