A constituição desmilitarizada: democratização e reforma do sistema constitucional de segurança pública

The normative construction of the public security system in the Constituent Assembly of 1987-1988 preserved paradoxical normative space, the military police linked to the Army with a restrictive legal statute of the police offices citizenship through a hierarchical and disciplinary model that is anachronistic. This research originates from the following problem: How is it possible to tailor the constitutional system of public safety, specifically the Military Police, according to the democratic paradigms constructed by the Constituent from 1988 and carry the right to public safety under these molds? The militarists limitations of the Constitution allowed the growing militarization of police departments, organizational culture and authoritarian institutional practices. Underlying this, the problems related to difficulties in realization of Right to Public Safety, the strikes of the military police, the incomplete policy cycle started demanding from the constitutional-legal system appropriate responses. Utilizing the dialogical method and an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, and theoretically grounded in overcoming of the constitutional normativist juspositivism.It was found that the constructed infraconstitutional legislation was insufficient to supply the systemic shortcomings of constitutional law, when looking to create a single system of public security without giving due scope to the federal principle and expand the autonomy the Federated States, and even grant democratic legal status to the military police. Formal legal limits imposed by the Constitution constructed a legal anachronism, the military police. Thus, a democratic reading of military police institutions becomes inconceivable its existence in the constitutional regulatory environment. Thus, reform the Constitution in order to demilitarize the police and conduct a normative redesign of the public security system is fundamental to Brazilian constitutional democracy

A interação ensino-serviço no processo de formação dos graduandos em fisioterapia da UFPB: a percepção dos docentes

The health paradigm, consolidated in the last century, directed the training of health professionals, educated under the aegis of the Flexnerian training, fragmentary and hospital-centered model. However, it proved to be insufficient to meet the demands of the Unified Health System and the population. In this sense, the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate health courses emerge as a normative framework in proposing a new professional profile, as well as the recommendation of strategies for the restructuring of curricula and teaching practices, and one of them is the teaching-service integration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the process of training of Physiotherapy course students of the Federal University of Paraíba with the guiding principle of teaching-service integration, considering DCN. In this sense, the chosen method was a case study with qualitative approach. The sample was intentional, including all faculty members of the permanent staff of the Department of Physiotherapy at UFPB, linked to curriculum components whose practice scenarios occur in the SUS network and time longer than one year in that component. The data collection technique was the semi-structured interview. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique. The following categories were considered: professional training for SUS, integration of students to the SUS network services, the relationship between theory and practice in the training of physiotherapists, teaching and health professional partnership in the teaching-learning process and programs of training reorientation and their integration with the course. The results allowed identifying positive points in the teaching-service integration: recognition of the importance of integration activities between university and health services based on the insertion of students in the network, the combined actuation with health service professionals and the opportunity to work in a multidisciplinary team; the existence of structured and organized School Network; participation of students and teachers in government programs that offer the experience of insertion in the labor market. The following weaknesses stood out: difficulties in agreement, planning and evaluation of activities by the service; gap between theoretical and practical activities; lack of definition of roles of teacher and health service professionals in the training process and the fragile relationship of reorientation of vocational training programs with the curricular activities of the course. The teaching-service integration as a guiding principle in the analysis of the formation of physiotherapists reveals limits and possibilities for training that meets the health needs of the population. Thus, the choices of educational institutions regarding the care model have an influence on health practices, as well as the commitment by management and services and the permeability to social control instances decisively contribute to the improvement in the training of future professionals. Thus, the commitment of all involved for the effective change in the training process of health paradigm is indispensable.

