Aprendizaje, simulación y desarrollo sobre las tecnologías de voz y datos

El objetivo del Proyecto Fin de Carrera (PFC) es el de conocer, simular y crear una red VoIP sobre una red de datos en un entorno docente, más concretamente, en la asignatura Redes y Servicios de telecomunicación en Grado en Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones en la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). Una vez se adquieran los conocimientos necesarios, se propondrán una serie de prácticas para que los alumnos se vayan familiarizando con el software y hardware utilizados, de manera que, se irá subiendo el grado de dificultad hasta que puedan realizar una auténtica red VoIP por sí mismos. A parte de la realización de las prácticas, los alumnos deberán pasar una prueba de los conocimientos adquiridos al final de cada práctica mediante preguntas tipo test. Los sistemas elegidos para la implantación de una red VoIP en los módulos de laboratorio son: 3CX System Phone y Asteisk-Trixbox. Los cuales, son capaces de trabajar mediante gestores gráficos para simplificar el nivel de dificultad de la configuración. 3CX es una PBX que trabaja sobre Windows y se basa exclusivamente en el protocolo SIP. Esto facilita el manejo para usuarios que solo han usado Windows sin quitar funcionalidades que tienen otras centralitas en otros sistemas operativos. La versión demo activa todas las opciones para poder familiarizarse con este sistema. Por otro lado, Asterisk trabaja en todas las plataformas, aunque se ha seleccionado trabajar sobre Linux. Esta selección se ha realizado porque el resto de plataformas limitan la configuración de la IP PBX, esta es de código abierto y permite realizar todo tipo de configuraciones. Además, es un software gratuito, esto es una ventaja a la hora de configurar novedades o resolver problemas, ya que hay muchos especialistas que dan soporte y ayudan de forma gratuita. La voz sobre Internet es habitualmente conocida como VoIP (Voice Over IP), debido a que IP (Internet Protocol) es el protocolo de red de Internet. Como tecnología, la VoIP no es solo un paso más en el crecimiento de las comunicaciones por voz, sino que supone integrar las comunicaciones de datos y las de voz en una misma red, y en concreto, en la red con mayor cobertura mundial: Internet. La mayor importancia y motivación de este Proyecto Fin de Carrera es que el alumno sea capaz de llegar a un entorno laboral y pueda tener unos conocimientos capaces de afrontar esta tecnología que esta tan a la orden del día. La importancia que estas redes tienen y tendrán en un futuro muy próximo en el mundo de la informática y las comunicaciones. Cabe decir, que se observa que estas disciplinas tecnológicas evolucionan a pasos agigantados y se requieren conocimientos más sólidos. ABSTRACT. The objective of my final project during my studies in university was, to simulate and create a VoIP network over a data network in a teaching environment, more specifically on the subject of telecommunications networks and services in Telecommunication Engineering Degree in Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM). Once acquiring the necessary knowledge a number of practices were proposed to the students to become familiar with the software and hardware used, so that it would rise to the level of difficulty that they could make a real VoIP network for themselves. Parts of the experimental practices were that students must pass a test of knowledge acquired at the end of each practice by choice questions. The systems chosen for the implementation of a VoIP network in the laboratory modules are: 3CX Phone System and Asteisk - Trixbox. Which were able to work with graphics operators to simplify the difficulty level of the configuration. 3CX is a PBX that works on Windows and is based solely on the SIP protocol. This facilitates handling for users who have only used Windows without removing functionality with other exchanges in other operating systems. Active demo version all options to get to grips with this system. Moreover, Asterisk works on all platforms, but has been selected to work on Linux. This selection was made because other platforms limit the IP PBX configuration, as this is open source and allows all kinds of configurations. Also, Linux is a free software and an advantage when configuring new or solve problems, as there are many specialists that support and help for free. Voice over Internet is commonly known as VoIP (Voice Over IP), because IP (Internet Protocol) is the Internet protocol network. As technology, VoIP is not just another step in the growth of voice communications, but communications of integrating data and voice on a single network, and in particular, in the network with the largest global coverage: Internet. The increased importance and motivation of this Thesis is that the student is able to reach a working environment and may have some knowledge to deal with these technologies that is so much the order of the day. The importances of these networks have and will be of essences in the very near future in the world of computing and communications. It must be said it is observed that these technological disciplines evolve by leaps and bounds stronger knowledge required.

