988 resultados para Pitture Restauro Rimini S.Nicolò S.Michelino
Resumo:
Haver um investimento na preservação e restauro do património cultural na ilha da Madeira foi uma das principais questões levantadas durante a VI Conferência Anual da Ordem dos Economistas, realizada no dia 4 de Maio de 2012. Este restauro irá potenciar a valorização, utilização e rentabilização das quintas madeirenses, objecto de estudo desta dissertação, como património da Ilha da Madeira e como recurso sustentável turístico, económico e social da Região Autónoma da Madeira (RAM). Procura-se dar uma visão global da situação actual das quintas e propor perspectivas para a revitalização destes edifícios históricos com vista à sua valorização, através da sua utilização tanto pelo turismo da Madeira como pela população local. Esta proposta engloba a realização de circuitos turísticos de quintas madeirenses, assim como a reconstrução de algumas dessas quintas para o uso pela população local. Aqui será dado uma maior ênfase para a actual fase de intervenção contemplada no plano de estabilização financeira iniciado (2011-2014), bem como para a fase subsequente, circunstância em que será necessária a ajuda do sector privado para encontrar soluções economicamente sustentáveis que possam permitir estas propostas de valorização, rentabilização e auto-financiamento do património em questão. A dissertação está dividida em duas principais partes: na primeira é equacionado o estado da questão, faz-se uma inventariação e caracterização das quintas madeirenses, com os seus enormes espaços verdes e espaçosas casas, que tiveram um papel relevante no desenvolvimento no turismo, na sequência da procura de alojamentos, mas que hoje em dia estão condenadas ao abandono e degradação tanto do edifício como dos seus espaços circundantes; na segunda parte faz-se a análise e conclusão do potencial de valorização do recurso às quintas não só para o desenvolvimento de actividades para a população local como para o turismo da Ilha da Madeira, pondo em evidência a possibilidade de a actividade turística ser o alicerce máximo desse potencial.
Resumo:
Le thème du patrimoine culturel architectural et urbain continue d avoir une place importante dans le milieu technique et scientifique. Le concept s est élargi et aujourd hui comprend différentes procédures de projets d intervention. L importance accordée au thème amène à l inclusion de la matière de techniques rétrospectives et aux contenus qui en sont liés: conservation, restauration, restructuration et reconstruction d édifices et ensembles urbains, dans les parcours des cours d architecture et d urbanisme au Brésil établies par le Ministère de l Education Nationale (MEC) dans les années quatre-vingt-dix, postérieurement incorporés dans les directrices disciplinaires nationales. Nous partons des discussions théoriques et conceptuelles du Domaine du Patrimoine Culturel, ainsi que des principales théories pédagogiques d enseignements et d apprentissage articulées au projet. Dans ce contexte les objectifs principaux de cette thèse consistent à systématiser et à analyser les principales procédures méthodologiques contribuant pour la construction de méthodes d enseignement tournée vers des activités pratiques dans ce domaine. Pour cela, la recherche a été systématisée dans une approche à deux niveaux. En ce qui concerne le premier, basé sur des données secondaires, neuf cours d architecture et urbanisme ont étés identifiés entre institutions publiques d enseignement supérieur dont huit brésiliennes et une française, considérées représentatives en ce qui concerne les pratiques d enseignement de projet et de patrimoine culturel. Trente disciplines dédiées à la matière ont été également reconnues initialement, et postérieurement, cinq disciplines qui possèdent un emploi du temps dédié à la pratique de projet ont aussi été reconnues. Dans le deuxième cas, basée sur des données primaires, ont étés analysées les méthodologies et les stratégies d enseignement de projet basées sur les définitions des matières et des autres éléments des plans de travail avec des observations, des entrevues et des questionnaires en trois ateliers. Par rapport aux résultats nous avons constaté que toutes les écoles possèdent les contenus de la matière, mais peu d entre elles privilégient la relation du projet appliqué au patrimoine culturel. Nous avons constaté que les questions des projets dans ce contexte, même s elles sont considérées complexes, ont privilégié le listage et l analyse du site. L atelier qui intègre les fondements des théories de préservation, l histoire de l architecture et urbanisme et techniques anciennes et actuelles, est mis en valeur comme un modèle cohérent avec les propositions d intégration des connaissances théoriques et pratiques du projet appliqué à la discipline. Basé sur ces constatations il est possible de démontrer quatre étapes du projet appliqué au patrimoine culturel: 1ª) les fondements généraux qui concernent les bases théoriques sur la