A interação ensino-serviço no processo de formação dos graduandos em fisioterapia da UFPB: a percepção dos docentes

The health paradigm, consolidated in the last century, directed the training of health professionals, educated under the aegis of the Flexnerian training, fragmentary and hospital-centered model. However, it proved to be insufficient to meet the demands of the Unified Health System and the population. In this sense, the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate health courses emerge as a normative framework in proposing a new professional profile, as well as the recommendation of strategies for the restructuring of curricula and teaching practices, and one of them is the teaching-service integration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the process of training of Physiotherapy course students of the Federal University of Paraíba with the guiding principle of teaching-service integration, considering DCN. In this sense, the chosen method was a case study with qualitative approach. The sample was intentional, including all faculty members of the permanent staff of the Department of Physiotherapy at UFPB, linked to curriculum components whose practice scenarios occur in the SUS network and time longer than one year in that component. The data collection technique was the semi-structured interview. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique. The following categories were considered: professional training for SUS, integration of students to the SUS network services, the relationship between theory and practice in the training of physiotherapists, teaching and health professional partnership in the teaching-learning process and programs of training reorientation and their integration with the course. The results allowed identifying positive points in the teaching-service integration: recognition of the importance of integration activities between university and health services based on the insertion of students in the network, the combined actuation with health service professionals and the opportunity to work in a multidisciplinary team; the existence of structured and organized School Network; participation of students and teachers in government programs that offer the experience of insertion in the labor market. The following weaknesses stood out: difficulties in agreement, planning and evaluation of activities by the service; gap between theoretical and practical activities; lack of definition of roles of teacher and health service professionals in the training process and the fragile relationship of reorientation of vocational training programs with the curricular activities of the course. The teaching-service integration as a guiding principle in the analysis of the formation of physiotherapists reveals limits and possibilities for training that meets the health needs of the population. Thus, the choices of educational institutions regarding the care model have an influence on health practices, as well as the commitment by management and services and the permeability to social control instances decisively contribute to the improvement in the training of future professionals. Thus, the commitment of all involved for the effective change in the training process of health paradigm is indispensable.

ANTECEDENTES DO COMPROMETIMENTO ORGANIZACIONAL DOS FUNCIONÁRIOS DE CORRETORAS DE SEGUROS E SEGURADORAS

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é compreender quais fatores influenciam no comprometimento de corretoras de seguros e seguradoras, e mais especificamente: a) medir e comparar os indicadores de comprometimento dos funcionários de corretoras de seguros e seguradoras em três dimensões (afetiva, instrumental e normativa); b) analisar quais os fatores que mais influenciam cada dimensão do comprometimento no setor de seguros; c) comparar as diferenças e semelhanças dos fatores que influenciam o comprometimento em seguradoras e em corretoras. O público-alvo é formado pelos profissionais do mercado de seguros que atuam em corretoras de seguros ou seguradoras. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas partes: quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados da pesquisa quantitativa foram colhidos por meio da escala do modelo multidimensional do comprometimento afetivo, instrumental e normativo (Meyer & Allen, 1991), aplicada em 188 participantes. Os dados da análise de comparação de médias pelo teste T-Student não apontaram diferença estatisticamente significativa. A segunda parte, qualitativa, envolveu 11 entrevistas com funcionários do setor a fim de identificar os motivos que levam os funcionários a desenvolver o comprometimento com cada um dos dois tipos de organizações do mercado de seguros. Os dados da pesquisa obtidos foram analisados utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo e resultaram no modelo de antecedentes do comprometimento organizacional do setor de seguros. Foi constatado que os antecedentes do comprometimento afetivo em corretoras de seguros são formados pelo clima organizacional, pela percepção de justiça e pelas políticas de recursos humanos, e que as políticas de recursos humanos predizem o comportamento instrumental. Nas seguradoras, constatou-se que os antecedentes do comprometimento afetivo são o clima organizacional, a percepção de suporte e as políticas de recursos humanos, e que as políticas de recursos humanos predizem os comprometimentos instrumental e normativo. Esses resultados contribuem significativamente para a gestão de pessoas do setor de seguros no Brasil.

