María Ignacia de Azlor y Echeverz y los colegios de la enseñanza en Nueva España 1754-1820.

Averiguar la obra e influjo de María Ignacia de Azlor y Echeverz, 1715-1767; contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de las aportaciones de los colegios de la Enseñanza a la historia educativa de México durante el virreinato; y estudiar la situación educativa de la mujer mexicana. A lo largo de doce capítulos se estudia la personalidad y obra de María Ignacia de Azlor y Echeverz. Esta criolla novohispana del XVIII, enriquecida con una cultura no común en su época, trabajó y luchó por hacer accesible la educación a toda mujer y abrió el 11 de enero de 1755 la primera escuela pública femenina de la ciudad de México. Analiza su consolidación y expandión hasta 1820; el contenido e influjo de la Real Cédula del 22 de mayo de 1774; y la expansión de los colegios de la enseñanza en Nueva España. Documentos inéditos hallados en México, España, Francia, Roma y Mendoza (Argentina). Estudiar y examinar el material catalogado e investigar en archivos públicos y privados. Aportaciones pedagógicas de los colegios de la enseñanza a la educación femenina novohispana.

Memoria de la experiencia educativa de actividades culturales.

Ejemplar fotocopiado. Carece de datos de publicación. Fecha tomada del curso escolar en el que se realizó la memoria

La estrategia del caballo : y otras fábulas para trabajar en el aula.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Herramientas 2.0 al servicio del e-learning colaborativo.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Representación cultural, medios de comunicación y educación.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico sobre La comunicación humana. Retos en los umbrales del milenio

¿La escuela en el diario o el diario en la escuela?

El artículo forma parte de una monografía sobre comunicación, educación y democracia

Estudio teórico y práctico de la tercera edad.

Estudiar de forma general la etapa de la vejez. Se divide en parte teórica y en parte práctica. En la primera parte se trata de explicar los conceptos de tercera edad, educación y residencia. A continuación de estos conceptos se intentan explicar los problemas que pueden tener las personas mayores en la vejez: problemas físico-psíquicos, marginación social, desajuste familiar y problemas económicos. También se hace referencia a la terapia ocupacional, explicando los beneficios que esta práctica proporciona en la vejez. La segunda parte es más práctica y trata de contrastar los conceptos mencionados anteriormente con la realidad. Para ello empieza con un estudio general sobre la Residencia 'San Rafael' situada en la ciudad de Salamanca haciendo referencia a su situación geográfica, organigrama y aspectos recreativos y culturales. Se finaliza con un apartado de investigación llevado a cabo en la residencia mencionada. El método utilizado es la entrevista por su valor de contacto directo con las personas, dando la posibilidad a estas de que incluyan sus opiniones. Las entrevistas se hicieron a seis personas preguntando sobre su juventud, salud, economía, ámbito familiar, etc.. 1) Las personas que han participado en el estudio tienen un nivel cultural y económico bastante pobre, 2) En general padecen enfermedades de edades avanzadas, 3) Todos coinciden en que su estado anímico es muy bueno, 4) Todos afirman haber perdido memoria pero no de manera significativa. Reconocen acordarse mejor de cosas pasadas que de situaciones o hechos recientes, 5) Las mujeres encuestadas son mayores que los hombres y sin embargo gozan de mejor salud, 6) En cuanto al tiempo libre resaltan la actividad de pasear, jugar a las cartas, visitar a familiares o amigos, ver la televisión y escuchar la radio, 7) En lo relativo a la religión y la muerte: todos los encuestados se declaran católicos practicantes y hablan de la muerte de una manera natural y la aceptan como algo normal en el ciclo vital del ser humano, 8) En lo relativo a la vida actual todos coinciden en que hoy se disfruta de mejores condiciones pero ninguno cree que esta mejora pueda superar la tranquilidad que tenían en su época, refiriéndose a la falta de justicia, 9) En general los mayores que se encuentran en residencias presentan problemas de tipo afectivo, pero la socialización con los demás compañeros hace que se encuentren mejor en las residencias que solos en sus casas, 10) Por último, se señala la importancia de crear programas para la preparación de la vejez organizados desde las instituciones públicas y con profesionales especializados.

Formación y educación ambiental : una experiencia integradora de aprendizaje basado en los problemas del territorio.

Monográfico con el título: 'Ambientalización curricular y sostenibilidad: nuevos retos de profesionalización docente'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Método de cromoterapia combinada para trastornos de conducta

Monográfico con el título: "Fortalecer la institución escolar".

Social interactions and resource ownership in two private protected areas of Paraguay

This paper describes the results of field research to dissect how social interactions differ between two reserves in Paraguay having very different styles of governance. The two reserves were Mbaracayu Natural Forest Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque de Mbaracayti, RNBM) and San Rafael Managed Resource Reserve (Reserva de Recursos Manejados San Rafael, RRMSR). RNBM is a private reserve owned by a non-governmental organisation. while RRNISR is a publicly-managed reserve, albeit with a substantial degree of private land ownership. Both reserves are intended to protect Atlantic Forest, one of the five world biodiversity 'hotspots', and also one of the most highly threatened. Each reserve and its buffer zone comprises a set of stakeholders, including indigenous communities and farmers, and the paper explores the interactions between these and the management regime. Indeed, while the management regimes of the two reserves are different, one being highly top-down (RNBM) and the other more socially inclusive (RRMSR), the issues that they have to deal with are much the same. However, while both management regimes will readily acknowledge the need to address poverty, inequality appears to be a far more sensitive issue. Whereas this may be expected for the privately-owned RNBM it is perhaps more surprising in RRNISR even when allowing for the fact that much of the land in the latter is in private hands. It is argued that the origins of this sensitivity rest within the broader features of Paraguayan society, and the prevalence of private land ownership. Yet ironically, it is the inequality in land ownership that is perhaps the most significant threat to conservation in both reserves. Therefore, while reserve-level analyses can provide some insight into the driving forces at play in the interaction between conservation and sustainable management, larger scales may be necessary to gain a fuller appreciation of the dynamics operating at site level. Even in a society with a history of centralised control these dynamics may be surprising. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Protozoários de vida livre em ambientes aquáticos do RN: ocorrência, caracterização e importância para a educação básica