préservation, histoire et technique rétrospective, par exemple, l appropriation de lois et normes et la sensibilisation de l élève sur les questions de patrimoine culturel; 2ª) le contacte avec la réalité qui inclut l appropriation du problème à partir de ces acteurs, de ces échelles, de cette lecture de site et l analyse de l objet d étude; 3ª) le développement de la proposition qui inclut programmes (fonctions existantes et propositions), définitions du partit (types d intervention), conception (hypothèse et discussion) et définition de proposition; 4ª) la finalisation du projet qui consiste à développer la proposition avec sa représentation graphique et sa présentation finale. Nous concluons que le projet en Domaine du Patrimoine Culturel demande une attention spéciale et doit être présent dans les cursus considérant les principes généraux nécessaires à la formation de l élève. Le binôme projet / patrimoine signifie avoir dans le cursus universitaire les contenus et questions nécessaires les connaissances, les variables et possibilités existantes dans le projet appliqué au patrimoine culturel de façon à ce que ces connaissances soient incorporées dans l exercice de projet et n apparaissent pas comme un simple contenu théorique sans articulation avec la pratique. Naturellement ces conclusions n épuisent pas la réflexion sur la question. Nous espérons que les analyses faites contribuent à définir des méthodologies d enseignements capables d êtres vérifiées et testées dans la pratique en salle de cours, et puisse collaborer avec les nouvelles recherches surtout celles qui ont pour but des nouvelles théories pédagogiques d enseignement apprentissage du projet en Domaine du Patrimoine Culturel
Resumo:
The coatings mortars are essential elements of building structures because they execute an important role in protecting walls and are particularly exposed to aggressive action responsible for its degradation over time. The importance of wall coverings has been the subject of discussion and analysis in the conservation and rehabilitation of old buildings. Are sometimes removed and replaced with inappropriate solutions of constructive point of view or architecture. The most commonly used coatings on walls of old buildings is based on traditional hydraulic lime mortars. The present study aims at the formulation of new lime- based mortars and aerial fine aggregate, in order to contribute to a better field of conservation and restoration mortar coating of old buildings. Residue was used for polishing porcelain as fine aggregate, replacing the aggregate (sand), in percentages 05-30% by mass. We conducted a thorough evaluation of the mortar properties in fresh and hardened state by comparing the performance of the same with a reference mortar. The residue used was characterized as the density, bulk density, and particle size laser, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Formulations were produced 7, 6 with residue and one commonly used formulation, which served as a reference. In the formulations of lime mortars air (hydrated lime powder CH-I) has been adopted a stroke volume (1:3) with constant binder, was varied and the water / binder and aggregate and waste. For evaluation of mortars fresh, proceeded to consistency analysis, specific gravity, water retention and air content embedded. In the hardened state assays were performed in specific gravity, water retention, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength in bending, compressive strength, water absorption by capillary action, adhesion, tensile strength, resistance to shrinkage and salts by of crystallization trials with resources chloride solution, nitrate and sulfate all sodium in prismatic at 90 days of age, in addition to the micro structural analysis of mortars. Based on the results we can see that the mortar formulated with 10% content of waste and the reference free retraction feature more stable closer to neutrality. The composition of 10% was obtained better performance against the action of the salt crystallization. The mortar with 15% residue obtained better density, lower air content embedded and high capacity for water retention developing good workability. The replacement of 20% of waste generates a satisfactory utilization of resistance to compression, flexion and traction grip the base. And, finally, it can be seen that the mortar with 10, 15 and 20% residual show, in principle, good suitability as coatings, thus enabling a final result consistent with durability, workability and aesthetics developing therefore a material with better performance to repair or replace existing mortars in old buildings
