Using social semantic knowledge to improve annotations in personal photo collections

Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL) e Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL)apoio concedido pela bolsa SPRH/PROTEC/67580/2010, que apoiou parcialmente este trabalho

Framework for the semantic alignment of enterprise’s domain knowledge

Nowadays, the consumption of goods and services on the Internet are increasing in a constant motion. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) mostly from the traditional industry sectors are usually make business in weak and fragile market sectors, where customized products and services prevail. To survive and compete in the actual markets they have to readjust their business strategies by creating new manufacturing processes and establishing new business networks through new technological approaches. In order to compete with big enterprises, these partnerships aim the sharing of resources, knowledge and strategies to boost the sector’s business consolidation through the creation of dynamic manufacturing networks. To facilitate such demand, it is proposed the development of a centralized information system, which allows enterprises to select and create dynamic manufacturing networks that would have the capability to monitor all the manufacturing process, including the assembly, packaging and distribution phases. Even the networking partners that come from the same area have multi and heterogeneous representations of the same knowledge, denoting their own view of the domain. Thus, different conceptual, semantic, and consequently, diverse lexically knowledge representations may occur in the network, causing non-transparent sharing of information and interoperability inconsistencies. The creation of a framework supported by a tool that in a flexible way would enable the identification, classification and resolution of such semantic heterogeneities is required. This tool will support the network in the semantic mapping establishments, to facilitate the various enterprises information systems integration.

A importância do manual escolar para o professor e alunos de Geografia e de História no 3º Ciclo

Se outrora o manual escolar era o único recurso disponível nas escolas, atualmente a sua utilização entra em competição com os recursos digitais, mais apelativos e dinâmicos. Estudos existentes demonstram a importância na utilização de ambos os recursos, existindo defensores e críticos para o seu uso. Este relatório não pretendeu entrar nessa discussão, mas refletiu acerca da importância do manual escolar para o professor e para o aluno do 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Na minha anterior experiencia como docente nunca tinha recorrido à utilização de recursos digitais. Deste modo e no âmbito do estágio realizado em duas escolas diferentes e depois de atribuídas as turmas para Geografia e História, optou-se pela lecionação das turmas do 8º ano através do manual escolar, ao passo que as turmas do 9º ano foram lecionadas através de recursos digitais. No final do estágio pude constatar que a utilização de recursos digitais revelou-se proveitosa na transmissão de conhecimentos aos alunos (à semelhança do manual escolar), mas requereu bastante tempo para a sua construção. Foram ainda aplicados 88 inquéritos aos alunos e não obstante os resultados demonstrarem uma ligeira tendência preferencial para a utilização de recursos digitais, a relação estabelecida com o professor e o sucesso na avaliação são aspetos capazes de persuadir essa preferência.

Utilização e criação de materiais didáticos para o ensino-aprendizagem de saberes culturais

O tema deste relatório de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada remete para a investigação de um modo específico de ensino-aprendizagem de conhecimentos culturais e socioculturais: a criação de materiais didáticos pelo professor e aluno. Ponderando as finalidades, os objetivos e as competências fomentadas em currículos elaborados pelo Ministério da Educação, a preocupação em divulgar os respetivos conteúdos e em estimular a curiosidade discente também se manifestou na consideração de outras orientações pedagógicas e no recurso a materiais variados, com o intuito de formar uma bagagem cultural necessária para o percurso de vida do aluno, enquanto cidadão (trans)nacional, responsável e autónomo. As atividades expostas neste trabalho foram dinamizadas em duas escolas públicas de Lisboa, com a colaboração de discentes do 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e do Ensino Secundário nas disciplinas de Português e de Espanhol Língua Estrangeira. Num primeiro tempo, explorou-se principalmente os materiais criados pela professora. Num segundo, solicitou-se gradualmente a responsabilidade do aluno no processo de ensinoaprendizagem, ao criar os seus próprios materiais. Finalmente, a docente usou e adaptou materiais pertencentes ao quotidiano para fins didáticos. A construção autónoma de aprendizagens referentes a saberes culturais revelouse limitada na hora de o discente se posicionar em qualidade de agente cultural, dentro e fora da sala de aula. Constatou-se a necessidade de realçar e desenvolver a participação discente recorrendo aos seus interesses e conhecimentos, interligados aos conteúdos programáticos a respeitar. Além disso, chegou-se à conclusão da importância da cooperação docente para fomentar e enriquecer o ensino-aprendizagem de saberes culturais, através de iniciativas como a articulação curricular, a partilha de materiais e a realização de reuniões para a discussão, reflexão e seleção de conteúdos a desenvolver com os alunos. Sugere-se, por conseguinte, uma maior coprodução entre docentes e discentes, bem como uma maior coatividade entre professores, nomeadamente para um ensino-aprendizagem eficiente de conhecimentos culturais e socioculturais no âmbito das disciplinas de Português e de Espanhol Língua Estrangeira.

