Heat transfer rates for cross flow of water through a tube bank at high Reynolds numbers.

Mode of access: Internet.

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: review of MR imaging findings

Objectives To review the epidemiological and clinical features of primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC), and to illustrate the spectrum of MRI findings, with pathological confirmation. Methods This article reviews the relevant literature on the epidemiological, clinical, and imaging features of primary fallopian tube carcinoma, with pathological confirmation, using illustrations from the authors’ teaching files. Results Primary fallopian tube carcinoma came under focus over the last few years due to its possible role on the pathogenesis of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian and peritoneal cancers. Typical symptoms, together with the presence of some of the most characteristic MRI signs, such as a Bsausage-shaped^ pelvic mass, hydrosalpinx, and hydrometra, may signal the presence of primary fallopian cancer, and allow the radiologist to report it as a differential diagnosis. Conclusions Primary fallopian tube carcinoma has a constellation of clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging features, which may be diagnostic. Although these findings are not present together in the majority of cases, radiologists who are aware of them may include the diagnosis of primary fallopian tube cancer in their report more frequently and with more confidence. Teaching Points • PFTC may be more frequent than previously thought • PFTC has specific clinical and MRI characteristics • Knowledge of typical PFTC signs enables its inclusion in the differential diagnosis • PFTC is currently staged under the 2013 FIGO system • PFTC is staged collectively with ovarian and peritoneal neoplasms

Aerosol transport in a bifurcating tube at cyclic flow

Branching tube flow is a common feature of many fields of science and technology, and occurs both in animate and inanimate systems [1]. The transport of aerosol particles is of particular importance in industrial flow networks but also for the respiratory tree [2]. In this analysis a 3-D numerical study is performed to investigate transport and deposition of aerosol particles in branching tubes. Bifurcation tubes designed according to Hess-Murray law [3] but with different branching angles are analyzed. This study covers cyclic flow conditions at frequencies of 0.25 Hz, 0.50 Hz and 0.75 Hz, Stokes numbers ranging between 0.03 and 0.25, and Reynolds numbers up to 3000.

Análisis de los riesgos administrativos, técnicos y financieros en la construcción de obras en zona rural de difícil acceso en el Municipio El Carmen de Atrato-comunidad La Puria del Departamento del Chocó-Colombia

68 p.

Finite element modeling of tube deformation during cold pilgering

A three-dimensional finite element model of cold pilgering of stainless steel tubes is developed in this paper. The objective is to use the model to increase the understanding of forces and deformations in the process. The focus is on the influence of vertical displacements of the roll stand and axial displacements of the mandrel and tube. Therefore, the rigid tools and the tube are supported with elastic springs. Additionally, the influences of friction coefficients in the tube/mandrel and tube/roll interfaces are examined. A sensitivity study is performed to investigate the influences of these parameters on the strain path and the roll separation force. The results show the importance of accounting for the displacements of the tube and rigid tools on the roll separation force and the accumulative plastic strain.

Cooperación de la AECID en temáticas de derechos humanos: un estudio a las víctimas del Chocó en el conflicto interno colombiano (2005-2014)

La Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el desarrollo (AECID) es un agente estatal que se encarga de desarrollar estrategias, comprendidas en sectores de cooperación como: la construcción de paz, crecimiento económico, desarrollo de género y gobernabilidad, con el objetivo de restablecer los derechos humanos en comunidades vulnerables víctimas del conflicto armado. En el caso de Colombia, este tipo de cooperación se da en el departamento del Chocó, a través de estrategias que emplean la ayuda humanitaria en busca de restablecer los derechos fundamentales de las comunidades tras el conflicto armado interno establecido en esta parte del país. En tal contexto, este estudio de caso pretende determinar si la AECID, a través de diferentes proyectos, logra restablecer los derechos humanos de los individuos del Chocó, además de analizar cómo la función de este agente estatal presenta un acercamiento entre el Estado colombiano y la población, teniendo en cuenta que la función de este ha sido casi nula.

