AVALIAÇÃO DAS ALTERAÇÕES DENTOESQUELÉTICAS DECORRENTES DO TRATAMENTO DA MALOCLUSÃO DE CLASSE II COM O APARELHO FORSUS POR MEIO DE TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar cefalometricamente as alterações dentoesqueléticas decorrentes do tratamento da maloclusão de Classe II, divisão 1, com o aparelho Forsus®, por meio de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC). O grupo avaliado foi composto por 10 pacientes, sendo 7 do sexo masculino e 3 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 16,1 anos, maloclusão com severidade mínima de 1/2 Classe II, trespasse horizontal mínimo de 5 mm, padrão facial meso ou braquifacial. Estes jovens se encontravam no estágio IV ou V de maturação óssea, verificada pelas vértebras cervicais. O tempo de uso do aparelho Forsus foi de 7,16 meses (média), período de avaliação compreendido entre a aquisição da primeira teleradiografia gerada através da TCFC (T1 - pré-Forsus) e da segunda teleradiografia (T2 - pós-Forsus). Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste-t pareado. Os resultados mostraram um pequeno crescimento mandibular que, juntamente com uma diminuição do SNA levaram a uma melhora da relação maxilomandibular. Houve uma rotação no sentido anti-horário da mandíbula e do plano oclusal no sentido horário. Os incisivos superiores foram retruídos, verticalizados e extruídos e os molares superiores distalizaram por inclinação. Houve vestibularização, protrusão e intrusão dos incisivos inferiores, além de mesialização e extrusão dos molares inferiores. Desta maneira, conclui-se que o aparelho Forsus foi efetivo na correção da maloclusão de Classe II, propiciando maiores alterações dentoalveolares do que esqueléticas.(AU)

AVALIAÇÃO DAS TÁBUAS ÓSSEAS VESTIBULARES E LINGUAIS DOS DENTES ANTERIORES INFERIORES E MOLARES SUPERIORES APÓS O TRATAMENTO COM OS APARELHOS FUNCIONAIS FIXOS FORSUS E TWIN FORCE BITE CORRECTOR

Pelo fato das consequências do uso de aparelhos ortopédicos fixos sobre o periodonto ósseo vestibular e lingual ainda serem uma incógnita para o ortodontista clínico e pesquisador, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) as alterações em espessura das tábuas ósseas vestibulares e linguais em primeiros molares superiores e incisivos e caninos inferiores, após a utilização de aparelhagem fixa e dos aparelhos Twin Force (grupo A) e Forsus (grupo B) para o tratamento da maloclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão. Para tanto, obteve-se uma amostra de 22 pacientes jovens adultos, divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o aparelho propulsor da mandíbula. Grupo experimental A: 11 pacientes, 6 masculinos e 5 femininos, com idade média de 15,09 anos na instalação do Twin Force, e 11 pacientes, 7 masculinos e 4 femininos, com idade média de 15,45 anos na instalação do Forsus. O tempo médio de uso do aparelho Twin Force foi de 3,73 meses e do Forsus, 7,09 meses. O grupo A realizou TCFC antes do início do tratamento (T1), antes da instalação do Twin Force (T2), após a remoção do Twin Force (T3); e o grupo B somente antes da instalação do Forsus (T2) e após a remoção do Forsus (T3). Para comparação entre os tempos T2 e T3 foi utilizado o teste t pareado e entre os tempos T1, T2 e T3 foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) a um critério e o teste post-hoc de Tukey. Para comparação entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste t . Na comparação intergrupos os resultados evidenciaram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as alterações das espessuras das tábuas ósseas vestibular e lingual; por outro lado, na avaliação intra-grupo, de 48 medidas avaliadas, no grupo A houve reduções estatisticamente significantes nos terços cervical e médio por vestibular, nos dentes anteroinferiores e nos primeiros molares superiores e aumento nos terços cervical e médio, por lingual nos dentes anteriores inferiores, totalizando 25 medidas significantes. Já no grupo B, houve aumento significante da tábua óssea lingual nos dentes anteriores inferiores e redução em vestibular nos molares superiores, totalizando apenas sete medidas significantes, mas com mais medidas significantes de redução óssea vestibular em terços cervical e médio nos primeiros molares superiores, em comparação com o grupo A. Não houve diferença significante entre as medições obtidas com voxel 0,2 mm e 0,4 mm e nem dimorfismo entre os gêneros. As reduções em espessura óssea alveolar, principalmente em terços cervicais e médios vestibulares nos dentes avaliados neste estudo são um alerta ao clínico, para que realize essa abordagem diagnóstica periodontal antes de iniciar o tratamento ortodôntico.

