Binuclear cyclopalladated compounds with antitubercular activity: synthesis and characterization of [{Pd(C-2,N-dmba)(X)}(2)(mu-bpp)] (X = Cl, Br, NCO, N-3; bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Classification of Aristolochia species based on GC-MS and chemometric analyses of essential oils

Essential oils were obtained from roots of 10 Aristolochia species by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC MS. A total of 75 compounds were identified in the analysed oils. Multivariate analyses of the chemical constituents of the roots enabled classification of the species into four morphological groups. These forms of analysis represent an aid in identification of further specimens belonging to these species. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemometrics in fuel science: demonstration of the feasibility of chemometrics analyses applied to physicochemical parameters to screen solvent tracers in Brazilian commercial gasoline

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Development of a potentiometric flufenamate ISE and its application to pharmaceutical and clinical analyses

The characteristics, performance, and application of an electrode, namely, Pt vertical bar Hg vertical bar Hg-2(FF)(2)vertical bar Graphite, where FF stands for flufenamate ion, are described. This electrode responds to FF with sensitivity of (-58.6 +/- 1.2) mV decade(-1) over the range 1.0 x 10(-6) - 1.0 x 10(-2) mol L-1 at pH 6.0-9.0 and a detection limit of 7.1 x 10(-7) mol L-1. The electrode is easily constructed at a relatively low cost with fast response time (within 10-25 s) and can be used for a period of 5 months without any considerable change in its performance characteristics. The proposed electrode displayed good selectivity for flufenamate in the presence of several substances as well as in the presence of some carboxylate and inorganic anions. The electrode was successfully applied to the determination of flufenamic acid in pharmaceuticals and human serum samples.

(1)H NMR Fingerprinting of Brazilian Commercial Gasoline: Pattern-Recognition Analyses for Origin Authentication Purposes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Yield of four Agaricus bisporus strains in three compost formulations and chemical composition analyses of the mushrooms

Três formulações de composto, à base de palhas de Cynodom dactylon (L.) Pers. (cultivares Coast-cross e Tyfton) e Aveia-Avena sativa, foram testadas no cultivo das linhagens ABI-01/01, ABI-04/02, ABI-05/03 e ABI-06/04 de A. bisporus. O delineamento experimental foi em esquema fatorial, inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos (4 linhagens de A. bisporus x 3 tipos de composto) e 8 repetições. Cada unidade experimental constou de uma caixa com 1212,5 kg de composto fresco úmido. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. de acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a produção de cogumelos foi influenciada pela linhagem e/ou pelo tipo de composto. Também verificou-se que o teor de proteína bruta, cinzas e fibra bruta de basidiomas variou com a linhagem de A. bisporus e com o tipo de palha utilizada na formulação do composto.

Cytogenetic analyses of two Curimatidae species (Pisces; Characiformes) from the Paranapanema and Tietê Rivers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Thermogravimetric investigations during the synthesis of silica-based MCM-41

MCM-41 material was synthesized starting from hydrogel containing colloidal fumed silica, sodium silicate, cetyltetramethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) as surfactant, and distilled water as solvent. These reactants were mixed to obtain a gel with the following composition: 4SiO(2):1Na(2)O:1CTMABr:200H(2)O. The hydrogel with pH=14 was hydrothermally treated at 100 degreesC, for 4 days. Each day, the pH was measured, and then adjusted to 9.5-10 by using 30% acetic acid solution. Thermogravimetry was the main technique, which was used to monitor the participation of the surfactant on the MCM-41 nanophase, being possible to determine the temperature ranges relative to water desorption as well as the surfactant decomposition and silanol condensation.

