月湖近代生物硅沉积测定与营养演化的动态过程

在综合了国内外实验方法基础上,完善了湖泊沉积生物硅实验室测定方法。利用此方法,首次对一富营养化小型浅水湖泊——武汉市汉阳区月湖进行了2个柱状沉积物的生物硅含量测试。结果表明,生物硅可以反映月湖的营养演化的动态过程,130a前,湖泊受到的环境压力为轻;20世纪初期,月湖生物硅沉积缓慢上升,为水体富营养化开始发生时间;20世纪30年代至50年代,月湖已成为一富营养化湖泊;20世纪60年代至80年代,月湖水质持续恶化;20世纪80年代至月湖清淤前这段时期入湖污水增多,这加速了生物硅的沉积,正是这段时期使月湖最终

微囊藻毒素-RR对烟草细胞活力及营养生理的影响

采用0.1,1.0,10.0μg/mL的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)处理烟草BY-2悬浮细胞,测定了细胞活力、细胞内蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、硝态氮含量及总磷含量,并且检测了酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活力变化情况.结果表明,中、高浓度毒素处理细胞2d后,细胞活力及蛋白质含量与对照相比均显著下降.高浓度MC-RR处理降低了胞内可溶性糖的含量,暴露2d后仅为对照的45.57%;低浓度MC-RR处理在后期增加了胞内可溶性糖含量.高浓度毒素处理细胞4d后,细胞内硝态氮含量显著低于对照;中、低浓度毒素处理细胞7d后降

铜鱼寄生三代虫一新种的记述

本文报道我国长江中游铜鱼鳃部寄生的三代虫一新种,即:铜鱼三代虫(新种)Gyrodactylus coreiusisp.nov.,新种的形态特征及其与相近种之间的差别在文中进行了描述和比较。

鳜鱼病毒结构特征与形态发生

从患流行病的鳜鱼脾脏组织超微切片中观察到大量的病毒颗粒。该完整病毒颗粒直径约 135nm± 10 ,具包膜。成熟病毒核壳体约 90nm± 5 ,包膜厚度约 18nm± 3,核壳体与包膜间的非电子致密区约有 2 7nm± 2。通过对不同发病阶段发病鳜鱼脾脏组织切片的电镜观察 ,在感染初期的鳜鱼脾脏组织观察到病毒的吸附及典型的内吞入侵方式 ,在感染中后期的脾脏组织细胞质内观察到病毒发生基质及病毒核壳、包膜形成与病毒的释放。此外 ,在染病鳜鱼的肾、心、肝、及鳃组织亦观察到相同结构的病毒粒子。回接实验证实该病毒为

鳖、蛙及鲢免疫组织中两种不同淋巴细胞的分布

国家“淡水生态和生物技术”重点实验室;湖北省自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金

鳜消化器官的组织学观察

“八五”国家科技攻关项目85-908-01-03-02

三种有机磷萃取剂对水生生物的毒性效应

通过３种有机磷萃取剂：甲基磷酸二仲辛酯（Ｐ３５０）、异辛基磷酸单异辛酯（Ｐ５０７）和磷酸二异辛酸（Ｐ２０４）对不同营养级水平的单种生物：藻类（斜生棚藻）、草履虫（尾草履虫）、类（大型）、鱼类（鱼苗）的毒性试验，结果表明：３种有机磷萃取剂的毒性效应浓度（半致死浓度或半抑制浓度）为Ｐ３５０：０．４０～９．３０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ５０７：２３．３２～１１２．００ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ２０４：５９．５０～１３８．００ｍｇ／Ｌ；毒性强弱的顺序为Ｐ３５０＞Ｐ５０７＞Ｐ２０４；建议把Ｐ３５０、Ｐ５０７、Ｐ２０４在水体中的安全浓度暂分别定

钩虾体内寄生棘头虫幼虫在中国的首次报道

钩虾体内寄生棘头虫幼虫在中国的首次报道聂品（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２）ＴＨＥＦＩＲＳＴＦＩＮＤＩＮＧＯＦＣＹＳＴＡＣＡＮＴＨＳＯＦＡＮＡＣＡＮＴＨＯＣＥＰＨＡＬＡＮＩＮＧＡＭＭＡＲＵＳＳＰ．ＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＮｉｃＰｉｎ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔ...