CORRELAÇÕES ENTRE PERCEPÇÃO DA PASSAGEM DO TEMPO, ATENÇÃO DIFUSA E ANSIEDADE

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos psicofisiológicos da ansiedade em particular a atenção e a percepção da passagem do tempo. Foi aplicada a escala psicométrica de ansiedade do IDATE em 180 alunos do curso de Educação Física da Universidade de São Paulo em sala de aula. Foram selecionados 15 voluntários mais ansiosos e 15 menos ansiosos foi considerado o IDATE traço por apresentar características mais constantes da ansiedade. O experimento 1 foi a tarefa de Tempo Espontâneo onde os participantes deviam bater o dedo no botão A do joystick da forma mais regular e precisa possível por um minuto. Já no experimento 2 os participantes foram orientados a responder o mais rápido possível ao surgimento do estimulo (ponto branco 0,4 grau) com uma luminância de 80 cd/m contra um fundo cinza pressionando o botão A do joystick com qualquer dedo da mão dominante (TRS). Os estímulos eram apresentados randomicamente por 82 posições diferentes na tela do computador. Após tratamento dos dados e analise estatística, o estudo de caráter geral e exploratório apresentado aqui mostra tendências, mas não correlações significativas entre as medidas. Alguns dados, no entanto, chamam a atenção e devem ser considerados no planejamento de experimentos futuros.

Estudo sobre tratamento térmico e mudança superficial da diatomita de Punaú/RN para o desenvolvimento de um auxiliar de filtração

The diatomite is a natural material that has numerous applications due to changes in their physical and chemical properties after processing. It is currently used in the industry as a sound insulator , filter aid and industrial load . The filter material shall be inert chemical composition , which will diatomite confers a high commercial value and performance not found in other particulate materials , for this application. The diatomite surface undergoes changes after thermal treatment at high temperatures , from 800ºC , with properties that enable its application in the food , beverage , pharmaceutical , cosmetic and textiles . In this work , we developed a study on thermal treatment on natural diatomite to adapt their properties to the application as a filter aid . The heat treatments were performed in an open oven at temperatures of 800ºC , 1000ºC and 1200ºC for a time of 24 hours. Reagents were added in the constitution of the samples analyzed. The reagents used were sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ) and sodium chloride (NaCl) . The samples were characterized by x - ray diffraction , x -ray fluorescence , scanning electron microscopy , analysis and particle size distribution , specific surface area by the BET method , and pore volume by BJH method. The results showed a reduction in porosity of the material as well as a significant increase in specific surface area after heat treatment and the reactants in the ratio of 3 wt%. The diatomaceous earth , after heat treatment , undergone changes in its coloration , varying in white, cream and beige , which directly interferes with the speed of filtration materials process. All results obtained before and after heat treatment of the material with the values obtained for samples already used industrially , Brazilian and American industry , which were characterized using the same test methods performed with the samples in the study were compared and showed promising efficiency when material studied in the region of Punaú - RN , after processing , reagent addition and heat treatment, as an element in the composition of filter .

Evidências de validade do Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic: avaliação de indicadores de adesão ao tratamento em pacientes com hipertensão

Systemic Arterial Hypertension – SAH – is defined as the syndrome which its main feature is the presence of high tensional levels, associated with alterations of functional or structural levels in the organs that it strikes. Its specific causes are not very well bounded and have an asymptomatic character. Due to its chronicity it requires adherence to the treatment plan in a systematic and permanent manner, implicating in lifestyle changes, combined or not with the use of medication. The personality inventories have been largely used in the lineation of indicative traits of difficulties with the adherence to the treatment. In this sense, developed by Theodore Millon, the Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic – MBMD is an instrument made from the consensus among healthcare professionals, aiming at identifying psychological factors that may compromise medical treatment so that they can be conducted in a way to enable a better adherence. Objective: evaluation of the evidence of validity of the Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic – MBMD for a public of patients with hypertension, aiming at investigating the indicators implicated in the adherence or not to the anti-hypertensive treatment. Method: there was a group of 200 participants in a university hospital in the city of Natal/RN, males and females, ranging from 20 to 70 years old. An interview protocol was administered in order to obtain information about socio-demographic data, clinical history, healthcare habits and way of conducting treatment, and after, the administration of the MBMD followed. Results: by means of Factor Analysis it was verified that the organization proposed by the factors is favorable and it adjusts to the theory, allowing the visualization of other underlying constructs to the scales, with adequate adjustment indexes and satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha indicators. Besides, the MBMD revealed itself sensitive to the intragroup differences relative to the sex, age, schooling, marital status, profession, income, SAH history, diagnostic time, medication use, comorbidity presence, hyposodic diet, social support and adherence criteria variables. The utilization of such instrument in the evaluation of the adherence to the anti-hypertensive treatment show, therefore, indicators of validity.

