Otimização multiobjetivo na análise da integração de geração distribuída às redes de distribuição

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação metabólica em litíase urinária: papel do magnésio e sódio urinários como fatores de risco na litogênese

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Biologia molecular - técnica PCR: monitoração do efeito de curativos de demora à base de hidróxido de cálcio na microbiota de canais radiculares em dentes de humanos portadores de lesão periapical crônica

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

Criopreservação, indução de poliploidia e avaliação da estabilidade genética de orquídeas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Caça em assentamento rural no sul da floresta amazônica

Neste trabalho investiguei os efeitos sobre as populações locais de mamíferos silvestres das atividades de caça praticadas por sitiantes de um assentamento rural na Floresta Amazônica do norte do Estado de Mato Grosso. A segunda parte do Assentamento Japuranã, na qual foi realizado este estudo, foi ocupada ha três anos. Entrevistas formais foram realizadas com 17 moradores. Informações adicionais foram coletadas informalmente, durante todo tipo de contato com assentados durante o período de estudo. A maioria dos assentados são provenientes dos estados do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Tipicamente, são trabalhadores rurais, semi-analfabetos, com baixa renda mensal. As principais técnicas de caça praticadas são a "espera", "cachorros" e "excursão". A carne de caça se mostrou um elemento importante na alimentação aparecendo em cerca de um terço das refeições. A atividade de 14 caçadores foi monitorada entre maio e novembro de 2003, neste período eles abateram 113 mamíferos de 17 espécies. Análises da estrutura da população baseadas em crânios foram possíveis para apenas as espécies de porco-do-mato, Tayassu pecari (queixada) e Pecari tajacu (cateto). A análise indicou que a situação da estrutura da população do T. pecari e do P. tajacu é sensível e poderia seriamente ser afetada se a pressão da caça aumentar. Estimou-se a extração de 4096,3 kg de biomassa em uma área de aproximadamente 38 km2, representando um consumo médio de carne de 0,268 kg/pessoa por dia. Levantamentos populacionais de transecção linear foram realizados em três pontos, dois no assentamento e um em uma área vizinha de floresta contínua, como "controle", na qual a caça não é praticada. Num percurso total de 108 km, foram registradas quinze espécies de mamíferos e quatro de aves, com taxas de avistamento relativamente altas em comparação com outros sítios da Amazônia central e oriental. Entretanto, a riqueza de espécies e sua abundância foram maiores em ambos os pontos do assentamento em comparação com o controle. A abundância de ungulados (porcos-do-mato e veados.), os principais alvos dos caçadores, também foi maior no assentamento (ambos os pontos de coleta) em comparação com o controle. Isto sugere claramente que a caça ainda não teve um impacto significativo sobre as populações de mamíferos do assentamento, em termos de sua abundância, pelo menos. A maior parte da atividade de caça foi de subsistência (85,8%), a restante foi para o controle de animais predadores de criações domésticas (8,0%) ou depredatória (6,2%), neste caso, basicamente para a proteção dos cachorros durante perseguições. Apesar desta pressão, a abundância relativa de mamíferos na área do assentamento sugere que a caça seja sustentável a curto prazo (três anos), possivelmente em função da abundância natural de mamíferos na região, e a densidade populacional humana ainda baixa. Entretanto, esta situação pode durar pouco, já que o desmatamento e a conseqüente fragmentação de hábitat na área do assentamento é um processo contínuo, e a caça ocorre sem qualquer controle. Os resultados deste estudos fornecem uma base importante para o desenvolvimento de planos de manejo para a fauna local, envolvendo a comunidade local, órgãos fiscalizadores, o governo e instituições de pesquisa. Serão fundamentais tanto para conservação das espécies como pelo melhor aproveitamento dos recursos de caça pelos sitiantes locais.

