Reprodução de Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e Pratylenchus coffeae em Diferentes Cultivares de Bananeira

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, and it is cultivated in many tropical countries. In Brazil, the productivity is low due to several factors such as the incidence of pests and diseases. The nematodes are among the most important problems found in the production of bananas. This research studied the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita race 2, M. javanica and Pratylenchus coffeae in different cultivars of banana. The evaluation of the experiments with Meloidogyne spp. was carried out 120 days after the inoculation. The analyzed parameters were: number of gall, number of the external masses of eggs, number of eggs per gram of root, reproduction factor and number of juveniles in the soil. The evaluation of the experiment with P. coffeae was carried out 90 days after the inoculation; the final population was evaluated. The cultivars PV-0344, Maca, Grande Naine, FHIA 01, Thap Maeo and Prata Ana allowed greater multiplication of P. coffeae than Caipira, SH-3640 and FHIA-18. For M. javanica, the cultivars Calypso, Bucanneer, Grande Naine, PV-0344, Nanicao Magario, FHIA-02, SH-3640, Pacovan, and Prata Ana exhibited larger populations, decreasing in Maca. All cultivars allowed high multiplication rates of M. incognita.

Incorporação de mucuna-preta e de restos culturais de milho antes da cultura do feijão (Phaseolus vugaris L.) de inverno

The experiments were conducted during two years (1990/91 and 1992/93), to study the effects of the incorporation of bengal velvetbean and of residues on the development and yield of the winter bean crops. The trial was developed in experimental field at the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, UNESP, located in Selvíria, MS, Brazil, in dark red latosol covered by savanna vegetation. It was concluded that: the incorporation of residues of corn or corn + bengal velvetbean or only bengal velvetbean had no effects on soil chemical characteristics, evaluated 80 days after the residues incorporation; in yield and bean crop development, no statistical differences were observed among treatments.

Balanço de radiação em cultivos de feijão-vagem com e sem cobertura de polietileno

The radiation budget in agricultural crops is very important on the microclimate characterization, on the water losses determination and on dry matter accumulation of vegetation. This work describes the radiation budget determination in a green beans crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in Botucatu, SP, Brazil (22° 54′S; 48° 27′W; 850 m), under two different conditions: the normal field culture and in a polyethylene greenhouse. The densities of fluxes of radiation were used to construct diurnal curves of the components of global radiation (Rg), reflected radiation (Rr), net radiation (Rn).The arithmetic's relations allowed to obtain the components net short-waves (Rc) and net long-waves (Rl). The analysis of these components related to the leaf area index (LAI) in many phenological phases of the culture showed Rg distributed in 68%, 85%, 17% and 66%, 76%, 10% to Rn, Rc and Rl in the internal and external ambients in a polyethylene greenhouse, respectively.

Comportamento de cultivares de soja quanto a qualidade fisiológica de sementes

This work was carried out in order to evaluate if there was a relationship between genotypes and the physiological soybean (Glycine max L.) seed quality. It was conducted during three years using seven cultivars each year. The seeds were harvested at: 1) yellow radicle or expanded pod stage, 2) yellow pod or physiological maturity (R7), 3) harvest maturity (R8), and 4) R8 + 21 days delay. Seed moisture content, standard germination, and vigor tests were performed. The germination and vigor evaluated by accelerated aging and electrical conductivity did not show physiological seed quality differences among genotypes as harvested at physiological maturity. Then, the evaluation of seed germination and vigor, when the environment is not a considered factor, is not an efficient method to show differences among soybean genotypes in terms of seed quality.

Capacidade combinatória para frutificação em cultivares de nogueira macadâmia

A 5 × 5 diallel experiment was conducted at Experimental Station of Tietê, SP, aiming to evaluate the combining ability amongst macadamia nut trees (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) cultivars IAC Campinas A, IAC 2-23 A, IAC 4-12 B, IAC 4-20 e IAC 5-10. The initial fruit set was evaluated 14 days after manual pollination and showed that every cultivar presented self incompatibility. There were significant general and specific combining ability amongst cultivars and reciprocal effects. The cultivar IAC Campinas A reduced the initial fruit set at all crossing in which was used as female progenitor. The best results for initial fruit set were showed by crossings between following cultivars: IAC 4-20 × IAC Campinas A, IAC 4-12 B × IAC 2-23 A, IAC 4-20 x× IAC 4-12 B, IAC 5-10 × IAC 2-23 A, IAC 5-10 × IAC 4-20, IAC 4-20 × IAC 2-23 A e IAC 5-10 × IAC 4-12 B.

