O terrorismo e o impacto nos Direitos Humanos

Terrorism is at the center of speeches in contemporary societies. Terrorism has caused a great instability in Western society, but if before the Islamic fundamentalist terrorism was just a threat to the West, the Arab world of today suffers this same reality. Human rights conquered in the past, are being constantly violated and forgotten by the countries that make them flag of their ideals as the US, that this fight against terrorism already violated in every way those rights. Human rights are the fundamental pillars to be able to live in society and serve to protect the humanity of the atrocities that have been committed in the past with the great wars. Human rights are the fundamental pillars to be able to live in society and serve to protect the humanity of the atrocities that have been committed in the past with the great wars. Atrocities as torture, which is prohibited by several international documents and yet these inhumane practices continue to be used as a means of combating terrorism. Democracies are fragmented and the great challenge facing this century is finding means to contain the growth of these Islamic radicals, without jeopardizing the universally known human values.

Credit default swap (CDS) prediction model & trading strategy

This project focuses on the study of different explanatory models for the behavior of CDS security, such as Fixed-Effect Model, GLS Random-Effect Model, Pooled OLS and Quantile Regression Model. After determining the best fitness model, trading strategies with long and short positions in CDS have been developed. Due to some specifications of CDS, I conclude that the quantile regression is the most efficient model to estimate the data. The P&L and Sharpe Ratio of the strategy are analyzed using a backtesting analogy, where I conclude that, mainly for non-financial companies, the model allows traders to take advantage of and profit from arbitrages.

Banco Invest's internationalization

Field lab: Business project

Indeterminate RIBA results were associated with the absence of hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) in blood donors

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is diagnosed by the presence of antibodies and is supplemented by confirmatory testing methods, such as recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and HCV-RNA detection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RIBA testing to diagnose HCV infection in blood donors positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Methods: A total of 102 subjects positive for anti-HCV determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Bahia (HEMOBA) were later assessed with new samples using the Abbott Architect anti-HCV test (Abbott Diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany), the RIBA III test (Chiron RIBA HCV 3.0 SIA, Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA, USA), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR; COBAS® AMPLICOR HCV Roche Diagnostics Corp., Indianapolis, IN, USA) and line probe assay (LiPA - Siemens, Tarrytown, NY, USA) genotyping for HCV diagnosis. Results: Of these new samples, 38.2% (39/102) were positive, 57.8% (59/102) were negative and 3.9% (4/102) were indeterminate for anti-HCV; HCV-RNA was detected in 22.5% (23/102) of the samples. RIBA results were positive in 58.1% (25/43), negative in 9.3% (4/43) and indeterminate in 32.6% (14/43) of the samples. The prevailing genotypes were 1 (78.3%, 18/23), 3 (17.4%, 4/23) and 2 (4.3%, 1/23). All 14 samples with indeterminate RIBA results had undetectable viral loads (detection limit ≤50 IU/mL). Of these samples, 71.4% (10/14) were reevaluated six months later. Eighty percent (8/10) of these samples remained indeterminate by RIBA, and 20% (2/10) were negative. Conclusions: In this study, individuals with indeterminate RIBA results had no detectable HCV-RNA.

Optimal design and operation of compact simulated moving bed processes for enantioseparations

Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography is attracting more and more attention since it is a powerful technique for complex separation tasks. Nowadays, more than 60% of preparative SMB units are installed in the pharmaceutical and in the food in- dustry [SDI, Preparative and Process Liquid Chromatography: The Future of Process Separations, International Strategic Directions, Los Angeles, USA, 2002. http://www. strategicdirections.com]. Chromatography is the method of choice in these ¯elds, be- cause often pharmaceuticals and ¯ne-chemicals have physico-chemical properties which di®er little from those of the by-products, and they may be thermally instable. In these cases, standard separation techniques as distillation and extraction are not applicable. The noteworthiness of preparative chromatography, particulary SMB process, as a sep- aration and puri¯cation process in the above mentioned industries has been increasing, due to its °exibility, energy e±ciency and higher product purity performance. Consequently, a new SMB paradigm is requested by the large number of potential small- scale applications of the SMB technology, which exploits the °exibility and versatility of the technology. In this new SMB paradigm, a number of possibilities for improving SMB performance through variation of parameters during a switching interval, are pushing the trend toward the use of units with smaller number of columns because less stationary phase is used and the setup is more economical. This is especially important for the phar- maceutical industry, where SMBs are seen as multipurpose units that can be applied to di®erent separations in all stages of the drug-development cycle. In order to reduce the experimental e®ort and accordingly the coast associated with the development of separation processes, simulation models are intensively used. One impor- tant aspect in this context refers to the determination of the adsorption isotherms in SMB chromatography, where separations are usually carried out under strongly nonlinear conditions in order to achieve higher productivities. The accurate determination of the competitive adsorption equilibrium of the enantiomeric species is thus of fundamental importance to allow computer-assisted optimization or process scale-up. Two major SMB operating problems are apparent at production scale: the assessment of product quality and the maintenance of long-term stable and controlled operation. Constraints regarding product purity, dictated by pharmaceutical and food regulatory organizations, have drastically increased the demand for product quality control. The strict imposed regulations are increasing the need for developing optically pure drugs.(...)

