A explicitação como traço de um habitus tradutório para brasileirismos terminológicos em língua inglesa: um estudo baseado no corpus da obra O Povo Brasileiro, de Darcy Ribeiro

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the social and linguistic behaviors (the habitus) of a translator in face of cultural barriers in translation, analyzing the use of explicitation aspects in the translational process into English of the terminological Brazilianisms developed by Darcy Ribeiro. With this aim, we used a parallel corpus composed by the work O povo brasileiro (1995) and by its respective translation, performed by Rabassa. The methodology used is that of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000; CAMARGO, 2005, 2007), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and Terminology (BARROS, 2004). For data analysis, we adopted Sociology of Translation theories (SIMEONI, 1998, 2007; GOUANVIC, 1995, 1999), as well as the habitus conception, proposed by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1980). We believe that, as pointed by Baker`s theories (1996), explicitation is a translator`s tendency or procedure, which explains, in the translated text, parts of the original text that have been left implicit by the author. Results show that this action may be found in Ribeiro’s translated texts, indicating the difficult of conceptualizing the Brazilian universe in English.

O fantástico traduzido: uma análise baseada em corpus paralelo e reflexões para uma pedagogia da tradução

This paper presents the analysis and the methodological procedures adopted in order to compile a parallel corpus comprised of two short stories by David Roas (2007; 2010), originally written in Spanish “Tránsito” and “Das Kapital”, and their translation into Portuguese carried out both by a native speaker of Spanish (fluent in Portuguese) and a native speaker of Portuguese (fluent in Spanish). We analyzed the texts translated by them, focusing on the most frequent vocabulary and its semantic implications on their respective contexts. The theoretical and methodological approach was based on corpus linguistics, corpus based translation studies (BAKER, 1996; HUNSTON, 2002; LAVIOSA, 2002; BERBER SARDINHA, 2004; MEYER, 2004; OLOHAN, 2004) and some concepts from Fantastic Literature (ROAS, 2001, 2011; TODOROV, 2003; ALAZRAKI, 2001). The data were extracted by using the WordSmith Tools Suite®. Results show that dialogue and focus on lexicon, making use of computer corpus, play an important role in understanding the translation process. It is also important to mention that while exploring translation possibilities presented by the two translators this approach unlocked a window to reflect on translation pedagogy based on corpus.

Bit-parallel coprocessor for standard ECC-GF(2m) on FPGA

This paper presents the design of a high-speed coprocessor for Elliptic Curve Cryptography over binary Galois Field (ECC- GF(2m)). The purpose of our coprocessor is to accelerate the scalar multiplication performed over elliptic curve points represented by affine coordinates in polynomial basis. Our method consists of using elliptic curve parameters over GF(2163) in accordance with international security requirements to implement a bit-parallel coprocessor on field-programmable gate-array (FPGA). Our coprocessor performs modular inversion by using a process based on the Stein's algorithm. Results are presented and compared to results of other related works. We conclude that our coprocessor is suitable for comparing with any other ECC-hardware proposal, since its speed is comparable to projective coordinate designs.

Using Threads to Overcome Synchronization Delays in Parallel Multiple Progressive Alignment Algorithms

Sao Paulo State Research Foundation-FAPESP

Evolucionismo linguístico: um paralelo entre evolucionismo biológico e mudança linguística

The comparison between linguistic change and biologic evolution is a subject that has caused and still causes much controversy among linguists and other academics that see, in this parallel, problems related to similar attempts in the nineteenth century by Social Darwinism, which approached the biological evolution with social and cultural development of a people. However, this paper aims to show that today this parallel is not built in the same way as was done before. Names like William Labov, Salikoko Mufwene, Jonathan West and Hildo Honorio do Couto in linguistics; Charles Darwin in biology; and Tom Ingold and Clifford Geertz in anthropology, showed that areas of Humanities, such as linguistics and anthropology, and of Biological Sciences, as phylogeny and genetics, are likely to be worked together by the great similarities between processes that compose them. Thus, based on the writings of these authors and some others, this paper presents this theme’s controversy; it shows the similarities between characteristics of languages and species; it seeks through the concepts MA Mental, MA Social and MA Natural of the languages (coined by Couto on Linguística, ecologia e ecolinguística: contato de línguas) to develop ideas of how it is possible to think the language change in the light of Darwin's concept, Natural Selection; and finally, it shows that the parallel theme is rather productive, based on the texts and discussions presented in the whole paper, and that the controversy has been being dissolved with more and more people working on the parallel between language and species

Reflexões sobre o estabelecimento de vínculos afetivos interpessoais na atualidade

