Trichostome ciliates from Australian marsupials. I. Bandia gen nov (Litostomatea : Amylovoracidae)

A new genus of amylovoracid ciliates, Bandia gen.nov., is described. They are endosymbiotic/endocommensal in the stomachs of macropodid marsupials. Six new species, B. beveridgei, B. equimontanensis, B. tammar, B. deveneyi, B. cribbi and B. smalesae, are described from Setonix brachyurus, Petrogale assimilis, Macropus eugenii, M. robustus, M. parryi and M. agilis respectively. The gross morphology of Bandia is similar to that of Bitricha, with holotrichous somatic ciliation in two fields, longitudinal dorsal and oblique ventral. The somatic kineties are arranged in groups between non-ciliated. major interkinetal ridges; the groups of kineties thus give the cell a banded appearance. Several species are bimorphic, one form holotrichous and the other with a glabrous right body groove which appears to be derived from an ingrowth of one of the major interkinetal ridges. The groove may function in attachment either in sequestration or conjugation. The ultrastructure of the somatic kineties and the oral structures is similar to that of Amylovorax. Bandia also has unique ultrastructural features associated with the major interkinetal ridges, right body groove and a karyophore. Morphological evolution within the Amylovoracidae may have proceeded from simple forms such as Amylovorax via a process of cellular torsion and/or oral migration to forms similar to Bitricha and by further torsion and cellular elaboration to Bandia.

Visual Biology of Hawaiian Coral Reef Fishes. I. Ocular Transmission and Visual Pigments

The visual biology of Hawaiian reef fishes was explored by examining their eyes for spectral sensitivity of their visual pigments and for transmission of light through the ocular media to the retina. The spectral absorption curves for the visual pigments of 38 species of Hawaiian fish were recorded using microspectrophotometry. The peak absorption wavelength (lambda(max)) of the rods varied from 477-502 nm and the lambda(max) of individual species conformed closely to values for the same species previously reported using a whole retina extraction procedure. The visual pigments of single cone photoreceptors were categorized, dependent on their lambda(max)-values, as ultraviolet (347-376 nm), violet (398-431 nm) or blue (439-498 nm) sensitive cones. Eight species possessed ultraviolet-sensitive cones and 14 species violet-sensitive cones. Thus, 47% of the species examined displayed photosensitivity to the short-wavelength region of the spectrum. Both identical and nonidentical paired and double cones were found with blue sensitivity or green absorption peaks (> 500 nm). Spectrophotometry of the lens, cornea, and humors for 195 species from 49 families found that the spectral composition of the light transmitted to the retina was most often limited by the lens (73% of species examined). Except for two unusual species with humor-limited eyes, Acanthocybium solandri (Scombridae) and the priacanthid fish, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, the remainder had corneal-limited eyes. The wavelength at which 50% of the light was blocked (T50) was classified according to a system modified from Douglas and McGuigan (1989) as Type I, T50 < = 355 nm, (32 species); Type IIa, 355 < T50 < = 380 nm (30 species); Type IIb, 380 < T50 405 nm (84 species). Possession of UV-transmitting ocular media follows both taxonomic and functional lines and, if the ecology of the species is considered, is correlated with the short-wavelength visual pigments found in the species. Three types of short-wavelength vision in fishes are hypothesized: UV-sensitive, UV-specialized, and violet-specialized. UV-sensitive eyes lack UV blockers (Type I and IIa) and can sense UV light with the secondary absorption peak or beta peak of their longer wavelength visual pigments but do not possess specialized UV receptor cells and, therefore, probably lack UV hue discrimination. UV-specialized eyes allow transmission of UV light to the retina (Type I and IIa) and also possess UV-sensitive cone receptors with peak absorption between 300 and 400 nm. Given the appropriate perceptual mechanisms, these species could possess true UV-color vision and hue discrimination. Violet-specialized eyes extend into Type IIb eyes and possess violet-sensitive cone cells. UV-sensitive eyes are found throughout the fishes from at least two species of sharks to modern bony fishes. Eyes with specialized short-wavelength sensitivity are common in tropical reef fishes and must be taken into consideration when performing research involving the visual perception systems of these fishes. Because most glass and plastics are UV-opaque, great care must be taken to ensure that aquarium dividers, specimen holding containers, etc., are UV-transparent or at least to report the types of materials in use.

Making distance learning E.R.O.T.I.C.: Applying interpretation principles to distance learning

Distance learners are self-directed learners traditionally taught via study books, collections of readings, and exercises to test understanding of learning packages. Despite advances in e-Learning environments and computer-based teaching interfaces, distance learners still lack opportunities to participate in exercises and debates available to classroom learners, particularly through non-text based learning techniques. Effective distance teaching requires flexible learning opportunities. Using arguments developed in interpretation literature, we argue that effective distance learning must also be Entertaining, Relevant, Organised, Thematic, Involving and Creative—E.R.O.T.I.C. (after Ham, 1992). We discuss an experiment undertaken with distance learners at The University of Queensland Gatton Campus, where we initiated an E.R.O.T.I.C. external teaching package aimed at engaging distance learners but using multimedia, including but not limited to text-based learning tools. Student responses to non-text media were positive.