Social capital : Social capital and psychological sense of community in the neighborhood - Predicting and preventing

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

The Multidimensional and Centred Structure of Our Interested Perception in Hierocles

O objectivo desta dissertação é identificar a estrutura da percepção tal como ela é desenhada por Hiérocles nos <,(#= >1!(?$%&'(). Para alcançar este objectivo focar-me-ei na análise que o filósofo estóico leva a cabo em torno da percepção. O foco começa por incindir sobre a distinção entre percepção de si e percepção do exterior, com todas as suas subtilezas. Tal análise implicará então a consideração da importância da não-indiferença nessa estrutura de percepção. O objectivo é compreender como a percepção é sempre relacional e interessada. . Centrar-me-ei então na noção de !"#$%&'(), tentanto explorar a complexidade e multiplicidade do fenómeno em causa. Será também estabalecida a relação com o fragmento de Estobeu (6.671), que é, a par da obra, a fonte mais importante do pensamento de Hiérocles. Através desta relação introduzir-se-á a estrutura circular e concêntrica de uma percepção relacional e interessada. Toda esta dissertação será levada a cabo focando-se principalmente nos textos do próprio Hiérocles.

Desenvolvimento de um sistema para a medição do efeito electroóptico

Foi desenvolvido um sistema para a medição do efeito electróptico em meios ópticos com propriedades de óptica não-linear. O sistema baseia-se numa técnica interferométrica implementada através de um interferómetro de Michelson funcionando em modo de transmissão, no qual se mede a diferença de fase entre os ramos do interferómetro gerada pelo efeito electróptico numa amostra onde é aplicado um potencial elétrico. O coeficiente electróptico a ser medido, pode ser escolhido pela aplicação do sinal eléctrico de uma amostra na direção adequada bem como do alinhamento desta num porta-amostras. O sistema foi calibrado usando um cristal com propriedades ópticas não-lineares padrão, o fosfato de dihidrogénio e potássio, tendo sido utilizado o coeficiente electróptico r63 como referência. O valor medido experimentalmente foi de 10;5 0;2pm=V , pelo que o valor tabelado se encontra dentro desta medida. A bancada óptica implementada revelou também estabilidade no que diz respeito ao ruído ambiente. Este sistema será utilizado no futuro para a medição de coeficientes electrópticos em filmes finos poliméricos, que contenham cromóforos com polarizabilidades electrónicas não-lineares elevadas.

O sagrado num espaço profano: a religião doméstica no Egipto Antigo

A Religião Egípcia, elemento omnipresente desta civilização, é uma realidade compósita onde cabem diferentes facetas. Uma delas é a Religião Doméstica – o conjunto das expressões religiosas levadas a cabo pelo crente em sua casa. Esta prática religiosa era, até à data da presente investigação, insuficientemente conhecida. A escassez de fontes textuais e as características das fontes materiais – com grande dispersão temporal e espacial e com proveniências e interpretações nem sempre seguras – foram, desde sempre, condicionalismos determinantes para o cumprimento deste objectivo. Foi, assim, com a consciência das dificuldades existentes, mas motivadas pela singularidade e importância do tema que iniciámos a nossa pesquisa. A caracterização da Religião Doméstica no Egipto antigo passou, num primeiro momento, pela identificação das fontes. No caso das fontes materiais conduziu à construção de uma base de dados. Seguidamente, avançou-se para um enquadramento temporal e espacial de modo a conhecer a diacronia e presença geográfica desta prática. Estes passos iniciais permitiram-nos prosseguir com segurança para a análise do fenómeno – a Religião Doméstica – de modo a observar os deuses envolvidos, as motivações, o espaço ritual – na casa – implicado e as suas manifestações. O conhecimento e o reconhecimento deste fenómeno religioso e a sua importância no contexto religioso desta civilização são, a partir de agora, mais evidentes, inteligíveis e, sobretudo, acessíveis. Esta foi a grande motivação do nosso trabalho.

