Evaluation of periapical changes following endodontic therapy: digital subtraction technique compared with computerized morphometric analysis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare two methods for the evaluation of periapical lesion changes following endodontic therapy (digital subtraction technique and morphometric analysis) by outlining the radiolucent area.Methods: 13 human anterior teeth with pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesions were used. Periapical radiographs were taken immediately after endodontic therapy (0) and then 2 months, 4 months and 6 months post treatment, using an intraoral radiographic film holder stabilized with impression material. The films were processed in a standard manner and the digitized images were submitted to digital subtraction using Adobe Photoshop 6.0. New bone formation or bone resorption areas were then measured. In the morphometric analysis, the periapical lesions were outlined using VixWin 2000 and the area (in square millimetres) was recorded. The obtained data were submitted to agreement analysis for comparison of the two techniques.Results: There was no correlation between the areas of radiographic changes detected by digital subtraction and periapical lesion outline (r=0.02-0.45). The new bone formation areas observed by digital subtraction presented higher values, with bone changes being especially evident in the 2 month follow-up radiographs, which suggests a higher sensitivity for this method.Conclusions: Both methods are suitable for the evaluation of periapical lesion changes, but the digital subtraction technique is more sensitive for detecting radiographic periapical changes. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2009) 38, 438-444. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/53304677

Periapical radiographs overestimate root canal wall thickness during post space preparation

Aim To evaluate differences between anatomic and radiographic measurements of root canal wall thickness (RCWT) after each root canal preparation stage during post placement.Methodology Twenty mandibular premolars with a single canal were decoronated and the roots embedded in resin using a teflon muffle. Roots were sectioned horizontally at a pre-established level and canals were prepared for post placement. Endodontic hand files were used for root canal preparation, followed by Gates Glidden drills and Peeso reamers. Standardized radiographs and photographs at pre-established measurement levels were taken before preparation, after root canal instrumentation, after Gates Glidden preparation and after Peeso enlargement. All images were digitized and RCWT at the mesial and distal walls measured (IMAGETOOL 3.0). Differences between radiographic and anatomic measurements were analysed with paired t-tests. ANOVA was used to compare the percentages of radiographic distortions.Results Regardless of the time-point evaluated, RCWT determined by radiographs were greater than the respective anatomic measurements (P < 0.05). The difference detected at each stage was similar and constant (P > 0.05).Conclusions Throughout preparation for post placement, radiographic images overestimated the RCWT by approximately 25%, regardless of the clinical stage evaluated.

Root canal treatment of three-rooted maxillary second premolars: Report of four cases

The aim of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the radiographic, clinical and anatomic findings in maxillary second premolars. This paper reports the endodontic treatment of two cases of three-rooted three-canal maxillary second premolars in different patients, and two sound maxillary second premolars also with three canals and three independent roots in a sibling of one of the patients. Although the presence of maxillary second premolars with one or two canals and one root is much more common, other anatomic conditions can be found. A correct clinical and radiographic diagnosis based on knowledge of root canal anatomy and critical interpretation of radiographs is necessary for a safer and successful endodontic treatment of these teeth.

Tests of one Brazilian facial reconstruction method using three soft tissue depth sets and familiar assessors

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Double teeth in primary dentition: Report of two clinical cases

Odontogenic anomalies can occur as a result of conjoining or twinning defects. These include fusion, gemination and concrescence. This article presents two case reports of double teeth. In the first case reported, a 4-year-old white boy presented primary double teeth associated to the absence of the right permanent mandibular lateral incisor. In the second case, a 5-year-old white girl had a family history of anomaly in primary dentition. The girl and her mother presented double teeth in the primary dentition. Her mother showed hypodontia in the permanent dentition. Extra and intra oral clinical examination was made in both cases. Radiographic analyses showed the involvement of the permanent tooth. Authors conclude that double teeth in primary dentition have to be carefully analysed as they may be associated with anomalies in the permanent dentition. Correct diagnosis of the condition implicates in a better prognosis for the patient.

The influence of local administration of simvastatin in calvarial bone healing in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the maxilla of a child: A rare case report

Lymphoblastic lymphoma is a malignant neoplasia that originates from B or T lymphocyte precursors and rarely occurs in the mouth. The authors report a rare case of B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the maxilla of a child. Clinical examination revealed facial asymmetry with a swelling of the right maxilla, covered by healthy mucosa and painful to palpation. Radiographic examination revealed a poorly defined radiolucent lesion. Based on the hypothesis of malignant neoplasia of hematopoietic origin, an incisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed malignant neoplasia with proliferation of monomorphic, lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for leucocyte common antigen (LCA), CD 10, CD20, CD79, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). After the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, the patient underwent chemotherapy, but died of leukoencephalopathy and demyelinization caused by high doses of methotrexate.

Effects of Different Swimming Exercise Intensities on Bone Tissue Composition in Mice: A Raman Spectroscopy Study

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fresh-frozen human bone graft for repair of defect after adenomatoid odontogenic tumour removal

The aim of this paper was report the clinical, radiographic, and histological case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) in adolescent woman as well as present the reconstructive treatment of AOT using fresh-frozen human bone graft with guided bone regeneration. AOT is a benign, noninvasive lesion with slow but progressive growth. Biopsy and microscopic examination confirmed the presence of an AOT. Treatment was conservative and the prognosis was excellent. The patient has been followed-up for without recurrence. The use of fresh-frozen human bone graft can be a safe choice for reconstruction of the bone defects to treat AOT.