Knowledge management framework based on brain models and human physiology

The life of humans and most living beings depend on sensation and perception for the best assessment of the surrounding world. Sensorial organs acquire a variety of stimuli that are interpreted and integrated in our brain for immediate use or stored in memory for later recall. Among the reasoning aspects, a person has to decide what to do with available information. Emotions are classifiers of collected information, assigning a personal meaning to objects, events and individuals, making part of our own identity. Emotions play a decisive role in cognitive processes as reasoning, decision and memory by assigning relevance to collected information. The access to pervasive computing devices, empowered by the ability to sense and perceive the world, provides new forms of acquiring and integrating information. But prior to data assessment on its usefulness, systems must capture and ensure that data is properly managed for diverse possible goals. Portable and wearable devices are now able to gather and store information, from the environment and from our body, using cloud based services and Internet connections. Systems limitations in handling sensorial data, compared with our sensorial capabilities constitute an identified problem. Another problem is the lack of interoperability between humans and devices, as they do not properly understand human’s emotional states and human needs. Addressing those problems is a motivation for the present research work. The mission hereby assumed is to include sensorial and physiological data into a Framework that will be able to manage collected data towards human cognitive functions, supported by a new data model. By learning from selected human functional and behavioural models and reasoning over collected data, the Framework aims at providing evaluation on a person’s emotional state, for empowering human centric applications, along with the capability of storing episodic information on a person’s life with physiologic indicators on emotional states to be used by new generation applications.

Ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira a Alunos Adultos: Prática Pedagógica, Manuais e o Papel do Professor

A língua, nas suas diversas vertentes, tem vindo a ser, desde tempos remotos, alvo de investigação, dada a sua importância como meio de comunicação e de transmissão de pensamento. Nas categorias atribuídas por Cook (2010), a língua tem também uma função social, útil à necessária convivência em comunidade. Esta obrigatória convivência entre povos não é um dado do presente, as constantes invasões, de que nos falam os relatos históricos, permitem-nos constatar a importância da língua nas imposições de poder que uns países exerciam sobre outros. O poder económico é, nos dias de hoje, ditado pela comunicação e informação, resultantes do necessário contacto entre diferentes países. Falar de modernidade implica falar em contágio de culturas, imperativo para a relação dos sujeitos com o meio envolvente. Conceitos como interculturalidade, multilinguismo e multiculturalidade ganham espaço e tornam-se fundamentais para a integração desses indivíduos. O convívio entre pessoas oriundas de diversas partes do mundo é responsável pelo aparecimento de novas necessidades de aprendizagem, muito vocacionadas para o conhecimento de línguas, considerado como um bem essencial. O interesse pelo outro e pela sua língua é extensível ao interesse pela sua cultura. Integrado num universo cada vez maior de aprendentes de português como LE, o presente estudo centra-se num público-alvo muito específico, alunos adultos residentes em Portugal que se encontram a trabalhar em empresas multinacionais, fruto da constante mobilidade a que assistimos atualmente. Sendo esta uma realidade com especificidades que não encontram eco nos estudos empíricos, especialmente dedicados à investigação de estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem de PLE, o trabalho apresentado pretende focar alguns aspetos que possam concorrer para o desenvolvimento teórico em torno desta matéria. Num contexto empresarial, é o professor que se desloca ao local de trabalho dos alunos, onde os mesmos pretendem aprender uma língua estrangeira. A adaptação a estes contextos tem início na observação feita aos alunos, às suas necessidades e características e culmina no contexto físico onde o ensinante exerce a sua atividade. Muitos são os fatores que convergem para o sucesso ou insucesso destas aulas, nas quais o professor tem um papel fundamental. São inúmeras as dúvidas levantadas por si sobre os métodos a utilizar e os materiais a preparar, no sentido de poder melhorar, a cada dia, as suas abordagens pedagógicas e contribuir para o aumento de falantes ativos de português. Não pretendendo assumir-se como uma forma de responder a todas essas questões, o presente estudo debruça-se, essencialmente, sobre o papel do professor em contextos designados como empresariais, aludindo a algumas estratégias a adotar em aula e ao tipo de materiais pedagógicos de que o ensinante se deverá munir, cuja análise é suportada nos resultados obtidos com a aplicação prática de exercícios a alunos adultos, numa ótica de ensino individualizado. Tendo em conta o contexto de aula mencionado, começa-se por fazer uma abordagem teórica à realidade atual marcada pela globalização, seguindo-se a referência a algumas estratégias de aprendizagem em língua estrangeira e à aceção de L1, L2 e LE defendidas por diferentes estudiosos.