In studies about the subjectivation process in contemporaneity and the social context in which one is inserted nowadays, the contemporary world is often characterized by the ascension of the narcissism – or individualism – and consumerism as a baseline to all other recent changes. The excessive valorization of aesthetics; the influence of media and marketing and the culture of image; the loss of the “inner side” and inter-human interchanges; against the exacerbation of the superficial and external, appear as essential transformations to the new configuration of the so called “post-modern” subjectivation process, privileged and reinforced by capitalist society. Next to them, exists an individual discontent – a malaise in the individual’s life – usually associated to an interior emptiness and general dissatisfaction in face of idealizations and self-esteem fluctuations. This work tries to understand how individuals establish affective bonds and social relationships in this contemporary context, connecting the contemporary context and relevant concepts to this study, including the idea of romantic love, narcissism and the “state of helplessness” in psychoanalysis, subject’s development and a parallel discussion with social-historical texts. The study, of a theoretical character, is located in the intersection between "individual" and "society" – a subjectivity, therefore, formed internally, within the individual, and submitted directly to social influence – and analyzes the determinants and influences that they exert upon one and another, based on critical-reflective readings and textual analysis of works in the fields of sociology, psychosociology and psychoanalysis.

Seasonal variation of biotic and abiotic parameters in parallel neotropical fishponds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Recovery Tests of an Hybrid Current Limiter Composed of a SFCL in Parallel to an Air-Core Power Reactor

The resistive-type superconducting fault current limiters (RSFCL) prototypes using YBCO-coated conductors have shown current limitation for medium voltage class applications for acting time up to 80 ms. By connecting an air-core reactor in parallel with the RSFCL, thus making an hybrid current limiter, one can extend the acting time for up to 1 s. In this work, we report the performance of a hybrid current limiter subjected to an AC peak fault current of 2 kA during 1 s for which within the first 80 ms the SFCL limits the current concurrently with the air-core reactor, and for the remaining 920 ms, only the air-core reactor limits the current. In order to evaluate the actual conditions for subsequent reconnection of RSFCL to the power grid, the hybrid fault current limiter was tested varying the time interval for recovery from 900 ms and 1.2 s, followed again by the concurrent operation of the hybrid limiter during 1 s (SFCL during 80 ms). From this evaluation test, the recovery time can be measured and compared using the voltage peak generated in superconducting module from the first and second fault test. The recovery time was also determined through the pulsed current method (PCM) on short-length sample test. The results showed that the fault current was limited from 1.9 kA down to 514 A after 1 cycle of 60 Hz frequency, with recovery time lower than 1.2 s for two subsequent fault current tests.

Hybrid methods for lot sizing on parallel machines

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Randomized, Naturalistic, Parallel-Group Study for the Long-Term Treatment of Panic Disorder With Clonazepam or Paroxetine

This long-term extension of an 8-week randomized, naturalistic study in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia compared the efficacy and safety of clonazepam (n = 47) and paroxetine (n = 37) over a 3-year total treatment duration. Target doses for all patients were 2 mg/d clonazepam and 40 mg/d paroxetine (both taken at bedtime). This study reports data from the long-term period (34 months), following the initial 8-week treatment phase. Thus, total treatment duration was 36 months. Patients with a good primary outcome during acute treatment continued monotherapy with clonazepam or paroxetine, but patients with partial primary treatment success were switched to the combination therapy. At initiation of the long-term study, the mean doses of clonazepam and paroxetine were 1.9 (SD, 0.30) and 38.4 (SD, 3.74) mg/d, respectively. These doses were maintained until month 36 (clonazepam 1.9 [ SD, 0.29] mg/d and paroxetine 38.2 [SD, 3.87] mg/d). Long-term treatment with clonazepam led to a small but significantly better Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-Improvement rating than treatment with paroxetine (mean difference: CGI-Severity scale -3.48 vs -3.24, respectively, P = 0.02; CGI-Improvement scale 1.06 vs 1.11, respectively, P = 0.04). Both treatments similarly reduced the number of panic attacks and severity of anxiety. Patients treated with clonazepam had significantly fewer adverse events than those treated with paroxetine (28.9% vs 70.6%, P < 0.001). The efficacy of clonazepam and paroxetine for the treatment of panic disorder was maintained over the long-term course. There was a significant advantage with clonazepam over paroxetine with respect to the frequency and nature of adverse events.