Obstrução intestinal e enterotomia em tigre d’água (Trachemys dorbignyi)

Intestinal obstruction occurs in chelonian mainly due parasitism and foreign bodies, as stones and sand. An intestinal compaction was described in a five year-old male d'orbigny's slider which was taken to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UNICASTELO, at Fernandopolis, SP, Brazil, presenting anorexia for a week, severe dehydration and stupor. Definitive diagnostic was performed by radiographic exam and great amount of intestinal radiopac substance was detected. The animal went through emergency celiotomy for removing the intestinal foreign bodies. Inhalatory anesthesia with isofluorane was used for anesthesia induction and manutention. After local antisepsy, a 4cm(2) oblique opening was conducted on plastron by using a vibratory saw. Peritoneum was cut, intestines exteriorized and enterotomy performed. During the surgery, the animal was radiographed to confirm the complete taken out of the foreign bodies. Mononylon 4-0 strand was applied for intestinal suture in two planes. The plastron piece that was taken out was replaced and set with epoxy resine and gaze on the surgical window, making it waterproof. In the postoperative time, animal was medicated with analgesics for two days and pentabiotics for five days. Oral creamy diet was used with oral tube from the second to tenth day, what provided a great clinicosurgical recovering.

Avaliação da simetria da imagem do ramo da mandíbula em radiografias panorâmicas

Os métodos radiográficos panorâmicos apresentam ampliação das imagens de estruturas anatômicas da face, com variação de uma região para outra. Atualmente, este tipo de técnica tem sido utilizado para mensurações verticais, horizontais e angulares. A área e o perímetro da imagem bilateral do ramo da mandíbula foram medidos em radiografias panorâmicas obtidas pelo sistema elipsopantomográfico, de crianças dos dois sexos, com idade cronológica entre 8 e 10 anos. Os desenhos, em papel vegetal, da imagem de cada ramo foram capturados através de scanner e as medidas foram feitas em microcomputador com aplicativo específico. Duas formas de separar a imagem do ramo da mandíbula, bilateralmente, foram propostas: no gônio e através de uma tangente à parte mais profunda da borda anterior da imagem do ramo que tocava a base. Os resultados obtidos permitiram evidenciar que houve simetria entre os lados, expressa pelas medidas de área e perímetro das imagens do ramo da mandíbula.

Prevalência de periodontite agressiva em adolescentes e adultos jovens do Vale do Paraíba

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de periodontite agressiva localizada, periodontite agressiva generalizada e periodontite incipiente em uma população de 15 a 25 anos de idade (19,4 ± 3,44) da região do Vale do Paraíba - SP que procuraram tratamento odontológico clínico geral no Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade de Taubaté, SP. Seiscentos pacientes, 244 do sexo masculino e 356 do sexo feminino, foram incluídos neste estudo. A condição periodontal da população estudada foi determinada em 6 sítios por dente por meio da avaliação das medidas de profundidade à sondagem e nível clínico de inserção, e confirmada por meio de exame radiográfico. Dez indivíduos (1,66%) apresentaram periodontite agressiva localizada, 2 do sexo masculino (18,5 ± 2,12) e 8 do sexo feminino (19,2 ± 3,91), 22 (3,66%) receberam diagnóstico de periodontite agressiva generalizada, sendo 6 do sexo masculino (19,1 ± 3,06) e 16 do sexo feminino (20,1 ± 2,71) e 86 (14,3%) foram diagnosticados com periodontite incipiente, 29 do sexo masculino (20,2 ± 2,87) e 57 do sexo feminino (21,1 ± 2,79). Houve correlação positiva entre sexo feminino e doença periodontal.

Estudo comparativo para avaliação das falhas técnicas em radiografias convencionais de tórax

OBJETIVO: Especificar e quantificar as principais falhas técnicas, sejam elas eletrônicas ou mecânicas, presentes em radiografias convencionais de tórax, com o intuito de melhorar a sua qualidade e reduzir a necessidade da repetição dos exames e, consequentemente, a dose recebida pelo paciente. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas e avaliadas por um pneumologista 897 radiografias convencionais realizadas ou em projeção posteroanterior ou lateral em cinco instituições de saúde da cidade de São Paulo. em cada uma delas foram feitas análises das falhas técnicas presentes, as quais foram classificadas de acordo com o erro técnico radiográfico pré-definido e que levou à repetição do exame. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o posicionamento incorreto do paciente (27%), a subexposição (23%) e a superexposição (15%) foram as principais falhas que contribuíram para a repetição dos exames e que apresentaram, na matriz de coeficiente de correlação Pearson, um erro acima de 0,7%, ocasionando aumento da dose recebida pelos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados observados indicaram a necessidade da realização de controle de qualidade dos aparelhos de raios X, a atenção do operador do equipamento, bem como outras abordagens para esclarecer o impacto da necessidade de repetição do exame.

Angioarquitetura venosa do órgão genital da fêmea bovina

Investigou-se a angioarquitetura venosa da genitália de fêmeas bovinas não prenhes, para avaliar a presença de possíveis anastomoses dos vasos provenientes da região da vulva e da vagina com a veia útero-ovariana, usando-se cinco peças obtidas em abatedouros. No laboratório, um ramo da veia vaginal caudal, infundido com contraste radiográfico intravascular, foi submetido à radiografia. Observou-se que a veia vaginal forma intensa rede de anastomoses na superfície ventral do útero, entre os antímeros direito e esquerdo. As genitálias apresentaram anastomoses dos vasos vulvares e vaginais com vasos da cérvice, corpo e cornos uterinos, sugerindo que parte de um agente luteolítico administrado via intravulvosubmucosa pode ser transportado diretamente aos ovários por uma rota local, sem atingir a circulação sistêmica.

Tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca com benazepril em cães com cardiomiopatia dilatada e endocardiose

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)