Angiotomografia com múltiplos detectores no diagnóstico de drenagem venosa pulmonar anômala: experiência inicial

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar que a angiotomografia computadorizada com múltiplos detectores é um método efetivo e não invasivo para o diagnóstico de drenagem venosa pulmonar anômala. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 2.905 angiotomografias computadorizadas com múltiplos detectores cardíacas realizadas em nosso serviço no período de julho de 2003 a novembro de 2007. Destas, 393 foram destinadas para avaliar cardiopatias congênitas e as 2.512 restantes, para analisar as artérias coronárias. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 21 casos de drenagem venosa pulmonar anômala, sendo 7 (33,3%) do tipo total e 14 (66,7%) do tipo parcial. Das drenagens venosas pulmonares anômalas totais, três foram do tipo supracardíaco, três do tipo infracardíaco e uma do tipo cardíaco. CONCLUSÃO: A angiotomografia computadorizada com múltiplos detectores tem demonstrado fundamental importância no diagnóstico destas anomalias, principalmente por se tratar de método não invasivo capaz de analisar estruturas intra e extracardíacas e por permitir um estudo completo da anatomia torácica, contribuindo sobremaneira na conduta cirúrgica e, consequentemente, no prognóstico destes pacientes, especialmente por diagnosticar malformações não suspeitadas clinicamente

Aplicação de algoritmos genéticos na seleção de variáveis em espectroscopia no infravermelho médio: determinação simultânea de glicose, maltose e frutose

Genetic algorithm was used for variable selection in simultaneous determination of mixtures of glucose, maltose and fructose by mid infrared spectroscopy. Different models, using partial least squares (PLS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) with and without data pre-processing, were used. Based on the results obtained, it was verified that a simpler model (multiple linear regression with variable selection by genetic algorithm) produces results comparable to more complex methods (partial least squares). The relative errors obtained for the best model was around 3% for the sugar determination, which is acceptable for this kind of determination.

Técnica para seleção de variáveis aplicada à separação de gases

This paper describes an experimental design technique, known as variables search, developed to expose the critical variables and screen out the irrelevant ones. It is easy to learn and use and clearly dissociates the main and interactions effects from each other. An example of air separation process by pressure swing adsorption was used to demonstrate how the variables search technique works. The phases of identification of the critical variables is shown, step by step,.

Seleção de variáveis em QSAR

The process of building mathematical models in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies is generally limited by the size of the dataset used to select variables from. For huge datasets, the task of selecting a given number of variables that produces the best linear model can be enormous, if not unfeasible. In this case, some methods can be used to separate good parameter combinations from the bad ones. In this paper three methodologies are analyzed: systematic search, genetic algorithm and chemometric methods. These methods have been exposed and discussed through practical examples.

Seleção de plantas com atividade anticolinasterase para tratamento da doença de Alzheimer

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognite impairment and personality changes. The development of drugs for the treatment of the cognitive deficits of AD has focused on agents which counteract loss in cholinergic activities. These symptons of AD have been successfully treated with acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors (eg. galanthamine). There still is great interest in finding better AchE inhibitors. We use Ellmann's microplate assay and silica gel thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to screen natural products from plants as new sources of AchE inhibitors.

As percepções dos professores de química geral sobre a seleção e a organização conceitual em sua disciplina

The teaching of general chemistry involves both the choice and the organization of its concepts. Although College Teachers make their choices, frequently the text books play an important role in this selection. In the present project we intend to show what are Teachers' perceptions of conceptual organization and selection as well as their perceptions of how to teach general chemistry. This demonstration is carried out through the use of metaphors from new information technologies.

Síntese de indanos: uma seleção de métodos gerais e eficientes

The indan ring system is present in several compounds with important pharmacological properties. In this account recent examples of selected methods (Friedel-Crafts acylation, cycloaddition reactions, ring contraction, cyclization and resolution) for the synthesis of indans are discussed.

Isolamento e seleção de micro-organismos resistentes e capazes de volatilizar mercúrio

Mercury (Hg) occurs in the environment as a natural and anthropogenic element, and through the years the accumulation of mercury has affected the integrity of ecosystems and human health. This study presents a screening of microorganisms resistant to organic and inorganic mercury, the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of Hg, the estimation of the mercury volatilization by selected microorganisms and the dynamics of volatilization. Eight Gram-negative bacteria resistant to high concentrations of mercury (60 to 210 mg L-1) were selected, and these isolates showed ability to volatilize the metal. The dynamics of the volatilization of the Proteus mirabilis M50C demonstrated that in only 4 h of incubation it was possible to volatilize 72% of the mercury present in the culture. The results showed promising application for bioremediation strategies.