Influência de cultivares de batata-doce resistentes e suscetíveis a Euscepes postfasciatus fairmaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) sobre o parasitismo, sobrevivência e a biologia de Catolaccus grandis burks (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

The influence of four resistant and two susceptible genotypes of sweet potato to Euscepes postfasciatus Fairmaire on parasitism and biology of Catolaccus grandis Burks were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Six sweet potato roots of each genotype were infested with E. postfasciatus adults during 40 days. After this period the larvae were taken, weighted and encapsulated in parafilm. Five larvae were offered in free choice and no choice tests to C. grandis pregnant females for 12h. Five replications were used. The parasitized larvae and the eggs of the parasitoid were counted. Three daily observations were made to determine the developmental time of phases and parasitoid survival. C. grandis females can distinguish E. postfasciatus larvae reared on susceptible and resistant roots, prefering to parasitize larvae reared on susceptible roots. C. grandis survival was higher when the parasitoid was reared on larvae originated from susceptible roots and the number of emerged females was higher on larvae reared on hosts originated from susceptible roots.

Comportamento de cultivares de cafeeiro em diferentes densidades de plantio

This experiment was developed at Adamantina, west region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during May 1995 to June of 2000. The plant growth and productivity of two coffee cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 and Obatã IAC 1669-20, were evaluated considering to plant densities of 2.500, 5.000, 7.519 and 10.000 plants ha-1. The density of 2500 also was studied with two plants in the same hole, spaced of 2,0 m in the plant line. The experimental design was the randomized completely blocks with three replications, using the split-plot system. The plots were the densities and the split-plots were the cultivars. Results showed that, with increasing of the planting density, the plant height also increased, while the stem and plant basis diameters were reduced, however the planting density did not affect the height of the first branch. The increase of the planting density also increased the field productivity and reduced the production of individual plant. The cultivation of two plants at the same hole reduced the stem diameter and the plant yield. The cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47 showed the higher plant height and the higher plant basis diameter while cv. Obatã IAC 1669-20 showed the higher stem diameter. The field productivity and individual plant productivity were not different between those cultivars in the period studied (1997-2000).

Intervalo hídrico ótimo e produtividade de cultivares de soja

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal water interval and its relationship with soybean yield. For this study, an experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a Haplustox medium textured soil. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized with subdivided plots (six compaction levels and four soybean cultivars), with four replications. The soil compaction levels were: T 0 = 0, T 1* = 1, T 1 = 1, T 2 = 2, T 4 = 4 and T 6 = 6 strides of a 11 ton tractor, on the same place, side by side on soil surface. In T 1* the compaction occurred when the soil was dry. In December, 2003 the soybean (Glycine max), cultivars IAC Foscarin 31, MG/BR 46 (Conquista), BRS/MG 68 (Vencedora) and IAC 8 - 2 were sown. After sowing, indeformed soil samples were collected in layers of 0.03-0.06, 0.08-0.11, 0.15-0.18 and 0.22-0.25 m for determination of soil water content and resistance to penetration curve and the optimal water content. According to model, the critical soil bulk density (Dsc) for soybean yield varied between cultivars from 1.56 to 1.64 Mg m -3. The soil bulk density at which the yield of soybean cultivars decreased was greater than the Dsc.

Correlação da produtividade do feijão com a resistência à penetração do solo sob plantio direto

The soil mechanical resistance to penetration (PR) has great influence on vegetative development as the root growth and the crop productivity change in inverse proportion. Thus, the objective of this research was to study correlation between the bean grain productivity and the PR in an Oxisol cultivated for four years in no-tillage system at FEIS/UNESP. The attributes PR and yield were determined in a regular grid with 119 sample points. The PR was determined in the layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20 and 0.25-0.30 m. The results were submitted to procedures of descriptive statistics, linear correlation and geostatistic analysis. The linear correlation between the yield and PR was practically null, as in all soil layers investigated it showed determination coefficients (R2) smaller than 0.03 and not significant. The geostatistic analysis showed moderate structure of spatial dependency for PR in the layers of 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.15 m, and strong for yield; however, the conjugate spatial analysis of such attributes showed no correlation, therefore, the spatial variability of PR did not influence the yield.

Características físicas e fisiológicas na qualidade industrial de cultivares e linhagens de trigo e triticale

The physical, physiological and rheological characteristics of cultivars and lines of wheat CD (COODETEC) 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 and CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 lines and triticale (EMBRAPA 53), for quality of flour for bread making were studied. The weight of hectliter (HW), weight of thousand grains (WTG), percentage of germination, total protein and farinography, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four repetitions, except the farinography (with two repetitions) were analyzed. The means obtained were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5%. The cultivars were different regarding the tested parameters. The PH value were compatible for commercialization, but not always the higher PH value corresponded to the greater weight of thousand grains. Only the CD 108 and 111 cultivars may be destine for French bread considering the stability parameter. About the index of tolerance for the mixture, the cultivars and lines were not different, but only the flour of 2017 line would attend the values that were established for French bread-making and fermented cookies. The CD 104, 108 and 11 cultivars and the CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 line obtained the ideal index also for fermented cookies. The cultivars which presented better weight of thousand grain gave the best index of tolerance for the mixture. There was no positive relation between total protein and the farinography.