Comparative study of the radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropylvinyl ether) and polypropylene substrates. I: Kinetics and structural investigation

A comparative study has been made of the radiation grafting of styrene onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether) (PFA) and polypropylene (PP) substrates, using the simultaneous irradiation method. Effects of grafting conditions such as monomer concentrations, type of solvent, dose rate and irradiation dose on the grafting yield were investigated. Under the same grafting conditions it was found that a higher degree of grafting of styrene was obtained using a mixture of dichloromethane/methanol solvents for PFA and methanol for PP and the degree of grafting was higher in PP than in PFA at all doses. However, the micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis of the graft revealed that, for the same degree of grafting, the penetration depth of the grafted polystyrene into the substrate was higher in PFA than in PP substrates. In both polymers the crystallinity was hardly affected by the grafting process and the degree of crystallinity decreased slightly with grafting dose. The dependence of the initial rate of grafting on the dose rate and the monomer concentration was found to be 0.6 and 1.4 order for PFA and 0.15 and 2.2 for PP, respectively. The degree of grafting increased with increasing radiation dose in both polymers. However, the grafting yield decreased with an increase in the dose rate. The increase in the overall grafting yield for PFA and PP was accompanied by a proportional increase in the penetration depth of the graft into the substrates. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry.

Low temperature induced spikelet sterility in rice. I. Nitrogen fertilisation and sensitive reproductive period

Low temperature during panicle development in rice increases spikelet sterility. This effect is exacerbated by high rates of nitrogen (N) application in the field. Spikelet sterility induced by low temperature and N fertilisation was examined in glasshouse experiments to clarify the mechanisms involved. In two glasshouse experiments, 12-h periods of low (18/13degreesC) and high (28/23degreesC) day/night temperatures were imposed over periods of 5-7 days during panicle development, to determine the effects of low temperature and N fertilisation on spikelet sterility. In one experiment, 50% sunlight was imposed together with low temperature to investigate the additive effects of reduced solar radiation and low temperature. The effect of increased tillering due to N fertilisation was examined by a tiller removal treatment in the same experiment. Pollen grain number and spikelet sterility were recorded at heading and harvest, respectively. Although there was no significant effect of low temperature on spikelet sterility in the absence of applied N, low temperature greatly increased spikelet sterility as a result of a reduction in the number of engorged pollen grains per anther in the presence of applied N. Spikelet sterility was strongly correlated with the number of engorged pollen grains per anther. Low temperature during very early ( late stage of spikelet differentiation-pollen mother cell stage) and peak ( second meiotic division stage-early stage of extine formation) microspore development caused a severe reduction in engorged pollen production mainly as a result of reduced total pollen production. Unlike low temperature, the effect of shading was rather small. The increased tillering due to application of high rates of N, increased both spikelet number per plant and spikelet sterility under low temperature conditions. The removal of tillers as they appeared reduced the number of total spikelets per plant and maintained a large number of engorged pollen grains per anther which, in turn, reduced spikelet sterility. The number of engorged pollen grains per anther determined the numbers of intercepted and germinated pollen grains on the stigma. It is concluded that N increased tillering and spikelet number per plant and this, in turn, reduced the number of engorged pollen grains per anther, leading into increased spikelet sterility under low temperature condition.

A trag??dia da regi??o serrana do Rio de Janeiro em 2011: procurando respostas

O estudo de caso trata do desastre natural ocorrido na regi??o serrana do Rio de Janeiro nos dias 11 e 12 de janeiro de 2011, considerado a maior cat??strofe clim??tica e geot??cnica do pa??s, causado por fortes chuvas que provocaram enchentes e deslizamentos em sete munic??pios. O caso tem por finalidade despertar a discuss??o sobre as vari??veis e atores que influenciaram o processo de gest??o da crise, contextualizando o desastre no cen??rio da regi??o e reconstituindo, especialmente, o processo de resposta imediata dada ?? trag??dia pelos ??rg??os envolvidos. O estudo pode ser utilizado em cursos que abordem, entre outros, os seguintes t??picos: gest??o de crise e gest??o de riscos, negocia????o, comunica????o e planejamento estrat??gico

Teleassist??ncia em rede para regi??es remotas: melhorando o acesso da popula????o ?? aten????o especializada em sa??de

A iniciativa, implementada em Minas Gerais, ?? considerada uma das maiores experi??ncias de teleassist??ncia sustent??vel no mundo, servindo de modelo para outras a????es similares no Brasil e na Am??rica Latina. Sua cria????o representa uma nova atividade econ??mica, gerando um novo campo de trabalho e uma nova ??rea de pesquisa, tanto na sa??de quanto na ??rea de TI. Os resultados alcan??ados impactaram positivamente a melhoria do acesso da popula????o a servi??os especializados e a fixa????o de profissionais em localidades remotas

