993 resultados para Chromium(VI) determination


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Contenido: El derecho natural / A. D. Busso – El matrimonio en las sinodales del Obisplo Trejo / N. C. Dellaferrera – Las primeras reuniones del episcopado argentino, y algunos documentos “extravagantes” / C. I. Heredia – El “obsequium, intellectus et voluntatis” del canon 752 / P. D. Martínez – Notas – Jurisprudencia – Actualidad – Legislación particular argentina -- Recensiones

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Contenido: Filosofía y originalidad / La Dirección – La idea de posible y el sentido de la existencia : génesis de esta idea / André Marc – Carácter existencial de la demostración de la existencia de Dios / Octavio N. Derisi – La naturaleza en la ciencia físico-matemática / Raimundo Paniker – Razones seminales y formas substanciales : agustinismo y tomismo / F. J. Thonnard – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

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The Vi capsular polysaccharide is a virulence-associated factor expressed by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi but absent from virtually all other Salmonella serotypes. In order to study this determinant in vivo, we characterised a Vi-positive S. Typhimurium (C5.507 Vi(+)), harbouring the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-7, which encodes the Vi locus. S. Typhimurium C5.507 Vi(+) colonised and persisted in mice at similar levels compared to the parent strain, S. Typhimurium C5. However, the innate immune response to infection with C5.507 Vi(+) and SGB1, an isogenic derivative not expressing Vi, differed markedly. Infection with C5.507 Vi(+) resulted in a significant reduction in cellular trafficking of innate immune cells, including PMN and NK cells, compared to SGB1 Vi(-) infected animals. C5.507 Vi(+) infection stimulated reduced numbers of TNF-α, MIP-2 and perforin producing cells compared to SGB1 Vi(-). The modulating effect associated with Vi was not observed in MyD88(-/-) and was reduced in TLR4(-/-) mice. The presence of the Vi capsule also correlated with induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in vivo, a factor that impacted on chemotaxis and the activation of immune cells in vitro.

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Contenido: En el centenario del nacimiento del Cardenal Desiderio Mercier / La Dirección – La actitud del Cardenal Mercier en materia de investigación filosófica / Luis de Raeymaeker – Razones seminales y formas substanciales : agustinismo y tomismo / F. J. Thonnard – El fundamento metafísico de la noción del bien / Fritz Joachim Von Rintelen – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

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Peel test measurements and simulations of the interfacial mechanical parameters for the Al/Epoxy/Al2O3 system are performed in the present investigation. A series of Al film thicknesses between 20 and 250 microns and three peel angles of 90, 135 and 180 degrees are considered. Two types of epoxy adhesives are adopted to obtain both strong and weak interface adhesions. A finite element model with cohesive zone elements is used to identify the interfacial parameters and simulate the peel test process. By simulating and recording normal stress near the crack tip, the separation strength is obtained. Furthermore, the cohesive energy is identified by comparing the simulated steady-state peel force and the experimental result. It is found from the research that both the cohesive energy and the separation strength can be taken as the intrinsic interfacial parameters which are dependent on the thickness of the adhesive layer and independent of the film thickness and peel angle.

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La presente investigación se realizó en los años 2002-2003 en el barrio El Rodeo, Distrito VI del Municipio de Managua, capital de Nicaragua, con el propósito de generar un sistema de indicadores socio ambientales de Presión, Estado y Respuesta, y aplicarlos para conocer la situación socio ambiental del área en estudio. La investigación de tipo exploratoria y descriptiva tipo analítica y tipo documental (bibliográfica y hemerográfica), fue desarrollada a través de las etapas siguientes: a) Definición del modelo de referencia (establecimiento de categorías en las que son agrupados los indicadores), b) Elaboración de una propuesta básica de indicadores, c) Validación por juicio de expertos, d) Confección del Sistema de Indicadores para el barrio El Rodeo. Por medio de este proceso secuencial, fue generado un Sistema de Indicadores Socio-ambientales de Presión, Estado y Respuesta, el cual fue validado mediante la medición de los indicadores en el sitio de estudio. Este sistema es un instrumento fundamental para la planificación estratégica de las políticas ambientales por desarrollarse en el barrio El Rodeo, tanto para el diseño de las mismas, como para su evaluación.

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El estudio fue desarrollado en el año 2003 para definir los lineamientos para un Programa de Educación Ambiental No Formal, los cuales serán desarrollados con base en las características socio-educativas de las comunidades y en los conflictos ambientales del Barrio El Rodeo, Distrito VI, Managua. Los problemas socio-ambientales existentes en el barrio El Rodeo están relacionados con: tasa alta de desempleo, ingreso familiar promedio bajo, afecciones por enfermedades del sistema respiratorio, acceso limitado de agua potable en los negocios que preparan y comercializan alimentos, inexistencia de sistema de alcantarillado sanitario, calles sin pavimentar, contaminación del aire por emisiones vehiculares, contaminación del agua por vertidos industriales y contaminación por desechos sólidos. Aunque esta situación es evidente y conocida por la sociedad civil y los decisores políticos, se han realizado muy pocas acciones de gestión ambiental para atenderla. La propuesta de lineamientos para un Programa de Educación Ambiental No Formal está dirigida a contribuir a la solución de los conflictos ambientales del barrio El Rodeo. Su implementación contribuiría a la protección y conservación ambiental, con el fin de generar beneficios a las personas que habitan este barrio urbano-marginal de Managua.

