Services aux adultes handicapés physiques : enquête auprès des bibliothèques publiques québécoises

Les services aux usagers des bibliothèques représentent un sujet fondamental en bibliothéconomie. Or, les usagers sont un groupe hétérogène à qui l’on doit offrir les mêmes services ou, à tout le moins, la possibilité d’obtenir des services répondant à leurs besoins en matière d’adaptation des lieux et des services. Malheureusement, les bibliothèques publiques ont parfois du mal à rendre un service adapté adéquat et les personnes concernées connaissent souvent mal les services dont elles pourraient bénéficier. Pourtant, les personnes handicapées font partie intégrante des usagers et leur présence augmente, notamment à cause du vieillissement de la population et d’une meilleure capacité d’établir des diagnostics. Notons que ces citoyens revendiquent de plus en plus leur autonomie et le fait de pouvoir profiter des mêmes services que le reste de la population. Ceci est d’autant plus vrai depuis l’apparition d’aides techniques et des outils technologiques tels les ordinateurs, les tablettes, les logiciels, etc. qui leur permettent de vivre leur vie à part entière. Aussi, les bibliothèques et leurs gestionnaires doivent impérativement s’assurer que l’accueil de ces usagers « comme les autres », mais aux besoins particuliers, sera assuré convenablement. Puisqu’il manque d’études concernant les services offerts aux personnes handicapées dans les bibliothèques publiques du Québec, nous avons décidé de procéder à une enquête, par le biais d’un questionnaire électronique administré aux employés de bibliothèques dont les fonctions sont de participer aux services aux usagers. Les réponses obtenues ont permis de dresser un portrait de la situation actuelle en matière de services aux personnes adultes handicapées dans les bibliothèques publiques québécoises et d’avancer certaines recommandations. Les résultats devraient aider les responsables de bibliothèques à déterminer où et comment concentrer leurs efforts pour rendre leurs établissements plus accueillants pour les personnes ayant des incapacités. Plus précisément, les objectifs de la recherche étaient les suivants : 1. Recenser les services offerts par les bibliothèques publiques québécoises aux usagers adultes handicapés. 2. Recenser les éléments d’accessibilité présents dans les infrastructures des bibliothèques publiques québécoises. 3. Évaluer l’impact de certaines caractéristiques des bibliothèques sur l’offre de services aux usagers adultes handicapés et les éléments reliés à l’accessibilité. 4. Comparer les résultats des enquêtes précédentes (Bibliothèque nationale du Canada 1976 ; Bergeron 1987) pour mettre en évidence les recommandations qui ont été appliquées et celles qui ne l’ont pas été.

Facteurs contextuels dans l'évaluation d'une politique de santé maternelle au Burkina Faso