Trajetos de exclusão e reclusão: oral temática de familiares atingidos pelo tratamento asilar da hanseníase

A história da hanseníase é marcada por preconceito, exclusão social, estigma, abandono e medo, por ter sido conhecida durante muito tempo como incurável e contagiosa. Além dos agravos inerentes às alterações dermatoneurológicas e consequentes incapacidades físicas, são ressaltadas as repercussão emocionais, alterações nos hábitos cotidianos e mudanças na configuração familiar. Atualmente a hanseníase é conhecida como doença negligenciada, com alta incidência e prevalência, considerada como um problema de saúde alvo de incentivos e mobilizações das políticas públicas. Ao estudar a história da hanseníase, parte-se do pressuposto de que pouco se sabe sobre as repercussões da doença do passado na vida dos familiares de ex-doentes tratados em regime asilar, assim como a visão e os sentimentos dos mesmos familiares diante da hanseníase na atualidade. Portanto, objetivou-se narrar a história de familiares de ex-doentes de hanseníase que foram tratados em hospital colônia. Os objetivos específicos são: Identificar se familiares de pacientes com hanseníase tratados em hospitais colônia eram atingidos pelo preconceito, estigma e exclusão que permeava a vida dos portadores da doença; Verificar se o tratamento de ex-doentes de hanseníase em hospitais colônia alterou a efetivação de laços familiares tais indivíduos e os membros de sua família; Averiguar qual a compreensão que familiares de ex-doentes de hanseníase tratados em hospitais colônia têm sobre a hanseníase; Promover, junto aos participantes da pesquisa, atividade de promoção da saúde sobre hanseníase. Adotou-se o estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa com suporte na História Oral de Temática como técnica e referencial metodológico. Os 52 familiares de ex-doentes de lepra que foram segregados no Hospital Colônia São Francisco de Assis, cadastrados no MORHAN-Potiguar, constituíram a colônia. A partir do ponto zero houve o recrutamento dos participantes que compuseram a rede, totalizando 10 colaboradores, de ambos os sexos e idade de 44 a 76 anos. Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa - UFRN, sob o protocolo 650.654/2014 e CAAE 25922214.3.0000.5537, realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de entrevista, utilizando instrumento de identificação da rede e questões abertas. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas, conferidas pelos colaboradores e posteriormente transcriadas. Tratou-se as histórias, narradas pela técnica de Análise Temática de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin, emergindo três eixos temáticos: Impacto nas relações sociais (Estigma e preconceito; Exclusão social); Impacto nas relações familiares (Desagregação familiar; Restrições para visita; Compartilhamento e construção de uma nova família; Consequências familiar geradas pelo isolamento; Reconstrução do vínculo familiar); e Pensamentos frente a lepra e a hanseníase (A história no passado; A história no presente). O fato de ter um familiar doente de hanseníase segregado em hospital colônia gerou empecilhos nas relações sociais vivenciadas pelos colaboradores do estudo, que embora não tivessem a doença, foram vitimados pela exclusão social, estigma e preconceito. O internamento compulsório também gerou modificações na estrutura familiar, com distanciamento, alteração no vínculo e tentativa de reestruturação familiar. Os colaboradores também refletiram sobre política de controle da lepra no passado, assim como a adotada no presente frente à hanseníase.

Otimização do sistema de supervisão e controle de uma planta de tratamento de resíduos utilizando plasma

A major and growing problems faced by modern society is the high production of waste and related effects they produce, such as environmental degradation and pollution of various ecosystems, with direct effects on quality of life. The thermal treatment technologies have been widely used in the treatment of these wastes and thermal plasma is gaining importance in processing blanketing. This work is focused on developing an optimized system of supervision and control applied to a processing plant and petrochemical waste effluents using thermal plasma. The system is basically composed of a inductive plasma torch reactors washing system / exhaust gases and RF power used to generate plasma. The process of supervision and control of the plant is of paramount importance in the development of the ultimate goal. For this reason, various subsidies were created in the search for greater efficiency in the process, generating events, graphics / distribution and storage of data for each subsystem of the plant, process execution, control and 3D visualization of each subsystem of the plant between others. A communication platform between the virtual 3D plant architecture and a real control structure (hardware) was created. The goal is to use the concepts of mixed reality and develop strategies for different types of controls that allow manipulating 3D plant without restrictions and schedules, optimize the actual process. Studies have shown that one of the best ways to implement the control of generation inductively coupled plasma techniques is to use intelligent control, both for their efficiency in the results is low for its implementation, without requiring a specific model. The control strategy using Fuzzy Logic (Fuzzy-PI) was developed and implemented, and the results showed satisfactory condition on response time and viability