Avaliação dos parâmetros de solubilidade de Hildebrand/Hansen na seleção de solventes para a extração de pesticidas organoclorados do solo

This work evaluated the use of the Hildebrand/Hansen solubility parameters for selection of solvents for extraction of the organochlorine pesticides pp' DDT, pp' DDE, Aldrin and a-Endossulfan from soil using columns packed with Al2O3. The mixtures hexane:dichloromethane (7:3; v/v), hexane:acetonitrile (1:1; v/v), hexane:acetone (1:1; v/v) and pure hexane were chosen as extracting solutions. In the addition and recovery tests, different extraction solutions provided high recoveries percentages (>75%) with coefficients of variation below 15%. The recoveries are in agreement with the Hildebrand/Hansen parameters, demonstrating its applicability in the selection of extracting solution and in the replacement of toxic solvents, as dichloromethane

Análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica de múltiplos pulsos: potencialidades e aplicações

The potentialities and applications of the Multiple Pulse Amperometric detection (MPA) coupled with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) are evaluated. Important aspects as cleaning and activation of electrode surface, indirect and simultaneous analysis of electroactive compounds and the use of the internal standard method for quantifications utilizing FIA-MPA are presented. The main parameters concerning the detection of electroactive analytes by multiple pulse amperometric detection in flowing solutions were also discussed. In addition, aspects such as flow rate, sample volume, application time of the potential pulses and instrumentation necessary for implementing of the method were also addressed.

Determinação de nimesulida por análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica de múltiplos pulsos

A simple and fast method for the determination of nimesulide (NI) using flow injection analysis with multiple-pulse amperometric (FIA-MPA) detection at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was developed. The method was based mainly on the application of a four-potential waveform, E1(det) = -0.8 V / 30 ms, E2(det) = 0.6 V / 30 ms, E3(det) = -0.4 V / 30 ms and E4(cleaning) = -0.45 V / 300 ms versus Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L-1 KCl). NI was detected at three different electrode potentials, at which the nitro group undergoes different redox reactions. The proposed method was selective and sensitive (detection limit of 81.0 nmol L-1), and successfully applied for the determination of NI in pharmaceutical formulations, yielding similar results to those obtained by the reference method.

Seleção de genótipos de soja resistentes a duas estirpes de Soybean mosaic virus

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent virus on soybeans (Glycine max) throughout the world. It causes mottling on seeds and has been associated with yield reduction. Recently, a new strain (SMV 95-1) was found infecting resistant cultivars, causing dwarfing and systemic necrosis. In a screening test carried out with the strains SMV 95-1 and SMV 95-2 on the germplasm collection, several resistant cvs. Embrapa 60, Embrapa 61, Embrapa 62, Embrapa 66 , Embrapa 133, Embrapa 134, Embrapa 135, and Embrapa 136 were identified as resistant to both strains. The resistant genotypes may serve in future soybean breeding programs in Brazil.

Seleção de plantas resistentes e de fungicidas para o controle da podridão do colo do maracujazeiro causada por Nectria haematococca

A podridão do colo do maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa), causada por Nectria haematococca e Phytophthora spp., é um dos principais problemas da cultura no Brasil, sendo responsável pelo decréscimo da produtividade e constantes migrações da cultura. O controle da doença é basicamente preventivo, visando a não introdução dos patógenos na área. O presente trabalho visou 1) avaliar métodos de inoculação de N. haematococca e a suscetibilidade do maracujazeiro amarelo ao patógeno em diferentes idades; 2) a ocorrência de "damping-off"; 3) o comportamento de diferentes espécies do gênero Passiflora e de genótipos de P. edulis f. flavicarpa ao patógeno; e 4) realizar testes de controle químico. Inoculações no colo de maracujazeiro amarelo proporcionaram maiores níveis de doença comparadas às inoculações no sistema radicular. Os resultados sugerem que N. haematococca seja um patógeno que penetra por ferimentos. A mortalidade foi maior quando a inoculação foi realizada em plantas mais jovens e quando N. haematococca e Phytophthora nicotianae estavam associados. Dentre as 17 espécies do gênero Passiflora avaliadas para resistência a N. haematococca, P. nitida, P. laurifolia e P. alata foram as menos lesionadas. Os genótipos de P. edulis f. flavicarpa mais resistentes ao patógeno foram os procedentes de Morretes (PR), Sapucaí (SP) e a cultivar Maguari. Os fungicidas prochloraz, thiabendazole, thiram+thiabendazole, carbendazim, triflumizole e captan exerceram controle erradicante em solo infestado com N. haematococca. Os fungicidas prochloraz e carbendazim evitaram a morte de plantas em tratamento curativo, com os melhores resultados quando aplicados dois dias após a inoculação, comparado a sete dias.