Design, development, and analysis of hybrid metal-composite tube for industrial application

In the aerospace, automotive, printing, and sports industries, the development of hybrid Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)-metal components is becoming increasingly important. The coupling of metal with CFRP in axial symmetric components results in reduced production costs and increased mechanical properties such as bending, torsional stiffness, mass reduction, damping, and critical speed compared to the single material-built ones. In this thesis, thanks to a novel methodology involving a rubbery/viscoelastic interface layer, several hybrid aluminum-CFRP prototype tubes were produced. Besides, an innovative system for the cure of the CFRP part has been studied, analyzed, tested, and developed in the company that financed these research activities (Reglass SRL, Minerbio BO, Italy). The residual thermal stresses and strains have been investigated with numerical models based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and compared with experimental tests. Thanks to numerical models, it was also possible to reduce residual thermal stresses by optimizing the lamination sequence of CFRP and determining the influence of the system parameters. A novel software and methodology for evaluating mechanical and damping properties of specimens and tubes made in CFRP were also developed. Moreover, to increase the component's damping properties, rubber nanofibers have been produced and interposed throughout the lamination of specimens. The promising results indicated that the nanofibrous mat could improve the material damping factor over 77% and be adopted in CFRP components with a negligible increment of weight or losing mechanical properties.

Construction and test of a cosmic ray telescope based on CMS Drift Tube chambers and data acquisition prototypes of the Phase-2 upgrade

In this thesis work, a cosmic-ray telescope was set up in the INFN laboratories in Bologna using smaller size replicas of CMS Drift Tubes chambers, called MiniDTs, to test and develop new electronics for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade. The MiniDTs were assembled in INFN National Laboratory in Legnaro, Italy. Scintillator tiles complete the telescope, providing a signal independent of the MiniDTs for offline analysis. The telescope readout is a test system for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade data acquisition design. The readout is based on the early prototype of a radiation-hard FPGA-based board developed for the High Luminosity LHC CMS upgrade, called On Board electronics for Drift Tubes. Once the set-up was operational, we developed an online monitor to display in real-time the most important observables to check the quality of the data acquisition. We performed an offline analysis of the collected data using a custom version of CMS software tools, which allowed us to estimate the time pedestal and drift velocity in each chamber, evaluate the efficiency of the different DT cells, and measure the space and time resolution of the telescope system.

Pollination Ecology Of Two Species Of Elleanthus (orchidaceae): Novel Mechanisms And Underlying Adaptations To Hummingbird Pollination.

Relationships among floral biology, floral micromorphology and pollinator behaviour in bird-pollinated orchids are important issues to understand the evolution of the huge flower diversity within Orchidaceae. We aimed to investigate floral mechanisms underlying the interaction with pollinators in two hummingbird-pollinated orchids occurring in the Atlantic forest. We assessed floral biology, nectar traits, nectary and column micromorphologies, breeding systems and pollinators. In both species, nectar is secreted by lip calli through spaces between the medial lamellar surfaces of epidermal cells. Such form of floral nectar secretion has not been previously described. Both species present functional protandry and are self-compatible yet pollinator-dependent. Fruit sets in hand-pollination experiments were more than twice those under natural conditions, evidencing pollen limitation. The absence of fruit set in interspecific crosses suggests the existence of post-pollination barriers between these synchronopatric species. In Elleanthus brasiliensis, fruits resulting from cross-pollination and natural conditions were heavier than those resulting from self-pollination, suggesting advantages to cross-pollination. Hummingbirds pollinated both species, which share at least one pollinator species. Species differences in floral morphologies led to distinct pollination mechanisms. In E. brasiliensis, attachment of pollinaria to the hummingbird bill occurs through a lever apparatus formed by an appendage in the column, another novelty to the knowledge of orchids. In E. crinipes, pollinaria attachment occurs by simple contact with the bill during insertion into the flower tube, which fits tightly around the bill. The novelties described here illustrate the overlooked richness in ecology and morphophysiology in Orchidaceae. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Adequação de engates rápidos de aspersores como conectores de mangueira para distribuição de água em sulcos de irrigação

As a way to reduce water losses in furrow irrigation systems, used in fresh market tomato production, farmers are improperly distributing water into the field using plastic hose. The objective of this work was to study the suitability of using quick coupler sprinkler as hose connectors for water distribution in tomato plantation. The first step of the study was to assess the current hose field operation for tomato growers. Subsequently, four models of quick couplers sprinklers available in the market were tested in laboratory to determine the coefficient of resistance, the equivalent tube length, the head loss curve and the linking efficiency. As result, a structural design for hose connectors was presented using the model of coupling with the best hydraulic performance. Additionally, some technical recommendations on its use in irrigation water distribution are highlighted. Despite the requirement for additional field trials, the proposed system has potential to optimize the water use efficiency, to improve workers ergonomic conditions, and ensure good profitability to the producer.