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The search for cultural heritage preservation should be a constant, in order to minimize the lost of historical and cultural identity of a country. As part of this cultural heritage, highlights the importance of historical buildings. For the principles of restoration are met its important to know the state of conservation and the existing materials. Given the above, this work aims to study the pathological manifestations of the mortar coating from the Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo. For this, was conducted historical survey of the building, on-site visits with visual observation, collecting samples of mortar coating and characterization through visual and laboratory analysis, XRF, XRD, TG/DTG, OM and SEM-EDS. From the observations, pathological manifestations were found as: cracks, detachment of the coating, dirt, use of inappropriate material basis of cement, efflorescence, mold and mildew and also incompatible material base of cement. It was found that the pathological manifestations were intensified due to lack of coverage in some spots and especially the abandonment of the building, that many years does not have restoration or any other type of preventive and corrective maintenance. The results of laboratory tests indicated that the mortars studied are based on lime, with calcitic nature, and siliceous aggregate, with the presence of clay in two samples. From the samples collected, two are composed of lime, sand and clay and two by lime and sand. In this regard, it is important to conduct periodic inspections and maintenance, as well as carrying out restoration with use of material compatible with the original
Resumo:
The development of strategies for the protection of oral tissues against the adverse effects of resin monomers is primarily based on the elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms. The generation of reactive oxygen species beyond the capacity of a balanced redox regulation in cells is probably a cause of cell damage. This study was designed to investigate oxidative DNA damage, the activation of ATM, a reporter of DNA damage, and redox-sensitive signal transduction through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by the monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). TEGDMA concentrations as high as 3-5 mm decreased THP-1 cell viability after a 24 h and 48 h exposure, and levels of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) increased about 3- to 5-fold. The cells were partially protected from toxicity in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). TEGDMA also induced a delay in the cell cycle. The number of THP-1 cells increased about 2-fold in G1 phase and 5-fold in G2 phase in cultures treated with 3-5 mm TEGDMA. ATM was activated in THP-1 cells by TEGDMA. Likewise, the amounts of phospho-p38 were increased about 3-fold by 3 mm TEGDMA compared to untreated controls after a 24 h and 48 h exposure period, and phospho-ERK1/2 was induced in a very similar way. The activation of both MAPKs was inhibited by NAC. Our findings suggest that the activation of various signal transduction pathways is related to oxidative stress caused by a resin monomer. Signaling through ATM indicates oxidative DNA damage and the activation of MAPK pathways indicates oxidative stress-induced regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
A syndrome--incontinentia pigmenti--of probable genetic etiology, is discussed and a new case report presented. The syndrome presents systemic and dental manifestations, which are separate although similar to those found in other disease entities, i.e., congenital syphilis, hereditary ectodermal dysplasia.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to assess the microhardness of 5 glass ionomer cements (GIC) - Vidrion R (V, SS White), Fuji IX (F, GC Corp.), Magic Glass ART (MG, Vigodent), Maxxion R (MR, FGM) and ChemFlex (CF, Dentsply) - in the presence or absence of a surface protection treatment, and after different storage periods. For each GIC, 36 test specimens were made, divided into 3 groups according to the surface protection treatment applied - no protection, varnish or nail varnish. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h, 7 and 30 days and the microhardness tests were performed at these times. The data obtained were submitted to the ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey tests (α = 5%). The results revealed that the mean microhardness values of the GICs were, in decreasing order, as follows: F > CF = MR > MG > V; that surface protection was significant for MR, at 24 h, without protection (64.2 ± 3.6a), protected with GIC varnish (59.6 ± 3.4b) and protected with nail varnish (62.7 ± 2.8ab); for F, at 7 days, without protection (97.8 ± 3.7ab), protected with varnish (95.9 ± 3.2b) and protected with nail varnish (100.8 ± 3.4a); and at 30 days, for F, without protection (98.8 ± 2.6b), protected with varnish (103.3 ± 4.4a) and protected with nail varnish (101 ± 4.1ab) and, for V, without protection (46 ± 1.3b), protected with varnish (49.6 ± 1.7ab) and protected with nail varnish (51.1 ± 2.6a). The increase in storage time produced an increase in microhardness. It was concluded that the different GICs, surface protection treatments and storage times could alter the microhardness values.