Tratamento de cascalho de perfuração utilizando sistemas microemulsionados

The oil industry is one of the activities that generates more waste to the environment. The drill cuttings is a waste generated in large quantities in the drilling process and that may cause environmental damage such as soil contamination and consequently the contamination of groundwater if disposed of without prior treatment. Arises the need to develop scientific activities and research ways to adapt these wastes the current environmental standards. In the case of solid wastes, the NBR 10004: 2004 of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) classifies them into class I waste (hazardous) and class II (not dangerous), which determines which wastes may or may not be discarded in the environment without causing environmental impact. This study presents a novel alternative for treating drill cuttings, where this waste was classified as class I (Abreu & Souza, 2005), mainly by removing the n-paraffin present in it, since this arises when using drilling fluids base oil. Using microemulsion systems promotes the removal of this contaminant drill cuttings samples from wells located in Alto do Rodrigues - RN. Initially, we determined the concentration of paraffin using infrared method in samples were extracted with ultrasound, we obtained a paraffin concentration in the range from 36.59 to 43.52 g of paraffin per kilogram of cuttings. Used two microemulsion systems containing two nonionic surfactants from different classes, one is an alcohol ethoxylated (UNTL-90) and the other an nonylphenol ethoxylated (RNX 110). The results indicated that the system UNTL-90 surfactant has better efficiency than the system with RNX 110. The study of the influence of contact time at the extraction showed that for times greater than 25 minutes has a tendency to increase the percentage extraction with increasing contact time. It was also observed that the extraction is fast because at 1 minute contact has 22.7% extraction. The reuse of the microemulsion system without removing the paraffin extracted in previous steps, showed reduction of 29.32 in percentage of extraction by comparing the first and third extraction, but by comparing the first and second extractions reduction is 8.5 in percentage extraction, so the systems reuse optimization can be an option for economically viable removing paraffin from cuttings. The extraction with shaking is more effective in the treatment of cuttings, reaching the extraction percentage of 87.04%, that is, obtaining a drill cuttings with 0.551% paraffin. Using the percentage of paraffin employed in non-aqueous drilling fluids and fluid maximum limit on cuttings for disposal established by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (US EPA), one arrives at the conclusion that the level of paraffin on gravel cannot exceed 3.93%. Conclude that the amount of paraffin in the treated cuttings with the microemulsion system with shaking is below the established by US EPA, showing that the system used was efficient in removing the paraffin from the drill cuttings.

Avaliação do tratamento eletroquímico (direto e indireto) como alternativa de degradação do corante azul de metileno

Textile industry has been a cause of environmental pollution, mainly due to the generation of large volumes of waste containing high organic loading and intense color. In this context, this study evaluated the electrochemical degradation of synthetic effluents from textile industry containing Methylene Blue (AM) dye, using Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 and Ti/Pt anodes, by direct and indirect (active chlorine) electrooxidation. We evaluated the influence of applied current density (20, 40 and 60 mA/cm2 ), and the presence of different concentrations of electrolyte (NaCl and Na2SO4), as well as the neutral and alkaline pH media. The electrochemical treatment was conducted in a continuous flow reactor, in which the electrolysis time of the AM 100 ppm was 6 hours. The performance of electrochemical process was evaluated by UV-vis spectrophotometry, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that with increasing current density, it was possible to obtain 100 % of color removal at Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 and Ti/Pt electrodes. Regarding the color removal efficiency, increasing the concentration of electrolyte promotes a higher percentage of removal using 0,02 M Na2SO4 and 0,017 M NaCl. Concerning to the aqueous medium, the best color removal results were obtained in alkaline medium using Ti/Pt. In terms of organic matter, 86 % was achieved in neutral pH medium for Ti/Pt; while a 30 % in an alkaline medium. To understand the electrochemical behavior due to the oxygen evolution reaction, polarization curves were registered, determining that the presence of NaCl in the solution favored the production of active chlorine species. The best results in energy consumption and cost were obtained by applying lower current density (20 mA/cm2 ) in 6 hours of electrolysis.

