Avaliação funcional pré e pós programa de exercício físico de pacientes em hemodialise

Model Study: An experimental study Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) refers to a syndromic diagnosis which leads to a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. A hemodialysis patient may have limitations in functional capacity, pulmonary function and respiratory musclular strength impacting in quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an exercise program on pulmonary function, functional capacity, quality of life and pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methodology: The study included 28 patients of both genders, women and men aged between 40 and 60 years undergoing dialysis at the Kidney Institute, Santa Casa de Misericordia in Presidente Prudente-SP. Primary outcomes included respiratory muscular strength measurements assessed by manovacuometry. The functional capacity was evaluated by a six minute walking test. A life quality questionnaire was applied to evaluate quality of life (SF36-KDQOL). Lung function was evaluated by spirometry. Pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale. The exercise program consisted of training 3 times a week for 40 minutes on hemodialysis during eight weeks. At the end of the program all patients were reassessed. Results: There was no significant difference in the values of FVC and FEV1 before and after the exercise program as well as the index Tiffenau. The value of post MIP was significantly higher than the value obtained in the pre program. For variable MEP no significant difference was found. Functional capacity evaluations showed that there were no significant differences (p> 0.05). The evaluation of quality of life, about the domains of specific areas of CKD showed statistical significance when comparing the list of symptoms and problems with overloading of renal disease and professional role. Indicators related to pain were significantly reduced after the program (P <0.05). Discussion: A chronic kidney patient faces complex situations of physical, social and financial aspects. Although no statistically significant results were found in all variables, the study corroborates to others found in the literature, which suggests that an exercise program can be positive for this population. Conclusion: Although lung capacity and functional capacity did not submit changes to the end of the study, reduced levels of pain, fatigue and dyspnea suggest improvement in functional performance after exercise programs.

Simulação do impacto ambiental de uma proposta de programa de reciclagem no município de Cachoeira Paulista/SP

A reciclagem é uma importante ferramenta para a gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares, como cita a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos. Assim esta pesquisa visa quantificar o impacto ambiental que um programa de reciclagem, com o objetivo de reciclar 20% dos resíduos passíveis de reciclagem, causaria na cidade de Cachoeira Paulista/SP. Para isso, foi utilizado o Waste Reduction Model para simular os dados e calcular a Emissão dos Gases de Efeito Estufa (MTCO2E e MTCE) e quantidade de Energia (Kwh). Um programa de reciclagem de 20% tem oportunidade de reduzir, em um ano e em relação a situação sem reciclagem, aproximadamente em 49% a quantidade de CO2 e C equivalentes, além de economizar em Kwh o equivalente ao gasto por um mês de energia elétrica de 9400 residências.

Medidas de condutividade A.C. e constante dielétrica na perovskita dupla Ca1.2 La0.8 FeIrO6

This work introduces the results from the performing of impedance spectroscopy on the transition metals oxide Ca1.2La0.8FeIrO6. It was sought to understand the behavior of one sample from its impedance spectra for different AC voltages and temperature values and if an applied external magnetic field at room temperature would cause some change on it. The results revealed that the Ca1.2La0.8FeIrO6 at high temperatures shows conductive and inductive behavior and that the resistance increases with frequency, phenomenon known as Kelvin effect. At 150 K, the spectrum real part no longer consists with the theoretical prediction of Kelvin effect, starting to be influenced by the utilized voltages, condition that inexists on theory. At low temperatures (10, 20, 30 K) it was observed resistive and capacitive behavior, being possible on these conditions, associate to the sample a paralel RC circuit in series with a contact resistance with a fitting from the ZSim software. This fitting allowed the obtaining of capacitance, DC resistance and contact resistance values. The application of a 700G magnetic field at room temperature didn't cause changes on the spectra