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’influence des facteurs contextuels sur la mise en œuvre et les effets d’une politique de santé maternelle au Burkina Faso. Cette politique nommée la subvention SONU vise à faire augmenter la couverture des accouchements dans les établissements de santé publics en agissant sur l’accessibilité économique des ménages. La thèse propose une évaluation des processus de cette politique. Le cadre d’analyse repose sur des propositions théoriques issues du champ de l’étude des politiques sanitaires (les acteurs et leurs relations de pouvoir) et de l’anthropologie médicale critique (les représentations). L’étude s’est déroulée dans le district sanitaire de Djibo, situé dans la région du Sahel. Il s’agit d’une étude de cas multiples où chaque centre de santé représentait un cas. L’approche méthodologique employée était qualitative. Une enquête de terrain, des entretiens, des groupes de discussion, des observations non participantes et une analyse documentaire ont été les méthodes de collecte de données utilisées. Les résultats préliminaires de l’étude ont été présentés aux parties prenantes. Le premier article évalue l’implantation de cette subvention SONU au niveau d’un district et rend compte de l’influence des rapports de pouvoir sur la mise en œuvre de cette dernière. Les résultats indiquent que toutes les composantes de cette subvention sont mises en œuvre, à l’exception du fond d’indigence et de certaines composantes relatives à la qualité technique des soins telles que les sondages pour les bénéficiaires et l’équipe d’assurance qualité dans l’hôpital du district. Les professionnels et les gestionnaires de la santé expliquent les difficultés dans l’application de politique de subvention par un manque de clarté et de compréhension des directives officielles. Les relations de pouvoir entre les différents groupes d’acteurs ont une influence sur la mise en œuvre de cette politique. Les rapports entre gestionnaires du district et agents de santé sont basés sur des rapports hiérarchiques. Ainsi, les gestionnaires contrôlent le travail des agents de santé et imposent des changements à la mise en œuvre de la politique. Les rapports entre soignants et patients sont variables. Dans certains centres de santé, les communautés perçoivent positivement cette relation alors que dans d’autres, elle est perçue négativement. Les perceptions sur les relations entre les accoucheuses villageoises et les agents de santé sont également partagées. Pour les agents de santé, ces actrices peuvent être de potentielles alliées pour renforcer l’efficacité de la politique SONU en incitant les femmes à utiliser les services de santé, mais elles sont aussi perçues comme des obstacles, lorsqu’elles continuent à effectuer des accouchements à domicile. Les difficultés de compréhension des modalités de remboursement entrainent une rigidité dans les rapports entre agents de santé et comités de gestion. Le deuxième article vise à comprendre la variation observée sur la couverture des accouchements entre plusieurs centres de santé après la mise en œuvre de cette politique SONU. Les facteurs contextuels et plus spécifiquement humains ont une influence sur la couverture des accouchements assistés. Le leadership des agents de santé, caractérisé par l’initiative personnelle, l’éthique professionnelle et l’établissement d’un lien de confiance entre les populations et l’équipe sanitaire expliquent la différence d’effets observée sur la couverture des accouchements assistés après la mise en œuvre de cette dernière. Le troisième article analyse l’usage stratégique des référentiels ethnoculturels par certaines équipes sanitaires pour expliquer l’échec partiel de la politique SONU dans certains centres de santé. La référence à ces facteurs vise essentiellement à normaliser et légitimer l’absence d’effet de la politique sur la couverture des accouchements assistés. Elle contribue également à blâmer les populations. Enfin, le recours à ces référentiels tend à écarter les interprétations socioéconomiques et politiques qui sous-tendent la problématique des accouchements dans les établissements de santé publics. Sur le plan pratique, cette thèse permet de mieux comprendre le processus de mise en œuvre d’une politique de santé maternelle. Elle montre que les dimensions relatives à l’équité et à la qualité des soins sont négligées dans ce processus. Cette recherche met en lumière les difficultés auxquelles sont confrontés les agents de santé dans la mise en oeuvre de cette politique. Elle met également en exergue les facteurs qui expliquent l’hétérogénéité observée sur la couverture des accouchements assistés entre les centres de santé après la mise en œuvre de cette politique. Sur le plan théorique, cette thèse montre l’importance d’identifier les rapports de pouvoir qui s’exercent entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans les politiques sanitaires. Elle rappelle l’influence considérable des facteurs contextuels sur la mise en œuvre et les effets des politiques. Enfin, cette recherche révèle le poids des représentations sociales des acteurs dans la compréhension des effets des politiques. Cette thèse contribue au développement des connaissances dans le champ des politiques publiques sur le plan des thématiques abordées (mise en œuvre, rapports de pouvoir) et de l’approche méthodologique (enquête de terrain) utilisée. Elle participe aussi aux réflexions théoriques sur le concept de leadership des professionnels de la santé en Afrique.