Toxoplasmosis: an examination of knowledge among health professionals and pregnant women in a municipality of the State of Paraná

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of toxoplasmosis among professionals and pregnant women in the public health services in Paraná, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional observational and transversal study of 80 health professionals (44 nurses and 36 physicians) and 330 pregnant women [111 immunoglobulin M (IgM)- and IgG-non-reactive and 219 IgG-reactive] was conducted in 2010. An epidemiological data questionnaire was administered to the professionals and to the pregnant women, and a questionnaire about the clinical aspects and laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was administered to the professionals. Results The participants frequently provided correct responses about prophylactic measures. Regarding the clinical and laboratory aspects, the physicians provided more correct responses and discussed toxoplasmosis with the pregnant women. The professionals had difficulty interpreting the avidity test results, and the physicians stated that they referred pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies to a county reference center. Of the professionals, 53 (91.4%) reported that they instructed women during prenatal care, but only 54 (48.6%) at-risk pregnant women and 99 (45.2%) women who were not at risk reported receiving information about preventive measures. The physicians provided verbal instructions to 120 (78.4%) women, although instructional materials were available in the county. The pregnant women generally lacked knowledge about preventive measures for congenital toxoplasmosis, but the at-risk pregnant women tended to respond correctly. Conclusions This study provides data to direct public health policies regarding the importance of updating the knowledge of primary care professionals. Mechanisms should be developed to increase public knowledge because prophylactic strategies are important for preventing congenital toxoplasmosis.

Illness perception, knowledge and self-care about cervical cancer

Prevention plays a central role in early detection of cervical cancer. Common Sense Model proposes that the nature and organization of illness representations can guide actions related to health and how self-care is exercised. The aim of this study was to describe and compare illness perception, knowledge and self-care in women with and without cancer precursor lesions. Participants were 92 women (aged 18-59) from primary care unity divided into two groups: women with and without premalignant lesion. Measures for illness perception, knowledge and self-care were used. There was no statistically signifi cant difference (t test e chi-square test) between groups in the variables analyzed. Despite the risk for cervical cancer, women with precursor lesions do not adjust their illness perceptions, knowledge and self-care to the situation. These data show the need to warn women against the cervical cancer risks, because their distorted perceptions and lack of knowledge about the disease may hamper the screening and control of cervical cancer.

A função continente como capacidade de transformação para uma melhor expressão da criatividade

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Dengue in Brazil and Colombia: a study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Introduction This study was conducted in Brazil and Colombia,where dengue is endemic and vector control programs use chemical insecticides. Methods We identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices about dengue and determined the infestation levels of Aedes aegypti in one Brazilian and four Colombian communities. Results The surveys show knowledge of the vector, but little knowledge about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Vector infestation indices show Brazil to have good relative control, while Colombia presents a high transmission risk. Conclusions Given the multidimensionality of dengue control, vertical control strategies are inadequate because they deny contextualized methods, alternative solutions, and local empowerment.

Development of process control strategies exploiting knowledge from systems biology: application to MDCK suspension cells

Madine Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell lines have been extensively evaluated for their potential as host cells for influenza vaccine production. Recent studies allowed the cultivation of these cells in a fully defined medium and in suspension. However, reaching high cell densities in animal cell cultures still remains a challenge. To address this shortcoming, a combined methodology allied with knowledge from systems biology was reported to study the impact of the cell environment on the flux distribution. An optimization of the medium composition was proposed for both a batch and a continuous system in order to reach higher cell densities. To obtain insight into the metabolic activity of these cells, a detailed metabolic model previously developed by Wahl A. et. al was used. The experimental data of four cultivations of MDCK suspension cells, grown under different conditions and used in this work came from the Max Planck Institute, Magdeburg, Germany. Classical metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was used to estimate the intracellular flux distribution of each cultivation and then combined with partial least squares (PLS) method to establish a link between the estimated metabolic state and the cell environment. The validation of the MFA model was made and its consistency checked. The resulted PLS model explained almost 70% of the variance present in the flux distribution. The medium optimization for the continuous system and for the batch system resulted in higher biomass growth rates than the ones obtained experimentally, 0.034 h-1 and 0.030 h-1, respectively, thus reducing in almost 10 hours the duplication time. Additionally, the optimal medium obtained for the continuous system almost did not consider pyruvate. Overall the proposed methodology seems to be effective and both proposed medium optimizations seem to be promising to reach high cell densities.