Detecção e avaliação da atividade de lesões de cárie primária e secundária em superfícies oclusais: Estudos in vitro e in vivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Detecção de lesões de cárie oclusal por meio de métodos baseados na medição da fluorescência induzida pela luz

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cluster and meta-analyses of genetic parameters for feed intake traits in growing beef cattle

A data set based on 50 studies including feed intake and utilization traits was used to perform a meta-analysis to obtain pooled estimates using the variance between studies of genetic parameters for average daily gain (ADG); residual feed intake (RFI); metabolic body weight (MBW); feed conversion ratio (FCR); and daily dry matter intake (DMI) in beef cattle. The total data set included 128 heritability and 122 genetic correlation estimates published in the literature from 1961 to 2012. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model where the restricted maximum likelihood estimator was used to evaluate variances among clusters. Also, a meta-analysis using the method of cluster analysis was used to group the heritability estimates. Two clusters were obtained for each trait by different variables. It was observed, for all traits, that the heterogeneity of variance was significant between clusters and studies for genetic correlation estimates. The pooled estimates, adding the variance between clusters, for direct heritability estimates for ADG, DMI, RFI, MBW and FCR were 0.32 +/- 0.04, 0.39 +/- 0.03, 0.31 +/- 0.02, 0.31 +/- 0.03 and 0.26 +/- 0.03, respectively. Pooled genetic correlation estimates ranged from -0.15 to 0.67 among ADG, DMI, RFI, MBW and FCR. These pooled estimates of genetic parameters could be used to solve genetic prediction equations in populations where data is insufficient for variance component estimation. Cluster analysis is recommended as a statistical procedure to combine results from different studies to account for heterogeneity.

History, structure, and genetic diversity of Brazilian Gir cattle

The Gir cattle breed (Bos indicus) is an important genetic resource for milk production throughout the tropics. The small number of Gir animals introduced in Brazil, rapid dissemination of this breed recently, and the intensification of selection practices could contribute to increase of inbreeding level and reduce genetic diversity in this population. The population was analyzed in terms of pedigree completeness level, inbreeding coefficient, coancestry, generation interval, effective population size, effective number of founders and ancestors, among others. Despite the low mean inbreeding (around 2%), minor problems were identified in the population structure of the Brazilian Gir cattle, e.g., trend of narrower bottlenecks in the pedigree in recent years. The effective population sizes based on inbreeding (94) or coancestry (165.9) as well as the effective number of ancestors (76) and founders (143) were relativity high. The major subdivision of the Gir breed was observed between 1993 and 2002 (dairy and dual-purpose herds, wide use of within-herd matings). In this period the level of inbreeding remained at a higher level, there was a small increase in coancestry and the number of equivalent subpopulations was approximately 6. After 2002, there was genetic exchange between subpopulations, reduction in the average inbreeding, pronounced increase in the average coancestry, and the number of equivalent subpopulations was about 2. Furthermore, it was found that the mean generation interval of the population tended to increase in recent years (around 9 years). About 23% of genetic diversity has been lost since the first generation of founders. Based on the effective population size, number of equivalent subpopulations, inbreeding, coancestry, and loss of genetic diversity, the Gir population is still highly structured, but there is ample room for artificial selection. The results regarding the effective number of founders and ancestors in the present population demonstrate the existence of bottlenecks in the pedigree and indicate the need for population structure monitoring. Nevertheless, the Brazilian Gir breed can perfectly face a breeding program with high selection intensity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Risco climático, vulnerabilidade socioespacial e eventos climáticos extremos relacionados ao calor e ao frio no estado do Rio Grande do Sul- Brasil

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Determinants of baseline seroreactivity to human papillomavirus type 16 in the Ludwig-McGill cohort study

Background: Immunity plays an important role in controlling human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated lesions. Unlike infections caused by other viruses, natural HPV infection does not always result in a protective antibody response. Therefore, HPV antibodies are also considered markers of cumulative exposure. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of HPV16 seroreactivity at enrollment among women from the Ludwig-McGill cohort, a natural history study of HPV infection and risk of cervical neoplasia.Methods: HPV16 serology was assessed by ELISA for L1 and L2 capsid antigens, while HPV typing and viral load measurements were performed by PCR-based methods. The associations were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression.Results: Of 2049 subjects, 425 (20.7%) were strongly seropositive for HPV16. In multivariate analysis, seroreactivity was positively correlated with age, lifetime number of sexual partners, frequency of sex, and HPV16 viral load, and negatively associated with duration of smoking.Conclusions: HPV16 seroreactivity is determined by factors that reflect viral exposure.

