868 resultados para Standardization of bioremediation


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This master's thesis aims to analyze the activity of the operators in a control room of the processes of production on-shore petroleum, with a focus on sociotechnical restrictions that interfere in the decision-making process and the actions of operators and therefore, the strategies (individual and collective) to regulate and maintain the operator action required and the safety of the system, together. The activity in focus involves the supervision and control of the production of thousands of barrels of oil/day in a complex and dispersed production’s structures built in an extension of 80 km. This operational framework highlights the importance of this activity for the fulfilment of the targets local and corporate efficiency, good management of the environment, health and safety of operators. This is an exploratory research and in the field, which uses the methodology of Ergonomic Analysis of the Work, composed of observational techniques and interactional, having as locus control room of the processes of production on-shore oil of an oil company. The population of this research is formed by operators in the control room of an Brazilian oil company. The results showed that the supervisory activity and control of the superheated steam injection is an complex context, demands greater attention, concentration, calculations, comparisons, trend analysis and decision making. The activity is collectively constructed between the control room operator, field operator and the supplier of steam. The research showed that the processes of communication and collaboration between the control room , fields and support staff are the key elements of this activity. The study shows that the operators have the autonomy and the elements necessary for work; and that there is continuous investments to improve the technology used and that the operators report sleep disturbances as a result of chronic exposure to night work. The study contributed with proposals for transformation of this activity: with regard to the installation of a area reserved for food in control room, the update the screens of the supervisory current operating condition, the periodic visits by room operators in the field, standardization of production reports, development assistance and standardization of nomenclature of controlling stations steam systems, to improve the conditions of realization of the activity, improve the quality of products produced by operators and contribute to reduce the possibility of slips or shifts in the activity.

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The present dissertation aims to analyze the evaluation process of environmental performance inside an organization from the building construction section of civil construction based on the NBR ISO 14031 guidelines, which provide orientation regarding the implementation of this project towards the internal organizational management. The theoretical research has addressed concepts and historical development of environmental management inside organizations, from the emergence of the first models to the strengthening of environmental management through the standardization of the Environmental Management System caused by the publication of ISO 14001. It has also addressed the evaluation of environmental performance, the NBR ISO 14031 (concepts, types of indicators of evaluation of environmental performance, the elaboration process of such indicators, as well as its use and evaluation by the high administration). The research has an applied character, with exploratory and descriptive goals, and a qualitative approach based on case study. The data collection will be made through questionnaires, interviews, and documental analysis. Through the present research project, one expects to learn the elements taken into consideration by the organization for the elaboration and selection of indicators; to identify which interested parties contribute in the aforementioned process; to discover which sources are taken into consideration by the organization while establishing its environmental performance goals; to learn how the different kinds of environmental indicators are handled by organizations on daily basis, considering the existence of interferences on the decision making process, whether or not the interested parties are integrated, and if there is an periodical evaluation of environmental performance and how it is handled. One also expects to identify the opportunities for improvement regarding the organization that is object of study.

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This thesis is a conceptual examination of the positions from which we teach in public education. As it is philosophical in nature, it takes no qualitative or quantitative data. It offers a review of selected relevant literature and an analysis of personal and professional experience, with the intent to pose critical questions about teaching and learning. The framework of this thesis represents the following contentions: First, from its inception, public schooling served capital by preparing skilled labour for emerging industrial markets. This history is the hegemonic shadow that hangs over public education today. Second, movements toward the standardization of funding, curriculum, and evaluation support the further commodification of public schooling. The “accountability” that standardization offers, the “back to basics” that it aims for, is counter to the potential that public education might critically inform citizens and seek social justice. Third, movements toward the privatization of public schooling under the guise of “choice” and “mobility”, brought on by manufactured crisis, serve only to widen socio-economic inequities as capitalist neoliberal interests seek profit in both the product of public schools and in schooling itself. If we recognize and understand the power of public education to inform vast numbers of citizens who will, in turn, either maintain or reform society, we must ask: What do we want public education to be? What are the effects of continuing down historically conventional and increasingly standardized paths? What do progressive pedagogies offer? How might teachers destandardize their pedagogy and pursue equitable opportunities for marginalized students? How might students name themselves and their world, that they might play a part in its reimagining? For whom do we teach, and under what conditions? From where do we teach, and why? For educators to ask these questions, and to employ what they discover, will necessitate taking substantial risks. It will necessitate taking a stand and cannot be done alone. Teachers must seek out the collaboration of their students. They must offer students the time and the space to find their own voices, to create their own selves, and to envision previously uncharted paths on which we might walk together.