Knowledge and practices related to dengue and its vector: a community-based study from Southeast Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the knowledge of users of primary healthcare services living in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, about dengue and its vector. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 605 people was conducted following a major dengue outbreak in 2013. RESULTS: Participants with higher levels of education were more likely to identify correctly the vector of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the relevance of health education programs, the continuous promotion of educational campaigns in the media, the role of the television as a source of information, and the importance of motivating the population to control the vector.

The World Health Organization Multi-Professional Patient Safety Curriculum : implementation of key modules and its impact on patient safety knowledge, skills, and attitudes of medical students at the University of Algarve

ABSTRACT - Objectives: We attempted to show how the implementation of the key elements of the World Health Organization Patient Safety Curriculum Guide Multi-professional Edition in an undergraduate curriculum affected the knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards patient safety in a graduate entry Portuguese Medical School. Methods: After receiving formal recognition by the WHO as a Complementary Test Site and approval of the organizational ethics committee , the validated pre-course questionnaires measuring the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to patient safety were administered to the 2nd and3rd year students pursuing a four-year course (N = 46). The key modules of the curriculum were implemented over the academic year by employing a variety of learning strategies including expert lecturers, small group problem-based teaching sessions, and Simulation Laboratory sessions. The identical questionnaires were then administered and the impact was measured. The Curriculum Guide was evaluated as a health education tool in this context. Results: A significant number of the respondents, 47 % (n = 22), reported having received some form of prior patient safety training. The effect on Patient Safety Knowledge was assessed by using the percentage of correct pre- and post-course answers to construct 2 × 2 contingency tables and by applying Fishers’ test (two-tailed). No significant differences were detected (p < 0.05). To assess the effect of the intervention on Patient Safety skills and attitudes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated for the pre and post-course responses, and independent samples were subjected to Mann-Whitney’s test. The attitudinal survey indicated a very high baseline incidence of desirable attitudes and skills toward patient safety. Significant changes were detected (p < 0.05) regarding what should happen if an error is made (p = 0.016), the role of healthcare organizations in error reporting (p = 0.006), and the extent of medical error (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The implementation of selected modules of the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum was associated with a number of positive changes regarding patient safety skills and attitudes, with a baseline incidence of highly desirable patient safety attitudes, but no measureable change on the patient safety knowledge, at the University of Algarve Medical School. The significance of these results is discussed along with implications and suggestions for future research.

An agent based architecture to support monitoring in plug and produce manufacturing systems using knowledge extraction

In recent years a set of production paradigms were proposed in order to capacitate manufacturers to meet the new market requirements, such as the shift in demand for highly customized products resulting in a shorter product life cycle, rather than the traditional mass production standardized consumables. These new paradigms advocate solutions capable of facing these requirements, empowering manufacturing systems with a high capacity to adapt along with elevated flexibility and robustness in order to deal with disturbances, like unexpected orders or malfunctions. Evolvable Production Systems propose a solution based on the usage of modularity and self-organization with a fine granularity level, supporting pluggability and in this way allowing companies to add and/or remove components during execution without any extra re-programming effort. However, current monitoring software was not designed to fully support these characteristics, being commonly based on centralized SCADA systems, incapable of re-adapting during execution to the unexpected plugging/unplugging of devices nor changes in the entire system’s topology. Considering these aspects, the work developed for this thesis encompasses a fully distributed agent-based architecture, capable of performing knowledge extraction at different levels of abstraction without sacrificing the capacity to add and/or remove monitoring entities, responsible for data extraction and analysis, during runtime.

A segurança dos consumidores

The present report, about consumer’s safety, shows the development of the knowledge on this particular subject and the actions carried out by entities that fight for the protection of consumer’s rights. The internship was based on the knowledge acquirement on the theoretical and practical aspects of the fight lead by the Direção Geral do Consumidor, together with other entities, towards the elimination or solely the reduction of risks caused by some products and services made available for the consumers or put on the market. During the internship, I counted with the support of my supervisor in the DGC, Dr. Ana Catarina Fonseca and, for the writing of the report, I had the help of my thesis advisor, Dr. Jorge Morais Carvalho, whenever I needed constructive criticism. My participation on the creation of the informative brochures about consumer’s safety, and the study of the legislation used by the DGC on the daily work, enabled me, effectively, to consolidate my guiding principles as a future professional on the matters of the creation of entities, private and public, which aim to ensure the protection of consumers’s rights, informing them of the possible risks or solving the already existing problems, removing dangerous products and services from the market.The report clarifies the action of the DGC on the protection of consumer’s safety, and enables some knowledge on the relations between the entities that work for the protection of the consumers and the market operators and on their work on identifying dangerous products and warning the consumers about it. The final part of this report contains information that allows us to form an idea of the importance that consumer safety has had in Cape Verde, compared with the laws of Portugal on the matter.