Development and characterization of 32 microsatellite loci in Genipa americana (Rubiaceae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização topológica dos motivos das redes biológicas integradas da Escherichia coli e da Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The reducionism method has helped in the clari cation of functioning of many biological process. However, such process are extremely complex and have emergent properties that can not be explained or even predicted by reducionism methods. To overcome these limits, researchers have been used a set of methods known as systems biology, a new area of biology aiming to understand the interactions between the multiple components of biological processes. These interactions can be represented by a mathematical object called graph or network, where the interacting elements are represented by a vertex and the interactions by edges that connect a pair of vertexes. Into graphs it is possible to nd subgraphs, occurring in complex networks at numbers that are signi cantly higher than those in randomized networks, they are de ned as motifs. As motifs in biological networks may represent the structural units of biological processess, their detection is important. Therefore, the aim of this present work was detect, count and classify motifs present in biological integrated networks of bacteria Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cere- visiae. For this purpose, we implemented codes in MathematicaR and Python environments for detecting, counting and classifying motifs in these networks. The composition and types of motifs detected in these integrated networks indicate that such networks are organized in three main bridged modules composed by motifs in which edges are all the same type. The connecting bridges are composed by motifs in which the types of edges are diferent

Métodos analíticos para a identificação de espécies animais

The food industry has been rapidly modernized, and with this the disposal and the consumption of industrialized food has been increasing continually. These products lose their original morphological characteristics, requiring fast and reliable tests that could help to identify the species in question, as most fraudulent behavior in the milk and dairy industry (meat and fish) is carried out where there is partial or total exchange of the original material for other with less value at market. Nowadays there is a lot of techniques that can be used for the identification of animal species, based on muscle protein, or DNA analysis. In the case of protein based analysis, we can mention several types of electrophoresis and immunologic methods, as ELISA. In the case of DNA based methods, we have several assays that use the amplification of DNA fragments, known as PCR, as proof. All these techniques have advantages and disadvantages that can be affected by factors- the sample condition, or the degree of relation between the species in question. Because of this, it’s necessary that a continuous study looking for the improvement of the available techniques, making sure that the confirmation of food authenticity is in place. This is to ensure the true product value, to comply with labeling regulationand and protect the consumer of frauds

Sistema biométrico de identificação de pessoas utilizando poros e minúcias de impressões digitais

The use of physical characteristics for human identification is known as biometrics. Among the many biometrics traits available, the fingerprint is the most widely used. The fingerprint identification is based on the impression patterns, as the pattern of ridges and minutiae, characteristics of first and second levels respectively. The current identification systems use these two levels of fingerprint features due to the low cost of the sensors. However, the recent advances in sensor technology, became possible to use third level features present within the ridges, such as the perspiration pores. Recent studies show that the use of third-level features can increase security and fraud protection in biometric systems, since they are difficult to reproduce. In addition, recent researches have also focused on multibiometrics recognition due to its many advantages. The goal of this research project was to apply fusion techniques for fingerprint recognition in order to combine minutia, ridges and pore-based methods and, thus, provide more robust biometrics recognition systems, and also to develop an automated fingerprint identification system using these three methods of recognition. We evaluated isotropic-based and adaptive-based automatic pore extraction methods, and the fusion of pore-based method with the identification methods based on minutiae and ridges. The experiments were performed on the public database PolyUHRF and showed a reduction of approximately 16% in the EER compared to the best results obtained by the methods individually