CompactRIO: advanced data acquisition systems integration in CODAC Core System

Las herramientas de configuración basadas en lenguajes de alto nivel como LabVIEW permiten el desarrollo de sistemas de adquisición de datos basados en hardware reconfigurable FPGA muy complejos en un breve periodo de tiempo. La estandarización del ciclo de diseño hardware/software y la utilización de herramientas como EPICS facilita su integración con la plataforma de adquisición y control ITER CODAC CORE SYSTEM (CCS) basada en Linux. En este proyecto se propondrá una metodología que simplificará el ciclo completo de integración de plataformas novedosas, como cRIO, en las que el funcionamiento del hardware de adquisición puede ser modificado por el usuario para que éste se amolde a sus requisitos específicos. El objetivo principal de este proyecto fin de master es realizar la integración de un sistema cRIO NI9159 y diferentes módulos de E/S analógica y digital en EPICS y en CODAC CORE SYSTEM (CCS). Este último consiste en un conjunto de herramientas software que simplifican la integración de los sistemas de instrumentación y control del experimento ITER. Para cumplir el objetivo se realizarán las siguientes tareas: • Desarrollo de un sistema de adquisición de datos basado en FPGA con la plataforma hardware CompactRIO. En esta tarea se realizará la configuración del sistema y la implementación en LabVIEW para FPGA del hardware necesario para comunicarse con los módulos: NI9205, NI9264, NI9401.NI9477, NI9426, NI9425 y NI9476 • Implementación de un driver software utilizando la metodología de AsynDriver para integración del cRIO con EPICS. Esta tarea requiere definir todos los records necesarios que exige EPICS y crear las interfaces adecuadas que permitirán comunicarse con el hardware. • Implementar la descripción del sistema cRIO y del driver EPICS en el sistema de descripción de plantas de ITER llamado SDD. Esto automatiza la creación de las aplicaciones de EPICS que se denominan IOCs. SUMMARY The configuration tools based in high-level programing languages like LabVIEW allows the development of high complex data acquisition systems based on reconfigurable hardware FPGA in a short time period. The standardization of the hardware/software design cycle and the use of tools like EPICS ease the integration with the data acquisition and control platform of ITER, the CODAC Core System based on Linux. In this project a methodology is proposed in order to simplify the full integration cycle of new platforms like CompactRIO (cRIO), in which the data acquisition functionality can be reconfigured by the user to fits its concrete requirements. The main objective of this MSc final project is to develop the integration of a cRIO NI-9159 and its different analog and digital Input/Output modules with EPICS in a CCS. The CCS consists of a set of software tools that simplifies the integration of instrumentation and control systems in the International Thermonuclear Reactor (ITER) experiment. To achieve such goal the following tasks are carried out: • Development of a DAQ system based on FPGA using the cRIO hardware platform. This task comprehends the configuration of the system and the implementation of the mandatory hardware to communicate to the I/O adapter modules NI9205, NI9264, NI9401, NI9477, NI9426, NI9425 y NI9476 using LabVIEW for FPGA. • Implementation of a software driver using the asynDriver methodology to integrate such cRIO system with EPICS. This task requires the definition of the necessary EPICS records and the creation of the appropriate interfaces that allow the communication with the hardware. • Develop the cRIO system’s description and the EPICS driver in the ITER plant description tool named SDD. This development will automate the creation of EPICS applications, called IOCs.