Arcabouço jurídico normativo pedagógico da lei federal 10.639/2003 na universidade federal de Uberlândia: avanços e limites

This search addresses the public policies that directly or indirectly corroborate for the implementation of the Brazilian Law number 10.639/2003 in Federal University of Uberlândia and it analyzes the affirmative actions in this context. The study aims to answer some questions such as: Why we have found difficulties in implementing the Law 10.639/2003 and its correlate legislation in the institutions responsible for teachers formation, particularly in the courses of History, Visual Arts, Portuguese Language and Literature and Education teachers? We started from the hypothesis that implementing the Law 10.639/2003 is considered by popular movements that fight for the emancipation of black population and for its rights consider such actions as a form of eradicating racial and ethnic prejudice which are still present in our society. The methodology is based on case study, which allows the triangulation to other methodological approaches such as qualitative analysis and bibliographic search. The investigation instruments were: I. Bibliographic sources including books, papers, periodic and so one; II. Documental sources: specific legislation on the theme (Brazilian Federal Law 10.639/2003, Resolution CNE/CP 1/2004 and others; III. Oral sources obtained from semi structured interviews with coordinators of the selected Graduation courses. Critical multicuturalism according to McLaren (1999) allowed us to approach our research object in order to understand its plural characteristics, specially reading the different aspects that permeate the relationship between culture and identity, cultural differences and power relationship in modern society. In the study, we did not perceive the involvement of the Higher Education professionals in order to implement Law 10.639/2003. The problem perceived for implementing the law and its pedagogical normative legal framework is the personal and institutional attitude, because every subject involved in it has a direct responsibility. We cannot believe that the institutions may claim lack of knowledge and research in the area as impediments to implementing the disciplines and the pedagogical contents concerning to the Law nor contracting researcher experts and scholars on this topic to compose the frames of the University.

Contribuições para a Implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental no Depósito Munições Nato de Lisboa / Serviço de Armas Navais

A proteção do meio ambiente e a promoção de um desenvolvimento sustentável têm assumido um papel estabelecido e de crescente importância junto das organizações que, conscientes das suas fragilidades e pressionadas pela opinião pública, têm adotado sistemas voluntários de ação ambiental. A presente dissertação tem por base um estágio curricular que decorreu no período de outubro de 2013 a junho de 2014, numa Unidade Militar sob dependência da Marinha Portuguesa, o Depósito Munições Nato de Lisboa / Serviço de Armas Navais (DMNL/SAN). O estágio teve como objetivo principal a conceção e implementação de um sistema de gestão ambiental (SGA) com base no referencial internacional NP EN ISO 14001:2012. De acordo com o normativo foram definidos e implementados procedimentos e práticas de forma a dar cumprimento ao estabelecido nos requisitos - 4.1. (Requisitos Gerais), 4.2. (Política Ambiental), 4.3. (Planeamento) e 4.4. (Implementação e Operação). Assim, procedeu-se à revisão bibliográfica de conceitos subjacentes ao sistema de gestão ambiental e ao diagnóstico ambiental de referência, de modo a compreender os requisitos necessários para a conceção, desenvolvimento e implementação do SGA. Numa segunda fase foram identificados os aspetos ambientais significativos, realizado o levantamento de requisitos legais, estabelecidos objetivos e metas ambientais, desenvolvendo documentação necessária ao SGA. Para tal, foram realizadas reuniões, primeiramente de enquadramento da Unidade Militar e apresentação das instalações e atividades desenvolvidas. Ao longo do estágio foram também feitas reuniões para apresentação do trabalho desenvolvido e definição de objetivos e atividades necessárias à implementação do SGA. Na definição dos aspetos ambientais foram realizadas várias visitas às instalações nas quais houve contacto com os trabalhadores associados a cada tarefa de modo a compreender as atividades desenvolvidas e possíveis impactes. Com o objetivo de sensibilizar e contextualizar toda a guarnição, militares e civis, foram dinamizadas ações de formação e sensibilização no âmbito do desenvolvimento sustentável e gestão ambiental.O SGA do DMNL/SAN encontra-se em fase de implementação, sendo necessário proceder à realização de auditorias e revisão do sistema, bem como legalizar o registo da Unidade no portal da Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente, o qual não foi concretizado face a questões temporais e hierárquicas internas.