Chagas disease in the State of Amazonas: history, epidemiological evolution, risks of endemicity and future perspectives

Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic infection that originated in the Americas and is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. In the last few years, the disease has spread to countries in North America, Asia and Europe due to the migration of Latin Americans. In the Brazilian Amazon, CD has an endemic transmission, especially in the Rio Negro region, where an occupational hazard was described for piaçaveiros (piassaba gatherers). In the State of Amazonas, the first chagasic infection was reported in 1977, and the first acute CD case was recorded in 1980. After initiatives to integrate acute CD diagnostics with the malaria laboratories network, reports of acute CD cases have increased. Most of these cases are associated with oral transmission by the consumption of contaminated food. Chronic cases have also been diagnosed, mostly in the indeterminate form. These cases were detected by serological surveys in cardiologic outpatient clinics and during blood donor screening. Considering that the control mechanisms adopted in Brazil's classic transmission areas are not fully applicable in the Amazon, it is important to understand the disease behavior in this region, both in the acute and chronic cases. Therefore, the pursuit of control measures for the Amazon region should be a priority given that CD represents a challenge to preserving the way of life of the Amazon's inhabitants.

A Flor da Melancolia e o Ímpeto Cesariano (ou a Negação e a Afirmação da Vida) nas Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas de Machado de Assis

Esta dissertação tem por objecto a flor da melancolia e o ímpeto cesariano nas Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis, noções que reflectem um confronto com a temática schopenhauriana e nietzschiana da negação e afirmação da vida. Trata-se de uma tese em Filosofia – variante Estética, que procura identificar no romance do escritor brasileiro aquilo que nele corresponde a um substrato metafísico, a uma procura pelo sentido e a uma tentativa de lidar com o sofrimento – feitas por um homem para quem Deus morreu, e que encontra numa dimensão temporal tudo o que há para encontrar. Consideramos que a despeito do pessimismo que atravessa o livro, há nele uma vitalidade que decorre grandemente do ponto de vista do narrador, do facto de as Memórias serem Póstumas. E pensamos que é no acto criador da escrita que Brás Cubas, e com ele Machado de Assis, firma o estandarte de César e abotoa a flor da melancolia, o sofrimento de que padece a Humanidade e que, no caso do personagem, surge depois da morte da mãe, no período de luto em que, pela primeira vez, há um questionamento acerca de si próprio e do seu lugar no mundo.

Integrative literature review of the reported uses of serological tests in leprosy management

Abstract: An integrative literature review was conducted to synthesize available publications regarding the potential use of serological tests in leprosy programs. We searched the databases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde, Acervo da Biblioteca da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Hanseníase, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Ovid, Cinahl, and Web of Science for articles investigating the use of serological tests for antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), ML0405, ML2331, leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (LID-1), and natural disaccharide octyl-leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (NDO-LID). From an initial pool of 3.514 articles, 40 full-length articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Based on these papers, we concluded that these antibodies can be used to assist in diagnosing leprosy, detecting neuritis, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring household contacts or at-risk populations in leprosy-endemic areas. Thus, available data suggest that serological tests could contribute substantially to leprosy management.

Isokinetic dynamometry of knee flexors and extensors: comparative study among non-athletes, jumper athletes and runner athletes

Participation in intensive sports activities leads to muscular specializations that may generate alterations in involved articular forces and cause static (posture) and dynamic changes (alterations of articular stability, coordination, etc.). Prevention of injury requires specific functional muscular evaluation in all athletes and for any kind of sport. OBJECTIVE: To dynamically evaluate, through isokinetic tests, the peak torque, total work, and average power of the knee flexor and extensor muscles of jumper and runner athletes and compare them to those of a non-athletic population, evaluating dominance and balance between agonistic and antagonistic muscle groups. RESULTS: In the non-athlete group, we noted a higher asymmetry between the dominant and nondominant members. The jumpers had the highest values of the evaluated parameters of all groups, whereas parameters for the runners were intermediate between non-athletes and jumpers.