Influência da pressão e da vazão de concentrado sobre o desempenho de ultrafiltração no pós-tratamento de esgotos

Despite the numerous advantages resulting from the use of membrane filters technology, intrinsic limitations fouling process become relevant to its applicability. The control of operating conditions is an important tool to mitigate fouling and achieve good levels of efficiency. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transmembrane pressure and concentrate flow in the performance of ultrafiltration, applied to the post-treatment of domestic sewage. The process was evaluated and optimized by varying the pressure (0.5 and 1.5 bar) and the concentrate flow (300 and 600 L/h), using a 22 factorial design, in order to investigate the effects on the permeate flow and quality of effluents generated at each operating condition. We evaluated the following quality indicators for permeate: pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, calcium and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In all tests, we observed marked reduction in the permeate flux at the early stages, followed by a slow decline that lasted until it reaches a relatively constant level, around 120 minutes of filtration. The increased pressure resulted in a higher initial permeate flux, but the decrease of the flow with time is greater for tests at higher pressure, indicating a more pronounced fouling process. On the other hand, increasing the concentrate flow resulted in a slower decline in permeate flux with the filtration time. Regarding the quality of permeate, the transmembrane pressure of 0,5 bar was the one that allowed better results, and was statistically confirmed through the two-way ANOVA test with repeated measures, significant effect of pressure on the turbidity of the permeate. The concentrate flow, in turn, showed no significant influence on any of the quality parameters. Thus, we conclude that, from an economic and environmental point of view, it is more interesting to operate ultrafiltration membrane system with a lower concentrate flow associated with a low transmembrane pressure, since under these conditions will produce less waste, and the permeate will present lower concentrations of the analyzed constituent, especially lower turbidity.

Diagnóstico e tratamento do TDA/H: investigação dos critérios utilizados por diferentes categorias profissionais da cidade de Natal-RN

TDA/H is usually considered among the most frequent psychological malfunctions in both childhood and adolescence. It covers a complex combination of neurocognitive deficits leading to developmental troubles linked to attention failure, hyperactivity and impulsivity. On the other hand, diagnosis of TDA/H is frequently a hard task, since sociocultural aspects concerning the evaluation of symptoms lead to some etiologic vagueness. Additionally, the large extent of evaluation tools, together with the diversity of therapeutic approaches referred by specialized literature justify the interest of investigating the diverse ways of diagnosing and treating TDA/H by medical doctors, psychologists and psycho-pedagogues developing professional activities in Natal-RN (Brazil) in the assistance of children and teenagers with TDA/H diagnosis hypothesis. A sample of thirty-four professionals participated in this study in a convenience-basis, and submitted to a semi-directed interview. Information from this procedure was analyzed, categorized and submitted to a multidimensional descriptive analysis (cluster analysis procedure), allowing to verify the partition of the sample in two groups: Group 1, basically composed by medical professionals, and Group 2, composed by psychologists and psycho-pedagogues. The categorized variable “Number of sessions” – average time used for arriving to a diagnosis – was the partition-variable showing the larger amount of statistical contribution for the partition, followed by the variables “Professional formation” and “Use of diagnostic tools”. Variables such “Comorbidity”, “TDA/H Definition” and Modalities of Intervention” also showed contribution to the partition obtained, even though their lesser amount of statistical contribution. Despite some similarity between these two groups, data allowed to demonstrate specific association between academic source-formation of the professional concerned and diagnosis and intervention modalities shown by these professionals when dealing with TDA/H. These data confirm relevant heterogeneity in dealing with TDA/H due to professional formation of professionals involved in diagnosis and treatment tasks.

Diagnóstico e tratamento do TDA/H: investigação dos critérios utilizados por diferentes categorias profissionais da cidade de Natal-RN