Cytochrome c-promoted cardiolipin oxidation generates singlet molecular oxygen

The interaction of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) induces protein conformational changes that favor peroxidase activity. This process has been correlated with CL oxidation and the induction of cell death. Here we report evidence demonstrating the generation of singlet molecular oxygen [O-2((1)Delta(g))] by a cyt c-CL complex in a model membrane containing CL. The formation of singlet oxygen was directly evidenced by luminescence measurements at 1270 nm and by chemical trapping experiments. Singlet oxygen generation required cyt c-CL binding and occurred at pH values higher than 6, consistent with lipid-protein interactions involving fully deprotonated CL species and positively charged residues in the protein. Moreover, singlet oxygen formation was specifically observed for tetralinoleoyl CL species and was not observed with monounsaturated and saturated CL species. Our results show that there are at least two mechanisms leading to singlet oxygen formation: one with fast kinetics involving the generation of singlet oxygen directly from CL hydroperoxide decomposition and the other involving CL oxidation. The contribution of the first mechanism was clearly evidenced by the detection of labeled singlet oxygen [O-18(2)((1)Delta(g))] from liposomes supplemented with 18-oxygen-labeled CL hydroperoxides. However quantitative analysis showed that singlet oxygen yield from CL hydroperoxides was minor (<5%) and that most of the singlet oxygen is formed from the second mechanism. Based on these data and previous findings we propose a mechanism of singlet oxygen generation through reactions involving peroxyl radicals (Russell mechanism) and excited triplet carbonyl intermediates (energy transfer mechanism).

Influence of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Vitamin C, Myeloperoxidase, and Oral Clinical Manifestations: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study

Background: Bariatric surgery influences the intake and absorption of nutrients. The serum concentrations of vitamin C, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and oral clinical manifestations were examined in patients two years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods: Clinical prospective-study with control-group (CG; n = 26), assessed only once, and the bariatric-group (BG; n = 26), assessed in the basal period and at 12 and 24 months after surgery. The mean ages in the CG and BG were 37.8 +/- 1.51 and 39.6 +/- 1.93 years, respectively, and their body mass indices were 22.07 +/- 0.29 and 45.62 +/- 1.46 kg/m2, respectively. Results: At 12 months after surgery, increased episodes of vomiting (P < .001) and dental hypersensitivity (P=.012) were observed, with a reduction in the saliva buffering capacity of 21.3 2.9% (P=.004). At 24 months after RYGB, we detected a significant reduction in serum vitamin C (32.9 +/- 5.3%, P < .001) and MPO values were higher than in the basal period (P = .032). With regard to oral hygiene habits, 92.3% of patients reported frequent tooth brushing and 96.1% used fluoride, which were similar across the two years. However, dental hypersensitivity (P = .048) was significantly increased than baseline. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that vitamin C deficiency and increased vomiting after RYGB for morbid obesity may contribute to increased periodontal disease. The fact it is impossible to determine which factors (diet, poor compliance with supplementation, vomiting, poor oral hygiene) contributed to the dental problems in these patients is a shortcoming of the report. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2012; 27: 114-121)

Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil, 2005 through 2009: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Hepatitis C chronic liver disease is a major cause of liver transplant in developed countries. This article reports the first nationwide population-based survey conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies and associated risk factors in the urban population of Brazil. Methods The cross sectional study was conducted in all Brazilian macro-regions from 2005 to 2009, as a stratified multistage cluster sample of 19,503 inhabitants aged between 10 and 69 years, representing individuals living in all 26 State capitals and the Federal District. Hepatitis C antibodies were detected by a third-generation enzyme immunoassay. Seropositive individuals were retested by Polymerase Chain Reaction and genotyped. Adjusted prevalence was estimated by macro-regions. Potential risk factors associated with HCV infection were assessed by calculating the crude and adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p values. Population attributable risk was estimated for multiple factors using a case–control approach. Results The overall weighted prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies was 1.38% (95% CI: 1.12%–1.64%). Prevalence of infection increased in older groups but was similar for both sexes. The multivariate model showed the following to be predictors of HCV infection: age, injected drug use (OR = 6.65), sniffed drug use (OR = 2.59), hospitalization (OR = 1.90), groups socially deprived by the lack of sewage disposal (OR = 2.53), and injection with glass syringe (OR = 1.52, with a borderline p value). The genotypes 1 (subtypes 1a, 1b), 2b and 3a were identified. The estimated population attributable risk for the ensemble of risk factors was 40%. Approximately 1.3 million individuals would be expected to be anti-HCV-positive in the country. Conclusions The large estimated absolute numbers of infected individuals reveals the burden of the disease in the near future, giving rise to costs for the health care system and society at large. The known risk factors explain less than 50% of the infected cases, limiting the prevention strategies. Our findings regarding risk behaviors associated with HCV infection showed that there is still room for improving strategies for reducing transmission among drug users and nosocomial infection, as well as a need for specific prevention and control strategies targeting individuals living in poverty.