Variables affecting melanoidins removal from molasses wastewater by coagulation/flocculation

Coagulation/flocculation process was applied in the polishing treatment of molasses wastewater on a bench-scale. Important operating variables, including coagulant type and dosage, solution pH, rapid mixing conditions as well as the type and dosage of polyeletrolytes were investigated based on the maximum removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color, residual turbidity and settling characteristics of flocs. HPSEC was utilized to evaluate the removal of molecular weight fractions of melanoidins-dominated organic compounds. Experimental results indicate that ferric chloride was the most effective among the conventional coagulants, achieving 89% COD and 98% color eliminations; while aluminum sulfate was the least effective, giving COD and color reductions of 66% and 86%, respectively. In addition to metal cations, counter-ions exert significant influence on the coagulation performance since Cl--based metal salts attained better removal efficiency than SO42--based ones at the optimal coagulant dosages. Coagulation of molasses effluent is a highly pH-dependent process, with better removal efficiency achieved at lower pH levels. Rapid mixing intensity, rather than rapid mixing time, has relatively strong influence on the settling characteristics of flocs formed. Lowering mixing intensity resulted in increasing settling rate but the accumulation of floating flocs. When used as coagulant aids, synthetic polyelectrolytes showed little effects on the improvement in organic removal. On the other hand, cationic polyacrylamide was observed to substantially enhance the settleability of flocs as compared to anionic polyacrylamide. The effects of rapid mixing conditions and polymer flocculants on the coagulation performance were discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultraviolet-B exposure induces photo-oxidative damage and subsequent repair strategies in a desert cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus Gom.

Biological soil crusts are important in reversing desertification. Ultraviolet radiation, however, may be detrimental for the development of soil crusts. The cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus can be a dominant species occurring in desert soil crusts all over the world. To investigate the physico-chemical consequences of ultraviolet-B radiation on M. vaginatus, eight parameters including the contents of chlorophyll a, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and proline, as well as the activities of photosynthesis, superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxiclase (EC 1.11.1.7) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) were determined. As shown by the results of determinations, ultraviolet-B radiation caused decreases both in contents of chlorophyll a and in ratios of variable fluorescence over maximum fluorescence that indicate the growth and photosynthesis of M. vaginatus, besides, increases both in levels of reactive oxygen species and in contents of malondialdehyde and proline, while intensified activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxiclase and catalase reflecting the abilities of enzymatic preventive substances to oxidative stress of the treated cells. Therefore, ultraviolet-B radiation affects the growth of M. vaginatus and leads to oxidative stress in cells. Under ultraviolet-B radiation, the treated cells can improve their antioxidant abilities to alleviate oxidative injury. The change trends of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, peroxiclase and catalase are synchronous. These results suggest that a balance between the antioxidant system and the reactive oxygen species content may be one part of a complex stress response pathway in which multiple environmental factors including ultraviolet-B radiation affect the Survival of M. vaginatus. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Changes in biomechanical properties of the coronary artery wall contribute to maintained contractile responses to endothelin-1 in atherosclerosis.