Resumo:
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the photoactivation effects of QTH (Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen) and LED (Light-Emitting Diode) on the SBS (Shear Bond Strength) of orthodontic brackets at different debond times. Seventy-two bovine lower incisors were randomly divided into two groups according to the photoactivation system used (QTH or LED). The enamel surfaces were conditioned with Transbond self-etching primer, and APC (Adhesive Pre-Coated) brackets were used in all specimens. Group I was cured with QTH for 20 s and Group II with LED for 10 s. Both groups were subdivided according to the different experimental times after bonding (immediately, 24 h and 7 days). The specimens were tested for SBS and the enamel surfaces were analyzed according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). The statistical analysis included the Tukey's test to evaluate the main effects of photoactivation and debond time on SBS. The Chi-square test was used to compare the ARI values found for each group, and no statistically significant difference was observed. The debond time of 7 days for QTH photoactivation showed statistically greater values of SBS when compared to the immediate and 24 h periods. There was no statistically significant difference between the QTH and LED groups immediately and after the 24 h period. In conclusion, bonding orthodontic brackets with LED photoactivation for 10 s is suggested because it requires a reduced clinical chair time.
Resumo:
Mucocele forms because of salivary gland mucous extravasation or retention and is usually related to trauma in the area of the lower lips. Ruptured ducts release the mucous that accumulates into adjacent tissues, leading to swelling. This report describes a large mucocele involving the lower lip, which was produced in a child by incorrect use of a pacifier. A few important concepts are discussed to help clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. © 2010 Dermatology Online Journal.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some acidic drinks on dentin erosion, using methods of surface profile (SP) analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). One hundred standardized dentin slabs obtained from bovine incisor roots were used. Dentin slabs measuring 5x5 mm were ground flat, polished and half of each specimen surface was protected with nail polish. For 60 min, the dentin surfaces were immersed in 50 mL of 5 different drinks (Gatorade®, Del Valle Mais orange juice®, Coca-Cola®, Red Bull® and white wine), 20 blocks in each drink. The pH of each beverage was measured. After the erosive challenge, the nail polish was removed and SP was analyzed. The mineral concentration of dentin surfaces was determined by means of EDXRF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). SP analysis showed that Red-Bull had the highest erosive potential (p<0.05). EDXRF results exhibited a decrease in phosphate in the groups immersed in Red-Bull, orange juice and white wine (p<0.05), and no significant difference in calcium content between the reference surface and eroded surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that all studied beverages promoted erosion on root dentin and Red Bull had the highest erosive potential. There was no correlation between pH of beverages and their erosive potential and only the P content changed after erosive challenge.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Artes - IA
"Indigitado estrupício": arqueologia e significados acerca do muro do Forte do Presépio (Belém-Pará)
Resumo:
Entre os anos de 1999 e 2002, o Forte do Presépio em Belém (PA), foi alvo de pesquisas multidisciplinares voltadas ao seu restauro e adequação com vias à sua musealização na conjuntura do Projeto Feliz Lusitânia. Uma das ciências que se dedicou a essa investigação foi a arqueologia, tendo tido uma atuação significativa na condução desse projeto. Durante esse processo, uma questão tomou dimensões exteriores à pesquisa arqueológica: a derrubada de um muro que se afigurava entre a rua e a fortificação. Neste contexto, o muro foi considerado uma "fantasmagoria" que impedia a antiga simbiose entre a fortaleza e a cidade. Contudo, a demolição da muralha foi uma decisão tomada à revelia da equipe de arqueologia, mas de acordo com os interesses estético-funcionais do plano museológico. Para justificar essa ação, uma série de atribuições de sentidos foi dada ao referido artefato ("indigitado estrupício”, “estrovenga", “aberração”). Isto posto, este trabalho pretende debater dois aspectos: (a) os significados dados ao muro, entendido como artefato capaz de suscitar ";;maneiras distintas de ver e agir no mundo"; e (b) o posicionamento efetivo da equipe de arqueologia diante da derrubada do muro.