Prevalence of the BRCA1 founder mutation c.5266dupin Brazilian individuals at-risk for the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome

About 5-10% of breast and ovarian carcinomas are hereditary and most of these result from germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. In women of Ashkenazi Jewish ascendance, up to 30% of breast and ovarian carcinomas may be attributable to mutations in these genes, where 3 founder mutations, c.68_69del (185delAG) and c.5266dup (5382insC) in BRCA1 and c.5946del (6174delT) in BRCA2, are commonly encountered. It has been suggested by some authors that screening for founder mutations should be undertaken in all Brazilian women with breast cancer. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of three founder mutations, commonly identified in Ashkenazi individuals in a sample of non-Ashkenazi cancer-affected Brazilian women with clearly defined risk factors for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Among 137 unrelated Brazilian women from HBOC families, the BRCA1c.5266dup mutation was identified in seven individuals (5%). This prevalence is similar to that encountered in non-Ashkenazi HBOC families in other populations. However, among patients with bilateral breast cancer, the frequency of c.5266dup was significantly higher when compared to patients with unilateral breast tumors (12.1% vs 1.2%, p = 0.023). The BRCA1 c.68_69del and BRCA2 c.5946del mutations did not occur in this sample. We conclude that screening non-Ashkenazi breast cancer-affected women from the ethnically heterogeneous Brazilian populations for the BRCA1 c.68_69del and BRCA2 c.5946del is not justified, and that screening for BRCA1c.5266dup should be considered in high risk patients, given its prevalence as a single mutation. In high-risk patients, a negative screening result should always be followed by comprehensive BRCA gene testing. The finding of a significantly higher frequency of BRCA1 c.5266dup in women with bilateral breast cancer, as well as existence of other as yet unidentified founder mutations in this population, should be further assessed in a larger well characterized high-risk cohort.

Avaliação do molhamento da matriz de um concreto refratário (Al2O3-SiC-SiO2-C) por escórias sintéticas contendo distintos teores de MgO

O comportamento de espalhamento de quatro escórias sintéticas foi investigado pelo método da gota séssil, quando em contato com a matriz de um concreto refratário contendo alto teor de carbono e carbeto de boro como agente antioxidante. A evolução do molhamento do sólido foi monitorada a 1450, 1550 e 1650 ºC por 1800 s. Além disso, simulações termodinâmicas foram efetuadas, usando o programa FactSage®, visando promover um maior entendimento das reações químicas que podem ocorrer na interface dos materiais avaliados. Foi observado que a composição química do líquido afetou diretamente o espalhamento deste e quanto maior o teor de MgO na composição da escória, maiores foram os valores do ângulo de contato entre líquido e sólido. No entanto, em altas temperaturas e tempos prolongados, foram verificadas a formação de bolhas na superfície do líquido e a infiltração das escórias nos poros do refratário. Estes fatores afetaram negativamente e tornaram menos conclusivos os dados coletados nos ensaios propostos, apontando que ainda são necessários aperfeiçoamentos da técnica de molhabilidade para a avaliação de materiais complexos, tais como os concretos refratários.

Evaluación de la hiperbilirrubinemia como factor de riesgo de hipoacusia neurosensorial en el programa de screening universal de hipoacusia infantil del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria ente los años 2007 al 2011

Programa de doctorado: Avances en Traumatología, Medicina del Deporte y Cuidados de Heridas.

Efectividad de un programa de prevención de fisioterapia en la incidencia de linfedema postmastectomía en el Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín

[ES] El linfedema es un edema progresivo del tejido blando subcutáneo debido a la acumulación de linfa. Es una complicación crónica, que acontece frecuentemente durante los dos primeros años tras la cirugía y requiere tratamiento fisioterapéutico y medidas preventivas para evitar recidivas. Objetivo: Comprobar la efectividad de la intervención fisioterapéutica precoz en la incidencia de linfedema.  Metodología: Se plantea un estudio longitudinal prospectivo descriptivo de 3 años de duración con un período de reclutamiento de aproximadamente 6 meses, durante el cual la muestra será dividida en dos grupos. El grupo control seguirá las pautas del actual protocolo del H.U.G.C. Dr. Negrin y en el grupo de intervención se aplicará el programa de prevención propuesto en este estudio. 

Programa de prácticas de trabajo UNC–Pymes vitivinícolas mendocinas

El objetivo general que se propone para esta investigación es Desarrollar un Programa de Prácticas de Trabajo, en las Empresas Vitivinícolas Pymes de la Provincia de Mendoza en conjunto con la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, bajo el marco de la ISO 26000 de Responsabilidad Social Empresaria y tomando como modelo la Ordenanza Nº17/2000 C-S de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. El alumno egresado no cuenta con conocimiento de la realidad de las empresas. Por ello se propone un “Programa de Prácticas de Trabajo" donde se otorgará experiencia comprobable al futuro egresado. Y con la posibilidad de acercar las Empresas Vitivinícolas Pymes de Mendoza a la Universidad. Este trabajo cuenta con las siguientes limitaciones: a- Sólo será un estudio de factibilidad ( no se aplicará) b- La fuente de información más importante es el personal de la Facultad, opinión de alumnos. c- El egresado no cuenta con experiencia comprobable en el mayor de los casos. d- Necesidad de integrar Universidad con empresas, para que las mismas puedan contar con futuros profesionales.