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Resumen: Abordamos en este trabajo algunas cuestiones referentes al problema sucesorio durante el reinado de Alfonso VI, y en concreto a la grave crisis planteada en 1103, cuando el rey, que carecía de descendencia masculina legítima, optó por su único hijo varón, habido de la princesa musulmana Zaida, como heredero. Entonces se vieron truncadas las expectativas de Raimundo de Borgoña, casado con la primogénita legítima del monarca, y, aunque en menor medida, las de Enrique de Borgoña, esposo de doña Teresa, otra hija del rey, así como en cierto modo las del abad Hugo de Cluny. Una particular atención hemos dedicado al análisis de la actitud de la alta nobleza en relación con tan conflictivo asunto, y en este sentido, creemos haber demostrado que Pedro Ansúrez encabezó al sector nobiliario contrario a las previsiones sucesorias de Alfonso VI.

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The tensile behaviors of a hard chromium coating plated on a steel substrate with periodic laser pre-quenched regions have been investigated by experimental and theoretic analysis. In the experiment, three specimens are adopted to study the differences between homogeneous and periodic inhomogeneous substrates as well as between periodic inhomogeneous substrate of relatively softer and stiffer materials. The unique characteristics have been observed in the specimen of periodic inhomogeneous substrate under quasi-static tension loading. With the periodic laser pre-quenched regions being treated as periodic subsurface inclusions (PSI), the unique stress/strain pattern of the specimen is obtained by analytical modeling and FEM analysis, and the mechanisms accounting for the experimental results is preliminarily illustrated.

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Contenido: Del autonomismo trascendental al amoralismo actual / La Dirección – Nuevo espiritualismo y metafísica clásica / Humberto A. Padovani – Primera determinación del concepto de bien común en el pensamiento político de Santo Tomás / Benito Raffo Magnasco – Aproximación a la muerte : ensayo de una fenomenología de la muerte / José Rubén Sanabria – Notas y comentarios – Bibliografía

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In the present paper, the hardness and Young's modulus of film-substrate systems are determined by means of nanoindentation experiments and modified models. Aluminum film and two kinds of substrates; i.e. glass and silicon, are studied. Nanoindentation XP II and continuous stiffness mode are used during the experiments. In order to avoid the influence of the Oliver and Pharr method used in the experiments, the experiment data are analyzed with the constant Young's modulus assumption and the equal hardness assumption. The volume fraction model (CZ model) proposed by Fabes et al. (1992) is used and modified to analyze the measured hardness. The method proposed by Doerner and Nix (DN formula) (1986) is modified to analyze the measured Young's modulus. Two kinds of modified empirical formula are used to predict the present experiment results and those in the literature, which include the results of two kinds of systems, i.e., a soft film on a hard substrate and a hard film on a soft substrate. In the modified CZ model, the indentation influence angle, phi, is considered as a relevant physical parameter, which embodies the effects of the indenter tip radius, pile-up or sink-in phenomena and deformation of film and substrate.

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The interface of a laser-discrete-quenched steel substrate and as-deposited chromium electroplate was investigated by ion beam etching, dissolving-substrate-away and using a Vickers microhardness tester, in an attempt to reveal the mechanism that the service life of the chromium-coated parts is increased by the duplex technique of laser pre-quenching plus chromium post-depositing. The laser quenching of the steel substrate can reduce the steep hardness gradient at the substrate/chromium interface and improve the load-bearing capacity of chromium electroplate. Moreover, the laser quenching prior to plating has an extremely great effect on the morphologies and microstructure of the substrate/chromium interface: there is a transient interlayer at the original substrate/chromium interface while there is not at the laser-quenchedzone/chromium interface; the near-substrate surface microstructure and morphologies of the free-standing chromium electrodeposits, whose substrate was dissolved away with nital 30% in volume, inherit the periodically gradient characteristics of the laser-discrete-quenched substrate surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The effect of substrate laser-discrete quenching on the degradation failure of chromium-plated gun barrels was metallurgically investigated. The results show that substrate laser-discrete quenching changes the failure patterns of chromium coatings during firing, and some periodic through-thickness cracks in the fired chromium coatings are justly located at original substrate zones between two adjacent laser-quenched tracks. Moreover, chromium coatings and the laser-quenched zones on the substrate are simultaneously degraded in microstructure and property during firing. Furthermore, the periodic structure of the laser-discrete-quenched steel (LDQS) substrate near the breech remains after firing, and the hardness of the fired laser-quenched zones is still higher than that of original substrates. The specific failure features were utilized to illustrate the mechanism of the extended service life of chromium-plated gun barrels with the LDQS substrate. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

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Peel test measurements have been performed to estimate both the interface toughness and the separation strength between copper thin film and Al2O3 substrate with film thicknesses ranging between 1 and 15 mu m. An inverse analysis based on the artificial neural network method is adopted to determine the interface parameters. The interface parameters are characterized by the cohesive zone (CZ) model. The results of finite element simulations based on the strain gradient plasticity theory are used to train the artificial neural network. Using both the trained neural network and the experimental measurements for one test result, both the interface toughness and the separation strength are determined. Finally, the finite element predictions adopting the determined interface parameters are performed for the other film thickness cases, and are in agreement with the experimental results.