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Learning Analytics is an emerging field focused on analyzing learners’ interactions with educational content. One of the key open issues in learning analytics is the standardization of the data collected. This is a particularly challenging issue in serious games, which generate a diverse range of data. This paper reviews the current state of learning analytics, data standards and serious games, studying how serious games are tracking the interactions from their players and the metrics that can be distilled from them. Based on this review, we propose an interaction model that establishes a basis for applying Learning Analytics into serious games. This paper then analyzes the current standards and specifications used in the field. Finally, it presents an implementation of the model with one of the most promising specifications: Experience API (xAPI). The Experience API relies on Communities of Practice developing profiles that cover different use cases in specific domains. This paper presents the Serious Games xAPI Profile: a profile developed to align with the most common use cases in the serious games domain. The profile is applied to a case study (a demo game), which explores the technical practicalities of standardizing data acquisition in serious games. In summary, the paper presents a new interaction model to track serious games and their implementation with the xAPI specification.

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Analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros de unidade de terapia intensiva na prevenção da úlcera por pressão. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo desenvolvido com 13 enfermeiros da unidade de terapia intensiva do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), em Natal-RN. Foi aplicado um questionário, submetido à análise de conteúdo temática. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), sob o CAAE n. 0240.0.051.000-10. Resultados: os enfermeiros reportaram a realização da mudança de decúbito, a avaliação de risco, a discussão com os colegas sobre as medidas adotadas, a higiene e hidratação da pele do paciente através de uso de ácidos graxos essenciais e hidratante corporal, o cuidado com a disposição dos lençóis, de forma a evitar dobras, a utilização de colchão de ar e a aplicação de placas de hidrocoloide nas proeminências ósseas. Conclusão: a prática da prevenção das úlceras por pressão aplicada pelos enfermeiros da unidade de terapia intensiva ocorre sem padronização dos cuidados

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Com as constantes mudanças de mercado, as empresas enfrentam cada vez mais obstáculos para se manterem competitivas e inovadoras, para isso procuram formas de sobreviver seguindo filosofias e utilizando ferramentas que permita atingir os seus objetivos. A filosofia Lean é uma filosofia seguida por muitas empresas que pretendam criar valor eliminando desperdícios. O objetivo deste projeto passa pela implementação de ferramentas Lean de modo a criar estabilidade no processo produtivo, eliminando desperdícios e criando valor. Com foco neste objetivo estudou-se as principais fontes de variabilidade no processo produtivo nos 4M’s (Máquina, Método, Mão-de-Obra e Máquina). Após essa análise foram implementadas ações de melhoria como os 5S, criação de sistemas visuais, redução do tempos de setup e tempos de espera, introdução de kanbans e padronização dos métodos de trabalho.Com a implementação destas medidas foi possível tornar o processo produtivo mais estável e flexível, com capacidade para responder às constantes alterações de mercado.