Analyses of fatigue data in 4340 high strength steel after cadmium electroplating

Bending fatigue tests were carried out to clarify the effects of heat treatment parameters: temperature and time after cadmium electroplating on a high strength steel, to avoid hydrogen embrittlement. Temperatures heat of 190 degrees C, 230 degrees C, 250 degrees C and 300 degrees C at 3, 8 and 24 hours together with the base material electroplated, with and without heat treatment, resulted in 14 conditions studied with respect to fatigue behaviour. Statistical data analysis was performed to identify the best combination temperature/time regarding fatigue strength of the ABNT 4340 steel and the results obtained revealed that the fatigue strength depend on temperature/time conditions.

Microbiological analyses of poultry litter used for ruminant feeding

The aims of this study were to estimate the changes in total bacterial counts (TBC) in poultry litter samples, consisting of rice hulls, after storage, and to identify pathogenic bacteria. For the countings Plate Count agar (Difco) was used. Enrichment and selective media such as blood agar, MacConkey, Baird Parker, brain and heart agar, and egg yolk solid media, and cooked meat and brain and heart infusion, incubated under aerobic or anaerobic conditions were used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, Clostridium perfringens, C. botulinum, C. chauvoei, Campylobacter sp, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium sp. Litter samples were collected from the houses of the Veterinary School experimental aviary. A fully randomized experimental design was used with four treatments and four replications, for a total of 16 samples. A decrease in TBC was detected when treatment T1 (zero days of storage) was compared with treatments T2 (14 days of storage). on the other hand the treatments T3 (28 days of storage) and T4 (42 days of storage) presented significantly superior counting in relation to treatment T1. Some pathogenic bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coil, Proteus, Arizona, Providencia, Edwardsiella, as well as Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, different species of genus Clostridium as C. perfringens, C. sordelli, C. chauvoei, C. tetani and C. novyi as well as some strains of Corynebacterium pyogenes were isolated.

A natural triploid in Trichomycterus davisi (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae): mitotic and meiotic characterization by chromosome banding and synaptonemal complex analyses

Within a total of 50 analyzed specimens a male individual of Trichomycterus davisi has been recorded with 81 chromosomes including 60 metacentric, 18 submetacentric and three subtelocentric chromosomes. When compared with diploid individuals (2n = 54) and the morphological standard of chromosomes, this male is a triploid with 3 = 81 chromosomes. Since staining with silver nitrate indicates three active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), the three NOR- bearing chromosomes in this individual are genetically active. Analysis of the synaptonemal complex (SC) by electronic microscopy shows that there is an incomplete pairing of the third set of chromosomes in the triploid individual.

An investigation of the thermal behavior of heterobimetallic species containing copper(II) and tetracyanopalladate(II)

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of four compounds that have the general formula [Cu{Pd(CN)(4)}(L)(x)](n), in which en = 1,2-diaminoethane and pn = 1,3-diaminopropane (L = en, x = 1 (I); L = pn, x = 1 (II); L = en, x = 2 (III); L = pn, x = 2 (IV)) were described in this work. The complexes were studied by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) and the residues of the thermal decomposition were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and found as a mixture of CuO and PdO. The stoichiometry of the compounds was established via thermogravimetric and elemental analyses and their structures were proposed as coordination polymers based on their infrared spectra. The following thermal stability sequence was found: IV < I=II < III.

Functionalized silica synthesized by sol-gel process

This work considers some aspects of the chemistry involved in the preparation and description of silicon oxide functionalized by sol-gel process. In this work we studied the synthesis and measured the properties of silicon oxide functionalized with 3-chloropropyl, through a sol-gel process. Thermogravimetic analysis, infrared spectra, and elemental analyses were measured. The samples were prepared in the following proportions of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS): 3-chloropropyl trimethoxisilane molar ratio: 1:0, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The thermogravimetric data for the resulting materials established the 'minimum formulae' 2:0, 3:1, 4.1, 7:1 and 11:1, respectively. As expected, the relative amount of water is inversely proportional to the presence of propyl groups. Infrared data show Si-C and -CH2-vibration modes at 1250 to 1280 and 2920 to 2940 cm(-1), respectively. Thermogravimetric data and infrared spectra showed that inorganic polymers contained organic polymers. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.