Static shape control of repetitive structures integrated with piezoelectric actuators

In this paper, several simplification methods are presented for shape control of repetitive structures such as symmetrical, rotational periodic, linear periodic, chain and axisymmetrical structures. Some special features in the differential equations governing these repetitive structures are examined by considering the whole structures. Based on the special properties of the governing equations, several methods are presented for simplifying their solution process. Finally, the static shape control of a cantilever symmetrical plate with piezoelectric actuator patches is demonstrated using the present simplification method. The result shows that present methods can effectively be used to find the optimal control voltage for shape control.

Efecto de distancias de siembra y frecuencia de control mecánico de malezas, sobre la dinámica de las malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Este experimento fue realizado en la época de postrera de 1993, en la estación experimental La Compañía, ubicada en el municipio de San Marcos, Carazo, con el propósito de determinar el efecto de tres distancias de siembra y frecuencias de control mecánico de malezas sobre la cenosis de las malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variedad Revolución 84. Los factores en estudio fueron: a) distancia de siembra (0.20 m., 0.40 m. y 0.60 m.) y b) frecuencias de control mecánico de malezas (enmalezado, control durante el período crítico (21 días después de la siembra) y limpia periódica (15, 21 y 28 días después de la siembra). En los resultados se presentan los efectos principales de cada uno de los factores, ya que no se encontró interacciones entre factores. Los resultados se resumen de la siguiente manera: referente a abundancia de individuos de malezas a los 28, 42 y 56 días después de la siembra, se observó menor abundancia y biomasa de malezas en el control limpia periódica. Se determinaron como especies más abundantes y dominantes las siguientes: Melanthera aspera (Jacq) Rich, et Spreng. Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC y Bidens pilosa L. En cuanto a los componentes del rendimiento, se determinó mayor número de plantas en el control periodo crítico, y en distanciamiento de 0.40 m., seguido del control limpia periódica y distanciamiento de 0.20 m. El mayor número de vainas por planta, granos por vaina y los mayores rendimientos se presentaron en el control limpia periódica y en la distancia de 0.40 m. El tratamiento con mejor rentabilidad fue el control durante el periodo crítico y la distancia de siembra de 0.40 m.

Binary excitation of a high-Q bulk acoustic microresonator by actuation polarity inversion

We present a technique for independently exciting two resonant modes of vibration in a single-crystal silicon bulk mode microresonator using the same electrode configuration through control of the polarity of the DC actuation voltage. Applications of this technique may include built-in temperature compensation by the simultaneous selective excitation of two closely spaced modes that may have different temperature coefficients of resonant frequency. The technique is simple and requires minimum circuit overhead for implementation. The technique is implemented on square plate resonators with quality factors as high as 3.06 × 106. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.

Component-based approach to the holonic control of a robot assembly cell

The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of a new approach for the introduction of so called 'holonic manufacturing' principles into existing production control systems. Such an approach is intended to improve the reconfigurability of the control system to cope with the increasing requirements of production change. A conceptual architecture is described and implemented in a robot assembly cell to demonstrate that this approach can lead to a manufacturing control system which can adapt relatively simply to long-term change. A design methodology and migration strategy for achieving these solutions using conventional hardware is proposed to develop execution level of manufacturing control systems.

Robust approach to dynamic statistical process control

Statistical Process Control (SPC) technique are well established across a wide range of industries. In particular, the plotting of key steady state variables with their statistical limit against time (Shewart charting) is a common approach for monitoring the normality of production. This paper aims with extending Shewart charting techniques to the quality monitoring of variables driven by uncertain dynamic processes, which has particular application in the process industries where it is desirable to monitor process variables on-line as well as final product. The robust approach to dynamic SPC is based on previous work on guaranteed cost filtering for linear systems and is intended to provide a basis for both a wide application of SPC monitoring and also motivate unstructured fault detection.

An Electrowetting Model For Rough Surfaces Under Low Voltage

Electrowetting is one of the most effective methods to enhance wettability. A significant change of contact angle for the liquid droplet can result from the surface microstructures and the external electric field, without altering the chemical composition of the system. During the electrowetting process on a rough surface, the droplet exhibits a sharp transition from the Cassie-Baxter to the Wenzel regime at a low critical voltage. In this paper, a theoretical model for electrowetting is put forth to describe the dynamic electrical control of the wetting behavior at the low voltage, considering the surface topography. The theoretical results are found to be in good agreement with the existing experimental results. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2008.