Two extensions for the ALWABP: Parallel stations and collaborative approach

In this article, we introduce two new variants of the Assembly Line Worker Assignment and Balancing Problem (ALWABP) that allow parallelization of and collaboration between heterogeneous workers. These new approaches suppose an additional level of complexity in the Line Design and Assignment process, but also higher flexibility; which may be particularly useful in practical situations where the aim is to progressively integrate slow or limited workers in conventional assembly lines. We present linear models and heuristic procedures for these two new problems. Computational results show the efficiency of the proposed approaches and the efficacy of the studied layouts in different situations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CONTEXT TREE SELECTION AND LINGUISTIC RHYTHM RETRIEVAL FROM WRITTEN TEXTS

The starting point of this article is the question "How to retrieve fingerprints of rhythm in written texts?" We address this problem in the case of Brazilian and European Portuguese. These two dialects of Modern Portuguese share the same lexicon and most of the sentences they produce are superficially identical. Yet they are conjectured, on linguistic grounds, to implement different rhythms. We show that this linguistic question can be formulated as a problem of model selection in the class of variable length Markov chains. To carry on this approach, we compare texts from European and Brazilian Portuguese. These texts are previously encoded according to some basic rhythmic features of the sentences which can be automatically retrieved. This is an entirely new approach from the linguistic point of view. Our statistical contribution is the introduction of the smallest maximizer criterion which is a constant free procedure for model selection. As a by-product, this provides a solution for the problem of optimal choice of the penalty constant when using the BIC to select a variable length Markov chain. Besides proving the consistency of the smallest maximizer criterion when the sample size diverges, we also make a simulation study comparing our approach with both the standard BIC selection and the Peres-Shields order estimation. Applied to the linguistic sample constituted for our case study, the smallest maximizer criterion assigns different context-tree models to the two dialects of Portuguese. The features of the selected models are compatible with current conjectures discussed in the linguistic literature.

Detecting an abnormality in a recovery boiler using dynamic multivariate data analysis with parallel coordinate plots

Data visualization techniques are powerful in the handling and analysis of multivariate systems. One such technique known as parallel coordinates was used to support the diagnosis of an event, detected by a neural network-based monitoring system, in a boiler at a Brazilian Kraft pulp mill. Its attractiveness is the possibility of the visualization of several variables simultaneously. The diagnostic procedure was carried out step-by-step going through exploratory, explanatory, confirmatory, and communicative goals. This tool allowed the visualization of the boiler dynamics in an easier way, compared to commonly used univariate trend plots. In addition it facilitated analysis of other aspects, namely relationships among process variables, distinct modes of operation and discrepant data. The whole analysis revealed firstly that the period involving the detected event was associated with a transition between two distinct normal modes of operation, and secondly the presence of unusual changes in process variables at this time.

Structure-semantics interplay in complex networks and its effects on the predictability of similarity in texts

The classification of texts has become a major endeavor with so much electronic material available, for it is an essential task in several applications, including search engines and information retrieval. There are different ways to define similarity for grouping similar texts into clusters, as the concept of similarity may depend on the purpose of the task. For instance, in topic extraction similar texts mean those within the same semantic field, whereas in author recognition stylistic features should be considered. In this study, we introduce ways to classify texts employing concepts of complex networks, which may be able to capture syntactic, semantic and even pragmatic features. The interplay between various metrics of the complex networks is analyzed with three applications, namely identification of machine translation (MT) systems, evaluation of quality of machine translated texts and authorship recognition. We shall show that topological features of the networks representing texts can enhance the ability to identify MT systems in particular cases. For evaluating the quality of MT texts, on the other hand, high correlation was obtained with methods capable of capturing the semantics. This was expected because the golden standards used are themselves based on word co-occurrence. Notwithstanding, the Katz similarity, which involves semantic and structure in the comparison of texts, achieved the highest correlation with the NIST measurement, indicating that in some cases the combination of both approaches can improve the ability to quantify quality in MT. In authorship recognition, again the topological features were relevant in some contexts, though for the books and authors analyzed good results were obtained with semantic features as well. Because hybrid approaches encompassing semantic and topological features have not been extensively used, we believe that the methodology proposed here may be useful to enhance text classification considerably, as it combines well-established strategies. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Maximum Series-Parallel Subgraph

Consider the NP-hard problem of, given a simple graph G, to find a series-parallel subgraph of G with the maximum number of edges. The algorithm that, given a connected graph G, outputs a spanning tree of G, is a 1/2-approximation. Indeed, if n is the number of vertices in G, any spanning tree in G has n-1 edges and any series-parallel graph on n vertices has at most 2n-3 edges. We present a 7/12 -approximation for this problem and results showing the limits of our approach.