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With the disorganized decentralization occurred in Brazil after the 1988 Constitution, municipalities have risen to the level of federal entities. This phenomenon became known as "municipalism" also brought some negative effects such as low capacity financial, economic and political of these entities. In the face of this reality , the municipalities sought in models of collaborative features to address public policy issues ultrarregionais, one of these models are the Public Consortia. Characterized as the organization of all federal entities that aim to solve public policy implementation alone that they could not, or spend great resources for such. This reality of the municipalities have an aggravating factor when looking at the situation in Metropolitan Regions (MRs). This is because the RMs has a historical process of formation that does not encourage cooperation, since that were created top-down during the military regime. Furthermore, the metropolitan municipalities have significant power asymmetries, localist vision, rigidity earmarked revenues, different scenarios conurbation, difficulty standardization of concepts and others that contribute to the vision of low cooperation of these metropolitan areas. Thus, the problem of this work is in the presence of collaborative arrangements, such as the Public Consortia in metropolitan areas, which are seen as areas of low cooperation. To elucidate this research was used for analysis the cases of CONDIAM/PB and Consórcio Grande Recife/PE, because they are apparently antagonistic, but with some points of similarity. The cases has as foundation the Theory of Common Resources, which provides the possibility of collective action through the initiative of individuals. This theory has as its methodology for analyzing the picture IAD Framework, which proposes its analysis based on three axes: external variables, the arena of action and results. The nature of the method of this research was classified as exploratory and descriptive. For the stage of date analysis, was used the method of document analysis and content, Further than of separation of the cases according to theur especificities. At the end of the study, noted that the CONDIAM/PB was a strategy of municipal government of Joao Pessoa to attract funds from the Federal Government for the purpose of to build a landfill, and over the years the ideology of cooperation was left aside, the prevailing view localist municipalities. In the case of Consórcio Grande Recife/PE, members act with some degree of cooperation, especially the collaborative aspect of the region, however, still prevails with greater strength the power of the state of Pernambuco in the decisions and paths of the consortium. Thus, was conclude that the Public Consortia analyzed are an experience of collaborative arrangement, from the initiative of members, as the theory of common resources says, but has not actually signed as a practice of collective action to overcome the dilemmas faced by metropolitan areas

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A cocaína é uma droga com ação estimulante no sistema nervoso central, extraída e refinada a partir da planta de coca (Erythroxylum coca). É característica por induzir o consumidor a um estado de hipervigilância reduzindo ao mesmo tempo, o cansaço e a fadiga. Este pó branco, cristalino, de sabor amargo, possui também um efeito anestésico local e vasoconstritor. As formas de apresentação mais comuns da droga são o cloridrato de cocaína e a cocaína crack. Esta droga destaca-se por ser o estimulante mais consumido na Europa com cerca de 3,4 milhões de consumidores estimados no ano de 2014. A prevalência do consumo desta droga em Portugal aumentou 0,3% de 2001, para 2012 na população geral (15-64 anos). Os estudos mais recentes em populações escolares (entre 2010 e 2011) evidenciaram, de um modo geral, o aumento da prevalência de consumo nesta população. Os efeitos adversos resultantes, tanto a nível físico como psíquico, são vários, sendo as manifestações orofaciais as que mais interferem na Qualidade de vida do toxicómano. As manifestações mais frequentes são as perfurações do septo nasal e palatino, bruxismo, gengivite, erosão dentária, xerostomia, cárie, lesões brancas atípicas e cefaleias em salva, tendo o Médico Dentista um papel importante no diagnóstico e tratamento destas lesões. A legislação, ao nível Europeu, sobre drogas procura uma uniformização das medidas aplicadas nos países membros, baseando-se no equilíbrio entre as sanções e o tratamento. Apesar das convenções das Nações Unidas sobre drogas limitarem o consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas exclusivamente para fins médicos e científicos, cabe aos países signatários a liberdade de decisão das políticas a adoptar em matérias de infrações penais como a posse e o consumo ilegal.