Monitorización de sistemas en alta disponibilidad

El objetivo del proyecto es implantar un sistema de monitorización, con la peculiaridad de encontrarse en alta disponibilidad, esto es, que el servicio (la monitorización de una infraestructura) se preste forma continua y no se vea interrumpido. Dado que el propósito del sistema es monitorizar activamente una infraestructura, ha sido necesario desplegar una infraestructura, además del sistema de monitorización. La infraestructura en cuestión está compuesta por un servidor de documentación, un servidor de base de datos, un servidor de aplicaciones y un servidor web. El sistema de monitorización se ha desplegado en la misma red de área local de esta infraestructura y monitoriza que los servicios prestados por los componentes de esta infraestructura se encuentren operativos y funcionando adecuadamente. Así pues, se tendría un sistema de monitorización local funcional. No obstante, el proyecto plantea un sistema escalable, que esté preparado para el crecimiento de la infraestructura y continúe siendo eficiente. Para ello, sistema de monitorización se encuentre dividido por dos componentes:  Sonda delegada: monitoriza localmente los activos de la infraestructura a monitorizar, es el escenario anteriormente descrito.  Sonda maestra: recibe los resultados de la monitorización realizada, este sistema puede estar desplegado en otra red distinta a la sonda delegada. Este enfoque no solo es escalable, sino también es fiel a la realidad, pues puede darse el caso de que las sondas pertenezcan a distintas infraestructuras e inclusive, distintas organizaciones, y se comuniquen a través de internet, mediante un mecanismo confiable a ser posible. El proyecto plantea que ambas sondas se encuentren en alta disponibilidad (en adelante HA, referente a high availability), y que cada sonda está compuesta por dos equipos (nodos, en adelante). Como se analizará en posteriores capítulos, existen diversas configuraciones que permiten implantar un sistema en HA, la configuración escogida para el proyecto es Activo – Pasivo(los detalles de esta configuración también se explican en posteriores capítulos). Para finalizar, se estudiara la posibilidad de ofrecer respuestas activas en ciertas situaciones y configuraciones adicionales sobre el sistema de monitorización base. Por otro lado, para la implantación del proyecto se ha usado software de código abierto para la virtualización de la infraestructura (Virtual Box y GNS3), los sistemas operativos base (Linux), el sistema de monitorización(Nagios Core) así como el software que implementa la HA (corosync y pacemaker).---ABSTRACT---The aim of the Project is to implement a monitoring system, with the peculiarity of being deployed in high availability, what it is that the service (monitoring infrastructure) is provided continuously and not interrupted. As the purpose of the system is monitoring infrastructure actively, an infrastructure has been deployed, and also the monitoring system. The infrastructure monitored is composed of a documentation server, a server database, an application server and a Web server. The monitoring system has been also deployed on the same LAN of this infrastructure and monitors the services provided by the components of this infrastructure are operational and working as expected. This is a local monitoring system functional. However, the project also proposes a scalable system that is ready for growth of infrastructure and efficient. This is the reason of divide the system in two components:  Slave Component: monitors locally the infrastructure assets to be monitored, this is the scenario described above.  Master Component: get the results from the monitoring, provided by the Slave Component. This system can be deployed in a different network than the slave component. This approach is not only scalable but also a real scenario, as may be the case that the Components belongs to different infrastructures and even, different organizations, also this components can communicate over the Internet, through a reliable mechanism if possible. The project proposes that both Components are deployed in high availability (HA onwards concerning high availability), each Component is composed of two servers (nodes, hereafter). As will be discussed in later chapters, there are several settings available to deploy a system in HA, the configuration chosen for the project is Active - Passive (details of this configuration are also explained in later chapters). Finally the possibility of offering active responses in certain situations and additional settings on the monitoring system will be discussed. On the other hand, for the implementation of the project, open source software has been used, for virtualization infrastructure (Virtual Box and GNS3), code-based operating systems (Linux), the monitoring system (Nagios core), as well as the software that implements the HA (corosync and pacemaker).

A Wireless Charging System Applying Phase-Shift and Amplitude Control to Maximize Efficiency and Extractable Power

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an emerging technology with an increasing number of potential applications to transfer power from a transmitter to a mobile receiver over a relatively large air gap. However, its widespread application is hampered due to the relatively low efficiency of current Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This study presents a concept to maximize the efficiency as well as to increase the amount of extractable power of a WPT system operating in nonresonant operation. The proposed method is based on actively modifying the equivalent secondary-side load impedance by controlling the phase-shift of the active rectifier and its output voltage level. The presented hardware prototype represents a complete wireless charging system, including a dc-dc converter which is used to charge a battery at the output of the system. Experimental results are shown for the proposed concept in comparison to a conventional synchronous rectification approach. The presented optimization method clearly outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in terms of efficiency and extractable power.

Retrograde axonal transport of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the adult nigrostriatal system suggests a trophic role in the adult.

The recently cloned, distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), has potent trophic actions on fetal mesencephalic dopamine neurons. GDNF also has protective and restorative activity on adult mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and potently protects motoneurons from axotomy-induced cell death. However, evidence for a role for endogenous GDNF as a target-derived trophic factor in adult midbrain dopaminergic circuits requires documentation of specific transport from the sites of synthesis in the target areas to the nerve cell bodies themselves. Here, we demonstrate that GDNF is retrogradely transported by mesencephalic dopamine neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway. The pattern of retrograde transport following intrastriatal injections indicates that there may be subpopulations of neurons that are GDNF responsive. Retrograde axonal transport of biologically active 125I-labeled GDNF was inhibited by an excess of unlabeled GDNF but not by an excess of cytochrome c. Specificity was further documented by demonstrating that another TGF-beta family member, TGF-beta 1, did not appear to affect retrograde transport. Retrograde transport was also demonstrated by immunohistochemistry by using intrastriatal injections of unlabeled GDNF. GDNF immunoreactivity was found specifically in dopamine nerve cell bodies of the substantia nigra pars compacta distributed in granules in the soma and proximal dendrites. Our data implicate a specific receptor-mediated uptake mechanism operating in the adult. Taken together, the present findings suggest that GDNF acts endogenously as a target-derived physiological survival/maintenance factor for dopaminergic neurons.