Contribuciones al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida y al desarrollo integral de los pobladores del noreste de la provincia de Mendoza : programa I + D

Se propone estudiar la problemática de los pobladores del desierto del noreste de Mendoza, dedicados a la cría de caprinos, en el afán por interpretar y transformar la realidad de estos pobladores. Incluye metodologías interdisciplinarias de proyectos referidos a: profundización del conocimiento de la problemática socio-ambiental y de las necesidades y aspiraciones de los pobladores, cuantificación de la oferta forrajera y su incremento, posibilidades de revegetación con gramíneas peretines nativas, uso adecuado de los bosques de algarrobo, producción caprina diversificada, implementación de huertas familiares y la producción local de energia eléctrica, a partir de energía solar. Los pobladores viven en puestos aislados y por lo general carecen de energía eléctrica, agua potable y tecnologías apropiadas. Existen problemas de salud con características propias, entre ellos patologías orales que son evaluadas y atendidas para lograr la sustentabilidad de la salud bucal. Se contempla una participación interactiva, en la cual la comunidad comparte el análisis, las decisiones y el desarrollo de las acciones.

Ley 25.673/02: Créase el Programa Nacional de Salud Sexual y Procreación Responsable, en el ámbito del Ministerio de Salud

Serán objetivos de este programa: a) Alcanzar para la población el nivel más elevado de salud sexual y procreación responsable con el fin de que pueda adoptar decisiones libres de discriminación, coacciones o violencia; b) Disminuir la morbimortalidad materno-infantil; c) Prevenir embarazos no deseados; d) Promover la salud sexual de los adolescentes; e) Contribuir a la prevención y detección precoz de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, de vih/sida y patologías genital y mamarias; f) Garantizar a toda la población el acceso a la información, orientación, métodos y prestaciones de servicios referidos a la salud sexual y procreación responsable; g) Potenciar la participación femenina en la toma de decisiones relativas a su salud sexual y procreación responsable.

Residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Aproximaciones sociológicas al medio ambiente : La gestión de los RSU en Argentina : el caso del Programa de Separación de Basura en Origen implementado por la Municipalidad de La Plata. Opiniones, actitudes y prácticas de los ciudadanos en torno al medio ambiente y al RSU

Habiéndose instalado como principio operativo hegemónico a nivel mundial, la perspectiva del desarrollo sustentable rige actualmente las políticas medioambientales en Argentina. La gestión integral de residuos sólidos urbanos (GIRSU) es consecuente con la idea de compatibilidad entre conservación del medio ambiente y crecimiento económico que postula el desarrollo sustentable. La Estrategia Nacional que busca instalarla en el país menciona una serie de fases dentro de las cuales se encuentra la segregación en origen. Por lo tanto, el programa de Separación de basura en origen implementado por la Municipalidad de La Plata desde 2008, parecería responder a dicha propuesta. Sin embargo, la ausencia de un marco normativo correspondiente y de una política que contemple la totalidad de las etapas de gestión de la basura, hacen del programa una fase operativa desvinculada del proceso global de GIRSU. Entonces, partiendo del enfoque conceptual de la Sociología Medioambiental, esta investigación busca dar cuenta del posicionamiento actual de la población respecto de la cuestión del medio ambiente y del RSU a través de reconocer las opiniones, actitudes y prácticas de los ciudadanos de La Plata en torno al ambiente en general y al RSU en particular en el marco del programa de separación de basura en origen. Mediante la indagación de la opinión pública a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado, se llega a la conclusión de que existe entre la población de La Plata un alto conocimiento aunque escasa participación en el Programa de Separación de Basura en Origen. Sin embargo, el alto porcentaje de población que realiza un tipo alternativo de segregación de basura domiciliaria, demuestra una fuerte predisposición entre la población frente a dicha práctica. Por otro lado, si bien la población sostiene un discurso y unas prácticas altamente conservacionistas, los 3 mismos no implican necesariamente una conciencia y prácticas activas de índole conservacionista, no existiendo un activismo conservacionista propiamente dicho