Resumo:
Na segunda metade do século XVIII, Belém viveu um momento de grande expansão econômica, o que se refletiu positivamente na arquitetura, quando foram construídos imponentes templos religiosos no atual centro histórico, dentre os quais a igreja de São João Batista. Esta pesquisa analisou tecnologicamente a pintura de quadratura realizada pelo arquiteto Antonio Landi no interior da igreja de São João Batista, em Belém do Pará, para identificar a tinta utilizada na rara pintura do século XVIII, uma vez que o quadraturista disse ter utilizado em seus trabalhos o pigmento extraído da Arrabidaea chica (H & B) Verlot, popularmente conhecida como carajiru; os processos de alteração sofridos por ela e, assim, obter subsídios para a sua conservação e restauração. O estudo foi realizado em etapas: na primeira, foi feita uma pesquisa histórica envolvendo a literatura sobre as tintas, pigmentos e corantes do período colonial amazônico, utilizados na arquitetura religiosa; sobre a contribuição das ordens religiosas na decoração dos templos; sobre a formação e as atividades de Landi em Belém, e sobre a técnica de pintura denominada de quadratura. Na mesma etapa foi realizado um mapeamento dos danos na pintura e medidos o padrão de cores, por colorimetria, e a temperatura da parede pintada, com câmera de infravermelho. A etapa seguinte foi a investigação laboratorial, que consistiu em analisar a tinta usada por Landi na pintura e o pigmento extraído do carajiru, em microscópio ótico, em microscópio eletrônico de varredura, em difratômetro de raios-X e em espectrômetro de infravermelho. Os resultados possibilitaram a identificação e comparação dos materiais utilizados na pintura de quadratura. E por último, realizou-se um ensaio com a tinta produzida a partir do pigmento extraído do carajiru. A pesquisa histórica contribuiu para o entendimento das tintas, pigmentos e corantes e técnicas de pintura e a interdisciplinaridade facilitou a condução dos procedimentos tecnológicos, permitindo a elaboração de diagnósticos que servem para estabelecer medidas de conservação preventiva e propostas de futuras intervenções de restauro.
Resumo:
O concreto é basicamente formado pela mistura de cimento, água, pedra e areia, e surgiu como um material de construção destinado a substituir a madeira, a pedra, o tijolo e até o aço estrutural, mas somente no século XX a sua beleza estética passaria a ser reconhecida. O modernismo corrente se apropriou da nova tecnologia construtiva e suas possibilidades plásticas e rompeu definitivamente com os estilos passadistas. Influenciados pelas escolas do eixo Rio-São Paulo, os arquitetos e engenheiros que construíam em Belém deixaram um verdadeiro legado de construções em concreto aparente, que infelizmente vem sendo ameaçado pela falta de cuidados específicos, visto que muitas vezes a execução de intervenções é feita de forma aleatória e equivocada. Portanto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa é estudar o concreto aparente sob o viés histórico e tecnológico de modo a desenvolver uma metodologia de restauro para recomposição de áreas com lacunas, considerando aspectos como cor, textura e resistência, buscando um material compatível ao concreto original. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três diferentes etapas: 1) Pesquisa Histórica; 2) Pesquisa de Campo; 3) Investigação Laboratorial. Os materiais do presente estudo correspondem a amostras coletadas em três edificações e amostras produzidas em laboratório. A caracterização física das amostras coletadas permitiu conhecer o traço aproximado do concreto antigo, de 1:3 e a resistência do material, que é de aproximadamente 22MPa. A caracterização mineralógica e química indicou que o material original vem sofrendo um processo de transformação mineralógica, evidenciado pela presença dos polimorfos de carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3), bem como permitiu entender que os agregados utilizados na composição do material podem ter origem quartzosa ou ser oriundos de brita, dada a presença de mica e feldspato na sua caracterização. Observou-se também que as cores e texturas do material variam em função do tipo de cimento e agregado utilizado na produção do concreto. A partir da identificação das principais características do material original, foi então desenvolvida uma metodologia para produção de uma argamassa de restauro com propriedades similares às do material antigo. Os resultados quanto a cor, textura, resistência e aderência foram satisfatórios, pois além de atenderem os valores estabelecidos por norma, também foram compatíveis quanto a aparência do concreto original, permitindo assim o restabelecimento da imagem da obra e assim alcançando os objetivos inicialmente propostos.