Desenvolvimento de três cultivares de mangueira sobre quatro porta-enxertos

The experiment was conducted at the physics structure of the Rio Grande do Norte State Farming Research Company (EMPARN) in Açu-RN, with the objective of evaluate the behavior of grafts-holder cultivates in the plants formation of cultivates used as tops. The experimental design was randonizated blocks in the factorial outline 3 x 4, with 3 repetitions. The analyzed factors were four cultivates of grafts-holder and three cultivates of grafts. As grafts-holders were used the cultivates Carabao and Manga d'agua, originated at the Campinas Agrarian Institute, and the cultivates Rosinha and Espada, obtained from the EMPARN collection. The cultivates used as tops were Tommy Atkins, Van Dyke and Keitt, with the fork that were also obtained at EMPARN. In a period of six months was observed the diameters of the grafts-holder, grafts and hight of the plants. The Cultivar Manga d'agua, as a graft-holder, provided the smallest growing to the mango tree and the Cultivar Tommy Atkins, used as graft, was the one who presented the tallest hight.

Acúmulo de macronutrientes por duas cultivares de cebola produzidas em sistema de semeadura direta

Economically, onion is the third more important vegetable in Brazil. As a consequence of the increasing by use of new hybrid varieties, the nutritional management of the crop needs to be adequately known. This research was carried out in São José do Rio Pardo, São Paulo State, Brazil, from March 7 to August 8, 2004. The objective was to quantify, under field conditions, the accumulation of macronutrients by onion cultivars established by direct sowing. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replicates. The cultivars studied were Optima and Superex. Samples were taken at 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130 and 150 days after sowing. With population of 354,000 plants ha -1 and productivity estimated in 64.8 t ha -1, 'Optima' extracted on 150 days after sowing: 78.77, 13.04, 75.77, 59.09, 11.70 and 24.38 kg ha -1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively, and 'Superex', for the same plant population, and productivity at 72 t ha -1, 64.68, 10.33, 68.28, 65.58, 13.03 and 24.74 kg ha -1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively. The Optima hybrid exported through its bulb about 49.17% of N, 60.60% of P, 61.16% of K, 41.15% of Ca, 43.56% of Mg, and 47.18 of S, the equivalent to 38.73, 7.90, 46.34, 24.32, 5.10 and 11.51 kg ha -1, respectively. The Superex hybrid exported through its bulb about 44.29% of N, 55.85% of P, 62.54% of K, 35.71% of Ca, 31.82% of Mg, and 48.80% of S, the equivalent to 28.65, 5.77, 42.70, 23.42, 4.15, and 12.07 kg ha -1, respectively.

Parâmetros fisiológicos de cultivares de cevada sob déficits hídricos

The objective of this study was to evaluate some physiological parameters in six barley cultivars (Borema, Lagoa, BRS-180, BRS-195, EMB-128 e BRS-225), under water stress in different crop phenological phases. The treatments were as follows: TI - pots constantly irrigated until harvest: T2: - water stress starting from 45 days after sowing (DAS) and T3 - water stress starting from 65 DAS. Leaf resistance to water vapor diffusion (Rs), relative water content (RWC), and leaf water potential (Ψ1) were used to evaluate drought tolerance. Pots were arranged in a randomized block design with four blocks, six barley cultivars, and three treatments, in a total of seventy two pots. The experiment was conducted from August to November 2005 in a polyethylene greenhouse located at the experimental area of Rural Engineering Department - FCA, UNESP - Botucatu - SP. The results showed that all barley cultivars presented some adaptation to water stress, but EMB-128 was the most likely and BRS-180 the least likely to be drought tolerant. The results revealed that only one drought cycle may increase tolerance to drought.

Crescimento de cultivares de mamoneira em função da aplicação de boro, durante a formação de mudas

It was objectified to quantify the initial growth of varieties of castor bean with boron fertilization. Had been tested to cultivate they AL-Guarani, Mirante 10 and Nordestina to the doses of 0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 mg kg -1 of B in controlled environment of greenhouse in the Sector of Cafeicultura of the Department of Agriculture of the UFLA. The characteristics valued were: height of plants, length of roots, leaf number, diameter of stem, mass of dry substance (MS) of leafs, of stem, the root and total. To cultivate Mirante 10 it was the one that got minor growth of the system of root. For leaf number to cultivate AL-Guarani it was superior to Mirante 10 and Nordestina. Also to cultivate better AL-Guarani if it detached how much to the production of total mass of MS, while to cultivate Mirante 10 produced more mass of MS than Nordestina.