Size invariant measures of association: characterization and difficulties

A measure of association is row-size invariant if it is unaffected by the multiplication of all entries in a row of a cross-classification table by a same positive number. It is class-size invariant if it is unaffected by the multiplication of all entries in a class (i.e., a row or a column). We prove that every class-size invariant measure of association as-signs to each m x n cross-classification table a number which depends only on the cross-product ratios of its 2 x 2 subtables. We propose a monotonicity axiom requiring that the degree of association should increase after shifting mass from cells of a table where this mass is below its expected value to cells where it is above .provided that total mass in each class remains constant. We prove that no continuous row-size invariant measure of association is monotonic if m ≥ 4. Keywords: association, contingency tables, margin-free measures, size invariance, monotonicity, transfer principle.

La décentralisation au Niger : le cas de la mobilisation des ressources financières dans la ville de Niamey

La décentralisation implantée en 2004 au Niger, a pour objectif de promouvoir le développement « par le bas » et de diffuser les principes démocratiques dans les milieux locaux, afin d’améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. Les recherches sur le sujet font état d’un écart considérable entre les objectifs et les réalisations de la décentralisation. Les facteurs avancés pour expliquer cet écart sont entre autres, le faible appui technique et financier de l’État envers les collectivités territoriales ou encore la quasi-inexistence d’une fonction publique locale qualifiée et apte à prendre en charge les projets de décentralisation. Toutefois, ces observations s’avèrent insuffisantes pour rendre compte des difficultés rencontrées par les acteurs de la décentralisation au Niger. Nous affirmons que les partis politiques jouent un rôle fondamental dans le processus de décentralisations. Ceux-ci diffusent des stratégies d’influence politique et de patronage dans les arènes locales. Les stratégies des partis politiques entravent les initiatives des acteurs locaux, notamment leur capacité de mobilisation des ressources financières.

Design and Development of data mining models for the predictions of manpower placement in the technical Domain

Data mining is one of the hottest research areas nowadays as it has got wide variety of applications in common man’s life to make the world a better place to live. It is all about finding interesting hidden patterns in a huge history data base. As an example, from a sales data base, one can find an interesting pattern like “people who buy magazines tend to buy news papers also” using data mining. Now in the sales point of view the advantage is that one can place these things together in the shop to increase sales. In this research work, data mining is effectively applied to a domain called placement chance prediction, since taking wise career decision is so crucial for anybody for sure. In India technical manpower analysis is carried out by an organization named National Technical Manpower Information System (NTMIS), established in 1983-84 by India's Ministry of Education & Culture. The NTMIS comprises of a lead centre in the IAMR, New Delhi, and 21 nodal centres located at different parts of the country. The Kerala State Nodal Centre is located at Cochin University of Science and Technology. In Nodal Centre, they collect placement information by sending postal questionnaire to passed out students on a regular basis. From this raw data available in the nodal centre, a history data base was prepared. Each record in this data base includes entrance rank ranges, reservation, Sector, Sex, and a particular engineering. From each such combination of attributes from the history data base of student records, corresponding placement chances is computed and stored in the history data base. From this data, various popular data mining models are built and tested. These models can be used to predict the most suitable branch for a particular new student with one of the above combination of criteria. Also a detailed performance comparison of the various data mining models is done.This research work proposes to use a combination of data mining models namely a hybrid stacking ensemble for better predictions. A strategy to predict the overall absorption rate for various branches as well as the time it takes for all the students of a particular branch to get placed etc are also proposed. Finally, this research work puts forward a new data mining algorithm namely C 4.5 * stat for numeric data sets which has been proved to have competent accuracy over standard benchmarking data sets called UCI data sets. It also proposes an optimization strategy called parameter tuning to improve the standard C 4.5 algorithm. As a summary this research work passes through all four dimensions for a typical data mining research work, namely application to a domain, development of classifier models, optimization and ensemble methods.