Teste de banco com carga continua para analise do volume de oxigenio (VO2) predito e analisado por tempo de esforço em pessoas treinadas (TRD), ativas (ATV) e destreinadas (DTR) a partir dos 13 anos : proposta de validação

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

In vitro evaluation of an alternative method to bond molar tubes

Despite the advances in bonding materials, many clinicians today still prefer to place bands on molar teeth. Molar bonding procedures need improvement to be widely accepted clinically. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength when an additional adhesive layer was applied on the occlusal tooth/tube interface to provide reinforcement to molar tubes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty third molars were selected and allocated to the 3 groups: group 1 received a conventional direct bond followed by the application of an additional layer of adhesive on the occlusal tooth/tube interface, group 2 received a conventional direct bond, and group 3 received a conventional direct bond and an additional cure time of 10 s. The specimens were debonded in a universal testing machine. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: Group 1 had a significantly higher (p<0.05) shear bond strength compared to groups 2 and 3. No difference was detected between groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present in vitro findings indicate that the application of an additional layer of adhesive on the tooth/tube interface increased the shear bond strength of the bonded molar tubes.

Estudo in vitro da resistência ao cisalhamento da colagem direta de tubos ortodônticos em molares

INTRODUÇÃO: apesar da colagem direta despender menor tempo clínico, com maior preservação da integridade gengival, ainda hoje se observa uma alta incidência de bandagem dos molares. Portanto, torna-se interessante a idealização de recursos para o aumento da eficiência desse procedimento para dentes submetidos a maiores impactos mastigatórios, como, por exemplo, os molares. OBJETIVO: esse estudo teve o propósito de avaliar se a resistência à adesão com a aplicação de uma camada de resina adicional na região oclusal da interface tubo/dente aumenta a qualidade do procedimento de colagem direta de tubos em molares. MÉTODOS: selecionou-se uma amostra composta por 40 terceiros molares inferiores, que foram aleatoriamente divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo 1 - colagem direta convencional, seguida pela aplicação de uma camada de resina na oclusal da interface tubo/dente; e Grupo 2 - colagem direta convencional. O teste de resistência ao cisalhamento foi realizado 24 horas após a colagem, utilizando-se uma máquina de ensaio universal, operando a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os resultados foram analisados por meio do teste t independente. RESULTADOS: os valores médios obtidos nos testes de cisalhamento foram: 17,08MPa para o Grupo 1 e 12,60MPa para o Grupo 2. O Grupo 1 apresentou uma resistência ao cisalhamento estatisticamente significativa mais alta do que o Grupo 2. CONCLUSÃO: a aplicação de uma camada adicional de resina na oclusal da interface tubo/dente aumenta a qualidade da adesão do procedimento de colagem direta de tubos ortodônticos em molares.

Indicações e uso da técnica "sonda-dedo"

A recomendação da Organização Mundial da Saúde é que todo recém nascido deva ser alimentado exclusivamente no seio materno até o sexto mês e, de forma complementar, até o segundo ano de vida. Assim, algumas técnicas são realizadas para facilitar a alimentação ao seio, dentre elas o uso do copo e, recentemente, a utilização da técnica "sonda-dedo". Tal prática é bastante controversa e há escassez de estudos na literatura sobre a descrição da técnica, sua indicação e uso. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar a experiência clínica para indicação e uso da técnica "sonda-dedo". A técnica "sonda-dedo" consiste no oferecimento do leite, de preferência humano, utilizando sonda gástrica conectada a uma seringa com êmbolo e fixada em dedo mínimo enluvado com fita adesiva. A sonda é posicionada na cavidade oral do recém nascido e deve servir como uma técnica de auxílio para adequação do padrão de sucção. Desta forma, sugere-se que sua indicação deve ser apenas nos casos em que seja caracterizada uma disfunção oral, seja em recém nascidos a termo ou pré-termo. Diante da avaliação específica, realizada pelo fonoaudiólogo, indica-se a técnica "sonda-dedo" com objetivo de adequar as alterações obtidas na avaliação da sucção não nutritiva ou em seio materno. Acredita-se que, para que a técnica "sonda-dedo" seja indicada como complemento do aleitamento materno, devam ser realizados novos estudos para esclarecer quais as repercussões da técnica "sonda-dedo" na prevalência do aleitamento materno e no desenvolvimento motor oral de recém nascidos.