1000 resultados para GANADO BOVINO - DIAGNOSTICO


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2 t. en 1 v.

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Falta la últ. h. de tablas, quq ha sido sustit. por otra ms.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Valve stiction, or static friction, in control loops is a common problem in modern industrial processes. Recently, many studies have been developed to understand, reproduce and detect such problem, but quantification still remains a challenge. Since the valve position (mv) is normally unknown in an industrial process, the main challenge is to diagnose stiction knowing only the output signals of the process (pv) and the control signal (op). This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network approach in order to detect and quantify the amount of static friction using only the pv and op information. Different methods for preprocessing the training set of the neural network are presented. Those methods are based on the calculation of centroid and Fourier Transform. The proposal is validated using a simulated process and the results show a satisfactory measurement of stiction.

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The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 – 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ν C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ≥ 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ≤ 8 – 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 μg Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.

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The Benzylpenicillin (PENG) have been as the active ingredient in veterinary medicinal products, to increase productivity, due to its therapeutic properties. However, one of unfortunate quality and used indiscriminately, resulting in residues in foods exposed to human consumption, especially in milk that is essential to the diet of children and the ageing. Thus, it is indispensable to develop new methods able to detect this waste food, at levels that are toxic to human health, in order to contribute to the food security of consumers and collaborate with regulatory agencies in an efficient inspection. In this work, were developed methods for the quality control of veterinary drugs based on Benzylpenicillin (PENG) that are used in livestock production. Additionally, were validated methodologies for identifying and quantifying the antibiotic residues in milk bovine and caprine. For this, the analytical control was performed two steps. At first, the groups of samples of medicinal products I, II, III, IV and V, individually, were characterized by medium infrared spectroscopy (4000 – 600 cm-1). Besides, 37 samples, distributed in these groups, were analyzed by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and near infrared region (UV VIS NIR) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatograph coupled to linear arrangement photodiodes (UFLC-DAD). The results of the characterization indicated similarities, between PENG and reference standard samples, primarily in regions of 1818 to 1724 cm-1 of ν C=O that shows primary amides features of PENG. The method by UFLC-DAD presented R on 0.9991. LOD of 7.384 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ of 2.049 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The analysis shows that 62.16% the samples presented purity ≥ 81.21%. The method by spectroscopy in the UV VIS NIR presented medium error ≤ 8 – 12% between the reference and experimental criteria, indicating is a secure choice for rapid determination of PENG. In the second stage, was acquiring a method for the extraction and isolation of PENG by the addition of buffer McIlvaine, used for precipitation of proteins total, at pH 4.0. The results showed excellent recovery values PENG, being close to 92.05% of samples of bovine milk (method 1). While samples of milk goats (method 2) the recovery of PENG were 95.83%. The methods for UFLC-DAD have been validated in accordance with the maximum residue limit (LMR) of 4 μg Kg-1 standardized by CAC/GL16. Validation of the method 1 indicated R by 0.9975. LOD of 7.246 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.196 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method 1 showed that 12% the samples presented concentration of residues of PENG > LMR. The method 2 indicated R by 0.9995. LOD 8.251 × 10-4 μg mL-1. LOQ de 2.5270 × 10-3 μg mL-1. The application of the method showed that 15% of the samples were above the tolerable. The comparative analysis between the methods pointed better validation for LCP samples, because the reduction of the matrix effect, on this account the tcalculs < ttable, caused by the increase of recovery of the PENG. In this mode, all the operations developed to deliver simplicity, speed, selectivity, reduced analysis time and reagent use and toxic solvents, particularly if compared to the established methodologies.