Predictability Of Share Prices In India: A Study Of The Applicability Of Technical Analysis

In spite of the far longed practices of technical analysis by many participants in Indian stock market, none have arrived at the exact position of technical analysis as a tool for foretelling share prices. There is no evidence supporting that one has established its definite role in predicting the behaviour of share price and also to see the extent of validity (how far reliable) of technical tools in Indian stock market. The problem is the vacuum in the arena of securities market analysis where an unrecognised tool is practised, i.e., whether to hold on to technical analysis or to drop it. Again, as already stated in this chapter, its validity need not continue forever. It may become futile as happened in developed markets. Continuous practice of a tool, which is valid only during discontinuous times is also an error. The efficacy of different market phenomena in terms of their ability to foretell the extent and direction of the price movements and reliability thereof remain as not yet proved in. This requires further study in this area so that this controversy may be settled. A solution to the problem requires enquiring and establishing the applicability of technical analysis, if any, there is in the Indian stock market. The study has the following two broad objectives for the purpose of confirming the applicability, if any, of technical analysis in the Indian stock market. The first objective is to ascertain the current validity of ‘traditional holding with respect to patterns’ and the second objective is to ascertain the ‘consistent superiority’, if any, of technical indicators over non-signal strategies in return generation. The study analyses the five patterns, which are widely known and commonly found in publications. They are: (1) Symmetrical Triangles, (2) Rising Wedges, (3) Falling Wedges, (4) Head and Shoulders Top and (5) Head and Shoulders Bottom.

Employment Realm in Technical Education in Kerala-A Study on the Problem of Unemployment among Engineers

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Technical and scale efficiency of cassava production system in Delta State, Nigeria: an application of Two-Stage DEA approach

The present study examines the level of pure technical and scale efficiencies of cassava production system including its sub-processes (that is production and processing stages) of 278 cassava farmers/processors from three regions of Delta State, Nigeria by applying Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Results reveal that pure technical efficiency (PTE) is significantly lower at the production stage 0.41 vs 0.55 for the processing stage, but scale efficiency (SE) is high at both stages (0.84 and 0.87), implying that productivity can be improved substantially by reallocation of resources and adjusting operation size. The socio-economic determinants exert differential impacts on PTE and SE at each stage. Overall, education, experience and main occupation as farmer significantly improve SE while subsistence pressure reduces it. Extension contact significantly improves SE at the processing stage but reduces PTE and SE overall. Inverse size-PTE and size-SE relationships exist in cassava production system. In other words, large/medium farms are technically and scale inefficient. Gender gap exists in performance. Male farmers are technically efficient at processing stage but scale inefficient overall. Farmers in northern region are technically efficient. Investments in education, extension services and infrastructure are suggested as policy options to improve the cassava sector in Nigeria.

Determinants of technical efficiency of freshwater prawn farming in southwestern Bangladesh

This paper estimates a translog stochastic production function to examine the determinants of technical efficiency of freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh. Primary data has been collected using random sampling from 90 farmers of three villages in southwestern Bangladesh. Prawn farming displayed much variability in technical efficiency ranging from 9.50 to 99.94% with mean technical efficiency of 65%, which suggested a substantial 35% of potential output can be recovered by removing inefficiency. For a land scarce country like Bangladesh this gain could help increase income and ensure better livelihood for the farmers. Based on the translog production function specification, farmers could be made scale efficient by providing more input to produce more output. The results suggest that farmers’ education and non-farm income significantly improve efficiency whilst farmers’ training, farm distance from the water canal and involvement in fish farm associations reduces efficiency. Hence, the study proposes strategies such as less involvement in farming-related associations and raising the effective training facilities of the farmers as beneficial adjustments for reducing inefficiency. Moreover, the key policy implication of the analysis is that investment in primary education would greatly improve technical efficiency.

The importance of reading difficulties and family in teachers' decisions to retain children : a case study in Costa Rica

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Assessing self-regulated learning in early childhood education : Difficulties, needs, and prospects

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Writing a Technical Report for Electronic and Electrical Engineers

Has a mixture of factual information (conventions on how a report should be structured) and motivational information on improving writing and communication skills

A guide to writing formal technical reports

A guide to writing formal technical reports for IT and CS students