Análise das Dimensões do Comprometimento no Setor Público da Educação: um estudo de caso com os gestores dos Campi do IFCE Limoeiro do Norte e Fortaleza - CE/Brasil

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo definir, analisar e identificar por meio de um estudo de caso, as dimensões de comprometimento organizacional: afetivas, instrumental e normativa dos gestores do campus do Limoeiro do Norte, que estão em fase de estágio probatório e dos gestores do campus Fortaleza que já passaram desse estágio, traçar um comparativo e relacionar ambos os casos. Norteado por um modelo teórico de comprometimento organizacional abordado por Meyer e Allen (1991; 1997). Comprometimento no setor público neste estudo tem-se como unidade de análise duas instituições federais de educação, ciência e tecnologia. Como os gestores são, na maioria das vezes, responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de uma força de trabalho capaz e comprometida, sua atuação torna-se de fundamental importância no âmbito da educação, aliado a competência técnica e a vontade polí­tica de ações planejadas. De acordo com a pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa, foram aplicados questionários já testados e validados, contendo aspectos semi-estruturados, onde foi dividido em duas partes: a primeira, com seis itens, abordando as caracterí­sticas pessoais e funcionais dos gestores do IFCE de cada campus estudado, e segunda, que possui dezoito itens divididos nas três dimensões do comprometimento organizacional: afetivo, instrumental e normativo, tudo baseado na escala de mensuração do comprometimento de Meyer e Allen (1997) modelo internacionalmente aceito e validado. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa apontaram que dos 35 gestores do campus Limoeiro do Norte o comprometimento organizacional que obteve maior média foi o afetivo. Os gestores estáveis do campus Fortaleza, também apontaram a dimensão afetiva com a maior média de comprometimento. Com isso os estudos balizam que não há uma possível relação com o fator tempo na instituição, uma vez que a maioria dos gestores do campus Fortaleza possui mais de uma década de atuação, enquanto os do campus Limoeiro do Norte, possuem menos de três anos na instituição. A maior parte dos pesquisados nos campi defendem uma forte relação na instituição, já se sentem de casa, o vínculo se estabelece pela presença de sentimentos, afeição e identificação, até mesmo pelo fato dos gestores permanecerem mais tempo no trabalho que na sua prápria casa, ele faz da organização um esteio do seu próprio lar. Conclui-se que os resultados não permitem afirmar que as dimensões do comprometimento estão relacionadas ao tempo de atuação dos gestores na instituição. / This paper aims to define, analyze and identify through a case study, the dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, continuance and normative managers campus of Castle Hayne, who are in their probationary period and the managers of Fortaleza campus who have passed this stage, draw a comparison and to relate both cases. Guided by a theoretical model of organizational commitment by Meyer and Allen (1991; 1997) approached. Commitment in the public sector in this study has as unit of analysis two federal institutions of science and technology education. As managers are, in most cases, responsible for developing a workforce capable and committed, its performance becomes very important in education, combined with technical competence and political will of planned actions. According to the descriptive and quantitative research, questionnaires were applied, tested and validated, containing aspects of semi-structured, which was divided into two parts: the first, with six items, addressing the personal and functional characteristics of the managers of each campus IFCE studied, and second, which has eighteen items divided into the three dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, continuance and normative, all based on a scale to measure the commitment of Meyer and Allen (1997) model is internationally accepted and validated. The results obtained in this research showed that the 35 managers of the Castle Hayne campus organizational commitment that was obtained more affective. Managers stable campus Fortaleza, also pointed to the affective dimension with the highest average commitment. With this guiding studies that there is a possible relationship with the time factor in the institution, since most managers campus Fortaleza has over a decade of operation, while the Castle Hayne campus, have less than three years in institution. Most of the campuses surveyed favor a strong relationship with the institution, already feel at home, the link is established by the presence of feelings, affection and identification, even by the fact that managers stay longer at work than at home, he is a mainstay of the organization of your own home. We conclude that the results do not allow us to state that the dimensions of commitment are related to time of performance of managers in the institution.