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Mestrado em Medicina Nuclear - Área de especialização: Tomografia por Emissão de Positrões

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Considering the need of communication between public management and society and its citizens, in a way which is more effective and transparent, the aim of this research was to analyze the transparency of public information presented by the managers of the portals of southern Brazil’s Federal Institutes. It is a qualitative and quantitative research, applied as its purpose, and exploratory as its aim. In order to explain the issue from the theoretical frameworks published, it will be used as a procedure the bibliographic research and the further study field research in the six southern Brazil’s Federal Institutes. Therefore, the theoretical framework approaches aspects about public transparency, concepts of information and communication in the public sector, and it presents measurement indexes of public transparency. The data collection with the Institutes sought to measure – in the portals – the level of transparency of the information presented by the managers, applying a search tool which provided the transparency index of eleven categories of the researched items, besides verifying the presence of the required items by Access to Information Law. In the sequence, it sought to verify the Institutes managers’ perception of the aspects which composes the proposed theme, for the purpose of observing how the process of communication between public agencies and the citizen is happening. The main results obtained emphasize, in a general way, a low level of public information propagation, with a lower average of propagation to the information about social, environmental and economic responsibility, and a greater average to the information related to the institution’s general data – from its management structure to its ordinance. It was also observed that no institution which was researched fully comply with the demands of the Access of Information Law. The results about the manager perceptio demonstrate a tendency in publishing the produced information, however, elements such disorganization of information in the portals, lack of standardization of the virtual structure and type of language to use, and lack of procedures of popular participation and interaction in the portals are determiners to bring problems in the access and in the communication with the public. Besides, the short time of institutions’ creation and the short time of the managers assuming their functions must be considered as a reflex of the found results. Therewith, the present study highlighted the importance of Public Transparency theme and it reached a positive result to a scientific and social contribution.

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As lipases e os biossurfactantes são compostos produzidos por microrganismos através de fermentações em estado sólido (FES) ou sumberso (FSm), os quais são aplicáveis nas indústrias alimentícia e farmacêutica, na bioenergia e na biorremediação, entre outras. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi otimizar a produção de lipases através de fermentação em estado sólido e fermentação submersa. Os fungos foram selecionados quanto à habilidade de produção de lipases através de FES e FSm e aqueles que apresentaram as maiores atividades lipolíticas foram utilizados na seleção de variáveis significativas e na otimização da produção de lipases nos dois modos de cultivo. Foram empregadas técnicas seqüenciais de planejamento experimental, incluindo planejamentos fracionários, completos e a metodologia de superfície de resposta para a otimização da produção de lipases. As variáveis estudadas na FES foram o pH, o tipo de farelo como fonte de carbono, a fonte de nitrogênio, o indutor, a concentração da fonte de nitrogênio, a concentração do indutor e a cepa do fungo. Na FSm, além das variáveis estudadas na FES, estudaram-se as variáveis concentração inicial de inóculo e agitação. As enzimas produzidas foram caracterizadas quanto à temperatura e pH ótimos e quanto à estabilidade a temperatura e pH. Nas condições otimizadas de produção de lipases, foi avaliada a correlação entre a produção de lipases e bioemulsificantes. Inicialmente foram isolados 28 fungos. Os fungos Aspergillus O- 4 e Aspergillus E-6 foram selecionados como bons produtores de lipases no processo de fermentação em estado sólido e os fungos Penicillium E-3, Trichoderma E-19 e Aspergillus O-8 como bons produtores de lipases através da fermentação submersa. As condições otimizadas para a produção de lipases através de fermentação em estado sólido foram obtidas utilizando-se o fungo Aspergillus O-4, farelo de soja, 2% de nitrato de sódio, 2% de azeite de oliva e pHs inferiores a 5, obtendo-se atividades lipolíticas máximas de 57 U. As condições otimizadas para a produção de lipases na fermentação submersa foram obtidas utilizando-se o fungo Aspergillus O-8, farelo de trigo, 4,5% de extrato de levedura, 2% de óleo de soja e pH 7,15. A máxima atividade obtida durante a etapa de otimização foi 6 U. As lipases obtidas por FES apresentaram atividades máximas a 35ºC e pH 6,0, enquanto que as obtidas por FSm apresentaram ótimos a 37ºC e pH 7,2. A estabilidade térmica das lipases produzidas via FSm foi superior a das lipases obtidas via FES, com atividades residuais de 72% e 26,8% após 1h de exposição a 90ºC e 60ºC, respectivamente. As lipases obtidas via FES foram mais estáveis em pH´s alcalinos, com atividades residuais superiores a 60% após 24 h de exposição, enquanto as lipases produzidas via FSm foram mais estáveis em pH´s ácidos, com 80% de atividade residual na faixa de pH entre 3,5 e 6,5. Na fermentação submersa a correlação entre a produção de lipases e a atividade emulsificante óleo em água (O/A) e água em óleo (A/O) dos extratos foi 95,4% e 86,8%, respectivamente, obtendo-se atividades emulsificantes máximas O/A e A/O de 2,95 UE e 42,7 UE. Embora a maior produção de lipases tenha sido obtida na fermentação em estado sólido, não houve produção concomitante de biossurfactantes. Os extratos da fermentação submersa apresentaram redução da tensão superficial de 50 mN m -1 para 28 mN m -1 e atividade antimicrobiana frente ao microrganismo S. aureus ATCC 25923, com potenciais antimicrobianos de 36 a 43% nos três primeiros dias de fermentação. A fermentação submersa foi a técnica que apresentou os melhores resultados de otimização da produção de lipases, bem como de produção simultânea de biossurfactantes.