Water is considered an essential right to life, besides being a determinant of economic development and social welfare, represented by both the quantity available, and the quality. In semi-arid Northeast, droughts occurring on a regular basis combined with human activities, aggravate the situation regarding the conservation of water resources in this area. To alleviate this condition is common to construction of artificial reservoirs, such as reservoirs and dams. As in natural aquatic environments, these reservoirs are potential sites for the proliferation, growth and development of diverse biological communities, whether of animals, plants and microorganisms. Research on the composition and ecology of these communities, especially microbial, are still restricted. One of the least studied groups in these environments are free-living protozoa, which over time have been neglected and after discoveries about its various functions in the aquatic ecosystem are beginning to receive more attention from scholars. They are, in quantitative terms, the most important consumers of microorganisms (mainly bacteria and algae) in aquatic environments, and therefore control the abundance of these. They may therefore influence the structure of the aquatic food chain in terms of species composition, abundance, biomass and biodiversity. Despite the recognition of the importance of protozoa in the final of the trophic transfer in aquatic environments, there are few data and, in general, are still precarious knowledge of them. Given the importance of protozoa in aquatic environments and the paucity of research on this group, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the present study aimed at identifying the genus and species of free-living protozoa that are present in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Dam as well as to relate the occurrence and dynamics of the trophic conditions in the environment in which they are inserted, in order to support the hypothesis that species that are in these environments can serve to indicate the water quality. We observed the presence of 65 taxa of free-living protozoa, of which 29 were identified at the species level. There was a similarity space in taxonomic composition of protozoa, suggesting a possible regulation of this type of community for limnological variables other than those studied in this work (chlorophyll a, pH, temperature). Although it was aimed to analyze the conceptions of teachers and students from nearby towns Dam Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, on issues relating to water quality and the role of protozoa. For this, we applied questionnaires with teachers and pupils of public schools of San Rafael and Itajá. It was concluded that teachers and students recognize the multi-dam Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, although unaware of important aspects of the dynamics and ecology of this environment. Conceptions of teachers and students are matched at various times, especially with regard to waterborne diseases. In an attempt to identify possible misconceptions about the knowledge of the protozoa, assuming that these organisms have neglected their ecological role, and are seen as only, disease, a study was done with teachers and students, following a particular methodology that allowed look so clear and precise results. It was clear that knowledge about the free-living protozoa is still quite limited. The alternative conceptions that were found show a direct relation of protozoans and diseases. From the data obtained by these studies, we planned a series of science communication activities, environmental education and health education in schools close to study environments in order to promote a didactic transposition of accumulated knowledge about these organisms, favoring continuing education of teachers and the increase of information to the local community through the knowledge of biodiversity and ecology of these organisms. Moreover, the results found in this study and reflections on it that led to propose the elaboration of a book Readers with an emphasis on the group of freeliving protozoa in the populations for use in public schools in the region where it was developed the semiarid work

Influence of Implant Inclination Associated With Mandibular Class I Removable Partial Denture

The aim of this study was to use two-dimensional finite element method to evaluate the displacement and stress distribution transmitted by a distal extension removable partial denture (DERPD) associated with an implant placed at different inclinations (0, 5, 15, and 30 degrees) in the second molar region of the edentulous mandible ridge. Six hemimandibular models were created: model A, only with the presence of the natural tooth 33; model B, similar to model A, with the presence of a conventional DERPD replacing the missing teeth; model C, similar to the previous model, with a straight implant (0 degrees) in the distal region of the ridge, under the denture base; model D, similar to model C, with the implant angled at 5 degrees in the mesial direction; model E, similar to model C, with the implant angled at 15 degrees in the mesial direction; and model F, similar to ME, with the implant angled at 30 degrees in the mesial direction. The models were created with the use of the AutoCAD 2000 program (Autodesk, Inc, San Rafael, CA) and processed for finite element analysis by the ANSYS 8.0 program (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, PA). The force applied was vertical of 50 N on each cusp tip. The results showed that the introduction of the RPD overloaded the supporting structures of the RPD and that the introduction of the implant helped to relieve the stresses of the mucosa alveolar, cortical bone, and trabecular bone. The best stress distribution occurred in model D with the implant angled at 5 degrees. The use of an implant as a support decreased the displacement of alveolar mucosa for all inclinations simulated. The stress distribution transmitted by the DERPD to the supporting structures was improved by the use of straight or slightly inclined implants. According to the displacement analysis and von Mises stress, it could be expected that straight or slightly inclined implants do not represent biomechanical risks to use.

Management and water resources in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

La gestión de los recursos hídricos en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Carta Circular de la Red de Cooperación en la Gestión Integral de Recursos Hídricos para el Desarrollo Sustentable en América Latina y el Caribe N° 41

El tema del diseño de sistemas apropiados de gestión del agua reviste enorme importancia para América Latina y el Caribe. En este documento, se destaca la asistencia técnica dada a un gran número de países en la formulación y puesta en marcha de leyes, regulaciones y políticas públicas relacionadas con los recursos hídricos. Esto siempre hecho bajo la óptica de que la inserción sustentable del agua en la economía y en la sociedad depende de un adecuado equilibrio entre intereses públicos, ambientales, económicos, sociales y privados.