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El presente estudio se realizó en colaboración con el organismo italiano CROCEVIA, y en él se pretendió determinar el nivel poblacional, distribución geográfica, elementos de manejo, utilización y características del ganado criollo Reyna. Se determinó que esta raza está presente en once de los dieciséis departamentos del país, al canzando una población total de 1 963 cabezas, de las cuales 1184 corresponden al hato puro y 779 al hato cruzado, siendo los departamentos de Rivas y Boaco los que alcanzaron la mayor población de hato puro. Los sistemas donde se explota esta raza, principalmente son de doble propósito, con alimentación basada en el pastoreo, que en algunos casos se acompaña de suplementación durante el ordeño. Se identificaron 20 especies de pastos en las fincas donde se explota esta raza. La producción de leche en el hato puro se obtiene por ordeño doble o sencillo alcanzando en el primer caso niveles de cuatro a cinco kg en invierno y de cinco a seis kg en verano, y cuando se realiza un solo ordeño, 4.5 kg y 5.5 kg en invierno y verano respectivamente. En el hato cruzado prevalece un solo ordeño con producciones que oscilan entre cuatro y 11 kg en invierno y de tres a 13 kg en verano. De los cruces raciales en los que participa el Reyna se registraron 23, con el predominio de media sangre y un cuarto Reyna en combinación con seis razas. En relación a sus cualidades se registraron 18 bondades y siete defectos señalados por los productores

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La realización de pasantías tienen un componente formativo,una pasantía debe dar la oportunidad a los jóvenes de aprender calificaciones prácticas que causarán una buena impresión sobre los potenciales empleadores.Seis meses de pasantías en el Laboratorio Central de DiagnósticoVeterinario y Microbiología de Alimentos IPSA en el área de Virología se fundamentó los tres meses iniciales en la Inducción a técnicas utilizadas en análisis de muestras para el diagnóstico de enfermedades virales tales como: Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino (PRRS), Peste Porcina Clásica (PPC), Circovirus Porcino, Enfermedad de Aujeszky, Diarrea Viral Bovina (BVDV), Fiebre del Nilo Occidental, La Enfermedad de Newcastle (EN), Laringotraqueitis Infecciosa Aviar (LTI), Bronquitis Infecciosa Aviar (BIA),Virus de la Enfermedad de la Cabeza Amarilla (YHV),El virus del Síndrome de Taura (TSV), Virus de la Necrosis Hipodérmica y Hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV), Bacteria de la Necrosis Hepatopancreática (NHPB),Virus Mionecrosis Infecciosa (IMNV), Nodavirus del Penaeus Vannamei (PVNV),Virus Mancha Blanca (WSSV), correcto manejo de la muestras, uso de equipos en el área de virología, realización de tareas de desinfección y esterilización de materiales que se utilizan, manejo de documentación en solicitudes de análisis de muestras y resultados emitidos para mantener la trazabilidad de las mismas. Tres meses posteriores de la pasantía enfocado a un trabajo experimental que se realizó con 4 aves utilizando biología molecular en el estudio de ácidos nucleicos para implementación de una nueva técnica de diagnóstico en el área de Virología para la enfermedad aviar de Newcastle mediante PCR tiempo real ; en la cual lleve un seguimiento desde la elaboración del cronograma de actividades, vacuna de las aves, recolección de muestras por tres semanas, elaboración de bitácora del experimento, presupuesto de equipos y materiales, hasta su extracción y amplificación de ácidos nucleicos en un termociclador. (bajo supervisión del jefe de área) a través de la cadena polimerasa con el objetivo de hacer un aporte en extender el conocimiento de manejo de esta técnica en la Facultad de Ciencia Animal tan actual y para el laboratorio se sustenta la relevancia del experimento, en una necesidad tangible para ser competitivos con el mercado internacional y garantizar la inocuidad de los productos destinados a consumo humano un servicio con mayor rapidez debido a la relevancia de la enfermedad en un país con una economía insipiente donde Nicaragua es libre con vacunación de dicha enfermedad y por el cual necesitamos mantener dicho estatus a nivel internacional mediante pruebas más sensibles que vayan acorde con los requisitos estipulados por la OIE.. La pasantía me permitió la oportunidad de aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en la Universidad Nacional Agraria, intercambiando información científica e investi gación sobre temas innovadores como el de biología molecular en el estudio de ácidos nucleicos. Realizando un conjunto de actividades de carácter teórico –práctico, en este caso en un ente estatal Laboratorio Central de Diagnostico Veterinario y Microbio logía de Alimentos (LCDVMA) IPSA, a fin de aplicar y complementar los conocimientos en el campo especifico de trabajo, colaborar en la solución de problemas y adquirir experiencias laboral.