Medidas organizativas y educativas para facilitar la inclusión de estudiantes con trastorno del espectro autista en la universidad

La inclusión de las personas con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo, relacionadas con los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), en los centros educativos, se define bajo los principios de integración curricular, realizada sobre el mismo espacio regular. En la universidad existe actualmente un importante desarrollo normativo en base a la orientación psicopedagógica que trata de responder a la equidad de la educación de las personas con discapacidad, que acceden a realizar sus estudios de grado. Desde esta perspectiva, es necesario establecer los criterios básicos y las orientaciones educativas sobre los cuales ha de apoyarse el diseño de programas en el ámbito universitario. Esta investigación trata precisamente de responder a esta cuestión, con el objetivo principal de exponer las variables predictivas más significativas que faciliten las bases de dichos programas, así como establecer las pautas de intervención psicopedagógica correspondientes. En efecto, los resultados, hallados mediante un análisis de regresión lineal por pasos facilita la deducción de conclusiones acerca de la elaboración de un programa general de intervención, que luego tendría necesariamente que adaptarse a las necesidades particulares de cada situación.

Estrutura de organizações sociais: adaptação aos projetos sociais ou às pressões institucionais?

This is a study concerning in the structure of non governmental organizations, based on the institutional theory. It aims to understand the relation among structure, social projects and environmental influences, analyzing if there is coherence with project social or expresses adaptation to the institutional pressures of the environment. It introduces as theoretical support for the themes, studies about institutional theory and social structure. The research is descriptive and exploratory; it also applies to a study of case, based on the technical procedures. From the research universe, that was compound by non governmental organizations from Natal, RN, Brasil, it was chosen the Casa Renascer, a non governmental organization that works with the combat to the violence and sexual exploration of children and teenagers. The data collection process employed includes documental research, observations and semi structured research devices, guided by the organizational process proposed by Serva (1996) and by the institutional theory. The collected data were qualitatively treated. The analysis was divided into three parts, following the research matters. The social project characterization demonstrated that the organization went by three main phases. The first one, characterized by focus in women and girls education and health; the second shows the emphasis on girls in social risk situation, with preventive approach; and the last one, characterized by victims assistance of violence and sexual exploration. From the analysis using the institutional theory mechanisms, the results showed that exists coherence between structure and environmental influences, but a weak coherence between structure and social projects. It indicates as main determinant of the structure, an aspect forgotten by the institutional theory, the power. It was observed the presence from normative, coercive and mimetic mechanisms, highlighting normative influences

Fijación de precios : Costo Plus (costo más margen) y Target Costing (costeo objetivo),

Los tres factores básicos a considerar en la fijación de precios de productos o servicios son los clientes, la competencia y los costos. Dos enfoques son básicamente utilizados a partir de la información de la ontabilidad Gerencial.El enfoque de Cost-Plus (costo más un margen) utiliza una fórmula general que agrega un margen(Mark up) al costo base, como punto de partida de la decisión de fijación de precios.Muchos costos distintos (como los absorbentes de producción o totales) pueden servir como base del costo, alaplicar la fórmula del costo más margen. Después los precios se modifican con base en las reacciones de los clientes y las respuestas de los competidores.El enfoque de fijación de precios más usado hoy es el Costo Objetivo (Target Cost), en el cual primero se fijael precio objetivo que están dispuestos a pagar los clientes por un producto o servicio. Una utilidad de operación objetivo por unidad se resta al precio objetivo para determinar el costo objetivo por unidad. El reto para la organización es hacer las mejoras necesarias en sus costos mediante la ingeniería de valor y el mejoramiento continuo.

Activando la Accesibilidad Universal: guía práctica

Esta guía práctica, elaborada por el Comité Español de Representantes de Personas con Discapacidad (Cermi), tiene por objetivo garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades de las personas con discapacidad, impulsando la activación de la accesibilidad universal. Se concibe la diversidad como parte de la vida y se persigue que todas las personas puedan desarrollar la suya partiendo de condiciones similares. El documento alerta sobre las posibles barreras que pueden encontrarse las personas con discapacidad y se recomienda tener en consideración las diferentes capacidades humanas en la lucha contra ellas. La guía destaca la importancia de cambiar nuestra forma de actuar para evitar situaciones de discriminación, a las que muchas veces se llega de manera inconsciente, por desconocimiento. Para ello, es necesario entender lo que se denomina enfoque de derechos humanos de la discapacidad, en el que se han de considerar tres conceptos clave: el Diseño universal, la Accesibilidad y los Ajustes razonables. Además, se debe aplicar de forma transversal la perspectiva de género, así como criterios que apuesten por la autonomía personal. Se recuerda que la accesibilidad universal beneficia a un gran porcentaje de la población y tiene un impacto positivo en la prevención de riesgos laborales y otros accidentes. Por último, se aborda el marco normativo esencial en este ámbito, dando especial relevancia al papel de la Convención de la ONU sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad y la Ley General de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad.