Pintura de guerra I: tomada de decis??o individual e organizacional

Maria Cec??lia, divorciada e com dois filhos, ?? servidora p??blica h?? vinte anos e h?? seis trabalha como coordenadora em um projeto da Secretaria de Educa????o do seu Estado. Com a proposta de se transformar em uma pol??tica p??blica e com um or??amento significativo, o projeto passa por um momento de crise, pois os resultados est??o abaixo do esperado. Maria Cec??lia e outros membros da equipe entram em conflito e divergem quanto aos ajustes que devem ser feitos no plano de trabalho. Nesse contexto, todos, incluindo Maria Cec??lia, encontram-se em um momento de tomada de decis??o

Planejamento em sa??de: m??dulo I

Texto elaborado para apoiar as atividades did??ticas do M??dulo I do curso de qualifica????o de cerca de quarenta t??cnicos do Minist??rio da Sa??de (MS) na utiliza????o do enfoque participativo do Planejamento Estrat??gico-Situacional (PES), de Carlos Matus, realizado presencialmente na Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (ENAP), em Bras??lia

Sistemas de protocolo postal da Justi??a do Trabalho 3?? Regi??o

Os advogados/usu??rios da Justi??a do Trabalho em Minas Gerais dispunham de 114 Varas do Trabalho para protocoliza????o de peti????es trabalhistas. Necessitavam se deslocar para as cidades das Varas do Trabalho para efetuarem a protocoliza????o. Tal situa????o em muitas ocasi??es gerava gastos com viagens, di??rias, hospedagens al??m da perda de tempo na locomo????o. A Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Tel??grafos em Minas Gerais, no atendimento comercial ao cliente Tribunal Regional do Trabalho 3?? Regi??o, identificou junto ?? equipe da Diretoria Geral Judici??ria a necessidade de amplia????o dos pontos de atendimento para os advogados/usu??rios agilizarem a remessa das peti????es trabalhistas aos seus destinos

Planejamento em sa??de: m??dulo I I

Texto elaborado para apoiar as atividades did??ticas do M??dulo II do curso de qualifica????o de cerca de quarenta t??cnicos do Minist??rio da Sa??de (MS) na utiliza????o do enfoque participativo do Planejamento Estrat??gico-Situacional (PES), de Carlos Matus, realizado presencialmente na Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (ENAP), em Bras??lia

M??dulo I - introdu????o: curso or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

Relat??rio final do projeto desenvolvimento de capacidade de lideran??a (Brasil-Canad??)

Desde o in??cio de 2000, a Canada School of Public Service (CSPS) e a Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (ENAP) demonstraram interesse na possibilidade de coopera????o para desenvolver capacidades de gest??o de servidores p??blicos brasileiros. Um acordo assinado em 2003, inicialmente foi planejado para ser uma parceria de tr??s anos entre as duas escolas. No entanto, a parceria continua at?? hoje e agora estamos no final do segundo, e ??ltimo projeto de coopera????o t??cnica financiado pela Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) entre Brasil e Canad??, denominado ???Desenvolvimento da Capacidade de Governan??a???. Este relat??rio representa o resultado deste segundo projeto, o qual ampliou o esfor??o de capacita????o da primeira parceria, focando agora em funcion??rios p??blicos mais pr??ximos da "linha de frente" da presta????o de servi??os, aumentando assim a efic??cia do governo nessas ??reas. O projeto mostrou ser bem-sucedido, principalmente, porque seguiu de perto os princ??pios do desenvolvimento eficaz e sustent??vel. Considerando a sua miss??o de desenvolver compet??ncias de servidores p??blicos, a ENAP deu prioridade, dentro deste projeto de coopera????o com o Canad??, a atividades que visam refor??ar a capacidade de governan??a do pa??s, trabalhando em conjunto com escolas em cinco regi??es: Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul, com especial ??nfase nas ??reas mais pobres do pa??s, localizadas nas regi??es Norte e Nordeste. Foram participantes-chave neste projeto: i) seis escolas brasileiras regionais de administra????o p??blica; ii) uma das principais institui????es acad??micas do Canad?? - Queen's University, e iii) o Minist??rio do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate ?? Fome e tr??s Secretarias de Ra??a, Direitos Humanos e Pol??ticas para as Mulheres. Neste projeto, a CSPS compartilhou suas metodologias em educa????o a dist??ncia, lideran??a e gest??o p??blica. Trabalhando com parceiros brasileiros, ela tamb??m transferiu e adaptou curr??culos e conte??dos de seus cursos. A CIDA forneceu $1.845.000,00 por meio da Programa de Interc??mbio de Conhecimentos para a Promo????o da Eq??idade (PIPE) Brasil-Canad??. A ENAP e as EPBs contribu??ram com $993,752 e a CSPS contribuiu com material de curso, conhecimento e apoio t??cnico no valor de $ 1.000.000

I concurso de monografias sobre servi??o p??blico

Os temas abrangidos no Concurso dizem respeito ao Servi??o P??blico, e neles estando contidos quaisquer assuntos de interesse para a Administra????o P??blica e para o Servidor P??blico