The influence of the sample introduction system on signals of different tin compounds in inductively coupled plasma-based techniques

The influence of the sample introduction system on the signals obtained with different tin compounds in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) based techniques, i.e., ICP atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) has been studied. Signals for test solutions prepared from four different tin compounds (i.e., tin tetrachloride, monobutyltin, dibutyltin and di-tert-butyltin) in different solvents (methanol 0.8% (w/w), i-propanol 0.8% (w/w) and various acid matrices) have been measured by ICP–AES and ICP–MS. The results demonstrate a noticeable influence of the volatility of the tin compounds on their signals measured with both techniques. Thus, in agreement with the compound volatility, the highest signals are obtained for tin tetrachloride followed by di-tert-butyltin/monobutyltin and dibutyltin. The sample introduction system exerts an important effect on the amount of solution loading the plasma and, hence, on the relative signals afforded by the tin compounds in ICP–based techniques. Thus, when working with a pneumatic concentric nebulizer, the use of spray chambers affording high solvent transport efficiency to the plasma (such as cyclonic and single pass) or high spray chamber temperatures is recommended to minimize the influence of the tin chemical compound. Nevertheless, even when using the conventional pneumatic nebulizer coupled to the best spray chamber design (i.e., a single pass spray chamber), signals obtained for di-tert-butyltin/monobutyltin and dibutyltin are still around 10% and 30% lower than the corresponding signal for tin tetrachloride, respectively. When operating with a pneumatic microconcentric nebulizer coupled to a 50 °C-thermostated cinnabar spray chamber, all studied organotin compounds provided similar emission signals although about 60% lower than those obtained for tin tetrachloride. The use of an ultrasonic nebulizer coupled to a desolvation device provides the largest differences in the emission signals, among all tested systems.

Optimal Design of a Hybrid Membrane System Combining Reverse and Forward Osmosis for Seawater Desalination

In this work we study Forward Osmosis (FO) as an emerging desalination technology, and its capability to replace totally or partially Reverse Osmosis (RO) in order to reduce the great amount of energy required in the current desalination plants. For this purpose, we propose a superstructure that includes both membrane based desalination technologies, allowing the selection of only one of the technologies or a combination of both of them seeking for the optimal configuration of the network. The optimization problem is solved for a seawater desalination plant with a given fresh water production. The results obtained show that the optimal solution combines both desalination technologies to reduce not only the energy consumption but also the total cost of the desalination process in comparison with the same plant but operating only with RO.

Emissions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a cement kiln using a continuous monitoring system

Resumen de la comunicación presentada en PIC2015 – the 14th International Congress on Combustion By-Products and Their Health Effects, Umeå, Sweden, 14-17 June 2015.

THE DESIGN OF A POWER SYSTEM FOR A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR LONG-TERM OPERATION

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have shown wide applicability to many fields including monitoring of environmental, civil, and industrial settings. WSNs however are resource constrained by many competing factors that span their hardware, software, and networking. One of the central resource constrains is the charge consumption of WSN nodes. With finite energy supplies, low charge consumption is needed to ensure long lifetimes and success of WSNs. This thesis details the design of a power system to support long-term operation of WSNs. The power system’s development occurs in parallel with a custom WSN from the Queen’s MEMS Lab (QML-WSN), with the goal of supporting a 1+ year lifetime without sacrificing functionality. The final power system design utilizes a TPS62740 DC-DC converter with AA alkaline batteries to efficiently supply the nodes while providing battery monitoring functionality and an expansion slot for future development. Testing tools for measuring current draw and charge consumption were created along with analysis and processing software. Through their use charge consumption of the power system was drastically lowered and issues in QML-WSN were identified and resolved including the proper shutdown of accelerometers, and incorrect microcontroller unit (MCU) power pin connection. Controlled current profiling revealed unexpected behaviour of nodes and detailed current-voltage relationships. These relationships were utilized with a lifetime projection model to estimate a lifetime between 521-551 days, depending on the mode of operation. The power system and QML-WSN were tested over a long term trial lasting 272+ days in an industrial testbed to monitor an air compressor pump. Environmental factors were found to influence the behaviour of nodes leading to increased charge consumption, while a node in an office setting was still operating at the conclusion of the trail. This agrees with the lifetime projection and gives a strong indication that a 1+ year lifetime is achievable. Additionally, a light-weight charge consumption model was developed which allows charge consumption information of nodes in a distributed WSN to be monitored. This model was tested in a laboratory setting demonstrating +95% accuracy for high packet reception rate WSNs across varying data rates, battery supply capacities, and runtimes up to full battery depletion.

Development of an interactive system to study sub-lethal effects of pollutants on the behavior of organisms /

"Grant no. R803244."

Analytical modeling of driver response in crash avoidance maneuvering. Volume III: a trim model and computer program for determining ground vehicle steady state operating conditions and quasilinear stability coefficients. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Development of a low cost anti-lock brake system for small motorcycles. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Development of headlight system performance criteria. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

DIS computer operation instructions for the NAS System.

"July 1987"--Cover.

MTS, the Michigan Terminal System.

Includes index.