Propuestas de mejora del marco normativo de la accesibilidad audiovisual

El conjunto de la legislación española en materia de accesibilidad presenta una serie de vacíos y deficiencias que suponen un menoscabo del derecho de las personas con discapacidad, ya sea sensorial, intelectual o de cualquier otro tipo, para acceder a los servicios audiovisuales, de telecomunicaciones y TIC.

Esta publicación realiza un análisis en profundidad del marco jurídico estatal vigente en materia de accesibilidad, poniendo el énfasis en las deficiencias que se pudieran detectar tanto en el plano legislativo como en el que debiera ser su desarrollo reglamentario adecuado y realiza, a modo de conclusión, una propuesta de modificaciones del marco legislativo en estas materias.

A utilidade da informação financeira para a gestão das microentidades, na perspetiva dos gestores e dos contabilistas certificados

Dissertação de Mestrado em Contabilidade

Reducir la mortalidad infantil: Un objetivo del desarrollo sostenible y una oportunidad para la enfermería.

os Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) guiarán las decisiones que adoptemos durante los próximos 15 años y en ellos se lograron avances en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) cuyos objetivos con la salud materna, neonatal e infantil y con la salud reproductiva distan de haber sido alcanzados. La mortalidad infantil es importante porque es un indicador de la utilización, accesibilidad y disponibilidad del sistema de salud de los habitantes, especialmente de los niños. La tasa de mortalidad infantil ha reducido a la mitad en 25 años (1990 a 2015) más la meta mundial del ODM de una reducción de 2/3 no se alcanzó. En 2015 la mayoría de las muertes en niños menores de cinco años fueron causadas por enfermedades neonatales, infecciosas o de nutrición. Estas muertes se pueden prevenir y tratar fácilmente en casa o en los centros de salud. Las enfermeras y parteras están en la primera línea de la prestación de estos servicios. En muchos países son líderes o actores clave en los equipos de salud interdisciplinarios. Ofrecen una amplia gama de servicios de enfermería y partería en todos los niveles del sistema de salud. Las Naciones Unidas piden la equidad en salud a través de la cobertura de salud universal, de modo que todos los niños puedan acceder a los servicios de salud esenciales. Pero esto sólo se puede lograr con el apoyo de los recursos humanos de salud, y de enfermería en particular. La investigación ha demostrado que más de la mitad de los casi 11 millones de muertes de niños/año, podrían salvarse mediante medidas como vacunas, mejora de la atención de la familia y las prácticas de lactancia, promover la planificación familiar y la educación de las mujeres. Para la lograr; la calidad, cantidad y relevancia de la fuerza de trabajo de enfermería y obstetricia tendrán que ser asegurado. La práctica de enfermería, a través de su experiencia directa y intervenciones terapéuticas centradas en el cliente y capaz de proporcionar cuidados eficaces de acuerdo con los contextos de salud y enfermedad es fundamental. Para alcanzar los ODS se necesitan datos sobre los recursos humanos de salud. La investigación de enfermería es decisiva en la creación y explicación de datos que incluyen los números, competencias, lugares de práctica y calidad de los resultados en el plano local, nacional e internacional. También es necesario documentación sobre la función y el trabajo de las enfermeras en la creación, soporte y mantenimiento de los sistemas de salud. Por fin, las políticas relacionadas con los recursos humanos deben estar basadas en la evidencia, y las enfermeras no se pueden olvidar su papel clave en las mesas de política.