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Mestrado em Controlo de Gestão e dos Negócios

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Työssä luodaan energiapuun varastonhallintamalli ja hankintamalli energiantuotantolaitoksen näkökulmasta sekä kuvataan kustannustehokkaita ja toimitusvarmoja vaihtoehtoja puupolttoaineen varastoinnille ja haketukselle. Varastonhallintamallissa keskitytään varastotason hallintamenetelmiin toimintaympäristössään. Hankintamalli määrittää oman varaston ja suoran laitostoimituksen suhteen sekä auttaa pohtimaan strategisen hankinnan merkitystä hankinnan toteuttamiseen ja hankintakanavien valintaan. Työ antaa vastauksia koko hankintatoiminnan toteutukseen ja hallitsemiseen. Varastonhallintamallin skenaariotarkastelussa selvisi, että yrityksen oma varasto vaatii 18 – 37 % varmuusvaraston suhteessa käyttövarastoon. Hankintamallin mukaan oman varaston kannattavimman puupolttoainejakeen hankintaetäisyys voisi olla keskimäärin korkeintaan 96 km. Tarpeen, saatavuuden, jakeiden kustannustasojen ja toimintaympäristön mahdollisuuksien ollessa selvillä, on mahdollista tehdä päätöksiä hankintakanavista ja varmuusvarastoista kustannustehokkuuden perusteella. Yrityksen polttoainemäärien ohjauksen toteutukseen vaaditaan kehittämistoimia. Oman toimintaympäristön vakiointi ja toimintamallien dokumentointi on tärkeää tiedonjaon, toimitussopimusten mitoittamisen ja toiminnan kehittämisen kannalta. Toiminnan pullonkaulojen vähentäminen ja puupolttoaineen ohjaaminen kustannustehokkaimpien haketusketjujen kautta mahdollisimman tehokkaasti synnyttävät kustannussäästöjä toimitusketjussa.

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Analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros de unidade de terapia intensiva na prevenção da úlcera por pressão. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo desenvolvido com 13 enfermeiros da unidade de terapia intensiva do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), em Natal-RN. Foi aplicado um questionário, submetido à análise de conteúdo temática. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), sob o CAAE n. 0240.0.051.000-10. Resultados: os enfermeiros reportaram a realização da mudança de decúbito, a avaliação de risco, a discussão com os colegas sobre as medidas adotadas, a higiene e hidratação da pele do paciente através de uso de ácidos graxos essenciais e hidratante corporal, o cuidado com a disposição dos lençóis, de forma a evitar dobras, a utilização de colchão de ar e a aplicação de placas de hidrocoloide nas proeminências ósseas. Conclusão: a prática da prevenção das úlceras por pressão aplicada pelos enfermeiros da unidade de terapia intensiva ocorre sem padronização dos cuidados

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade Gama, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2015.