AIMS: Our aim was to determine whether alterations in biomechanical properties of human diseased compared to normal coronary artery contribute to changes in artery responsiveness to endothelin-1 in atherosclerosis. MAIN METHODS: Concentration-response curves were constructed to endothelin-1 in normal and diseased coronary artery. The passive mechanical properties of arteries were determined using tensile ring tests from which finite element models of passive mechanical properties of both groups were created. Finite element modelling of artery endothelin-1 responses was then performed. KEY FINDINGS: Maximum responses to endothelin-1 were significantly attenuated in diseased (27±3 mN, n=55) compared to normal (38±2 mN, n=68) artery, although this remained over 70% of control. There was no difference in potency (pD2 control=8.03±0.06; pD2 diseased=7.98±0.06). Finite element modelling of tensile ring tests resulted in hyperelastic shear modulus μ=2004±410 Pa and hardening exponent α=22.8±2.2 for normal wall and μ=2464±1075 Pa and α=38.3±6.7 for plaque tissue and distensibility of diseased vessels was decreased. Finite element modelling of active properties of both groups resulted in higher muscle contractile strain (represented by thermal reactivity) of the atherosclerotic artery model than the normal artery model. The models suggest that a change in muscle response to endothelin-1 occurs in atherosclerotic artery to increase its distensibility towards that seen in normal artery. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that an adaptation occurs in medial smooth muscle of atherosclerotic coronary artery to maintain distensibility of the vessel wall in the presence of endothelin-1. This may contribute to the vasospastic effect of locally increased endothelin-1 production that is reported in this condition.

Thermal effects investigation and cavity design in passively mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser with a SESAM

A diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd YVO4 laser with a five-mirror folded cavity is presented by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). The temperature distribution and thermal lensing in laser medium are numerically analyzed to design a special cavity which can keep the power density on SESAM under its damage threshold. Both the Q-switched and continuous-wave mode-locked operation are experimentally realized. The maximum average output power of 8.94 W with a 9.3 ps pulse width at a repetition rate of 111 MHz is obtained under a pump power of 24 W, correspondingly the optical slope efficiency is 39.2%. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1-mm gate periphery AlGaN/AIN/GaN HEMTs on SiC with output power of 9.39 W at 8 GHz

AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with high mobility GaN channel layer were grown on 50 min diameter semi-insulating (SI) 6H-SiC substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and large periphery HEMT devices were fabricated and characterized. High two-dimensional electron gas mobility of 2215 cm(2)/V s at room temperature with sheet electron concentration of 1.044 x 10(13)/cm(2) was achieved. The 50 mm diameter HEMT wafer exhibited a low average sheet resistance of 251.0 Omega/square, with the resistance uniformity of 2.02%. Atomic force microscopy measurements revealed a smooth AlGaN surface with a root-mean-square roughness of 0.27 nm for a scan area of 5 mu mi x 5 pm. The 1-mm gate width devices fabricated using the materials demonstrated a very high continuous wave output power of 9.39 W at 8 GHz, with a power added efficiency of 46.2% and power gain of 7.54 dB. A maximum drain current density of 1300 mA/mm, an extrinsic transconductance of 382 mS/mm, a current gain cutoff frequency of 31 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation 60 GHz were also achieved in the same devices. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Controllable growth of semiconductor nanometer structures

Self-assembled quantum dots and wires were obtained in the InxGa1-xAs/GaAs and InAs/In0.52Al0.48As/InP systems, respectively, using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Uniformity in the distribution, density, and spatial ordering of the nanostructures can be controlled to some extent by adjusting and optimizing the MBE growth parameters. In addition, some interesting observation on the InAs wire alignment on InP(001) is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Integrated Solution for Software Process Improvement

Since 1990s, the software industry in China has been developed very rapidly and the total revenue in recent three years of 2005, 2006 and 2007 were 390.0, 480.0, and 583.4 billions RMB respectively, increased by 28.3% annually on an average basis [1]. By the end of 2007, there were about 18,000 software enterprises in China, and the population of software professionals was 1.48 millions roughly. In the global software market, China, with annual revenue about 82.2 billions USD (8.74% of the total: 940 billions USD), currently ranks on the fourth after USA, EU and Japan. However, the software industry in China is still comparatively weak. Most software enterprises have only tens of employees and millions RBM of revenue. And the software development productivity in China varies highly across the software industry in terms of organization, development type, business area, region, language, project size and team size [2]. Co-operative efforts from the government, the industry and the academy are needed [3]. Continuous software process improvement is an effective way to change the challenging situation of the software industry in China.