TDA/H is usually considered among the most frequent psychological malfunctions in both childhood and adolescence. It covers a complex combination of neurocognitive deficits leading to developmental troubles linked to attention failure, hyperactivity and impulsivity. On the other hand, diagnosis of TDA/H is frequently a hard task, since sociocultural aspects concerning the evaluation of symptoms lead to some etiologic vagueness. Additionally, the large extent of evaluation tools, together with the diversity of therapeutic approaches referred by specialized literature justify the interest of investigating the diverse ways of diagnosing and treating TDA/H by medical doctors, psychologists and psycho-pedagogues developing professional activities in Natal-RN (Brazil) in the assistance of children and teenagers with TDA/H diagnosis hypothesis. A sample of thirty-four professionals participated in this study in a convenience-basis, and submitted to a semi-directed interview. Information from this procedure was analyzed, categorized and submitted to a multidimensional descriptive analysis (cluster analysis procedure), allowing to verify the partition of the sample in two groups: Group 1, basically composed by medical professionals, and Group 2, composed by psychologists and psycho-pedagogues. The categorized variable “Number of sessions” – average time used for arriving to a diagnosis – was the partition-variable showing the larger amount of statistical contribution for the partition, followed by the variables “Professional formation” and “Use of diagnostic tools”. Variables such “Comorbidity”, “TDA/H Definition” and Modalities of Intervention” also showed contribution to the partition obtained, even though their lesser amount of statistical contribution. Despite some similarity between these two groups, data allowed to demonstrate specific association between academic source-formation of the professional concerned and diagnosis and intervention modalities shown by these professionals when dealing with TDA/H. These data confirm relevant heterogeneity in dealing with TDA/H due to professional formation of professionals involved in diagnosis and treatment tasks.

Potencialidade do tratamento eletroquímico oxidativo associado à adsorção para remediação de corantes têxteis

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oxidative electrochemical treatment coupled with adsorption process using expanded perlite as adsorbent in the removal of textile dyes, Red Remazol and Novacron Blue on synthetic effluent. Dyes and perlite were characterized by thermogravimetry techniques (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy infrared (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Electrochemical treatments used as anodes, Ti/Pt and Pb/PbO2 under different conditions: 60 minutes, current density 20, 40 e 60 mAcm-2, pH 1, 4.5 e 8 and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC. In the case of adsorption tests, contact time of 30 minutes for the Remazol Red dye and 20 minutes for Novacron Blue were established, while pH 1, 4.5 e 8, 500 mg adsorbent and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC were used for both treatments. The results indicated that both treatments, electroxidation/adsorption and the adsorption/electroxidation, were effective for removing color from synthetic solutions. The consumption of electricity allowed to evaluate the applicability of the electrochemical process, providing very acceptable values, which allowed us to estimate the cost. Total organic carbon (TOC) and Gas Chromatography linked mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyzes were performed, showing that the better combination for removing organic matter is by Pb/PbO2 and perlite. Meanwhile, GC-MS indicated that the by-products formed are benzoic acid, phthalic acid, thiocarbamic acid, benzene, chlorobenzene, phenol-2-ethyl and naphthalene when Remazol Red was degraded. Conversely, aniline, phthalic acid, 1, 6 - dimethylnaphthalene, naphthalene and ion hidroxobenzenosulfonat was detected when Novacron Blue was studied. Analyses obtained through atomic absorption spectrometry showed that there was release of lead in the electrochemical oxidation of analyzes that were performed with the anode Pb/PbO2, but these values are reduced by subjecting the effluent to adsorption analysis. According to these results, sequential techniques electroxidation/adsorption and adsorption/electroxidation are to treat solutions containing dyes.

Potencialidade do tratamento eletroquímico oxidativo associado à adsorção para remediação de corantes têxteis

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oxidative electrochemical treatment coupled with adsorption process using expanded perlite as adsorbent in the removal of textile dyes, Red Remazol and Novacron Blue on synthetic effluent. Dyes and perlite were characterized by thermogravimetry techniques (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy infrared (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Electrochemical treatments used as anodes, Ti/Pt and Pb/PbO2 under different conditions: 60 minutes, current density 20, 40 e 60 mAcm-2, pH 1, 4.5 e 8 and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC. In the case of adsorption tests, contact time of 30 minutes for the Remazol Red dye and 20 minutes for Novacron Blue were established, while pH 1, 4.5 e 8, 500 mg adsorbent and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC were used for both treatments. The results indicated that both treatments, electroxidation/adsorption and the adsorption/electroxidation, were effective for removing color from synthetic solutions. The consumption of electricity allowed to evaluate the applicability of the electrochemical process, providing very acceptable values, which allowed us to estimate the cost. Total organic carbon (TOC) and Gas Chromatography linked mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyzes were performed, showing that the better combination for removing organic matter is by Pb/PbO2 and perlite. Meanwhile, GC-MS indicated that the by-products formed are benzoic acid, phthalic acid, thiocarbamic acid, benzene, chlorobenzene, phenol-2-ethyl and naphthalene when Remazol Red was degraded. Conversely, aniline, phthalic acid, 1, 6 - dimethylnaphthalene, naphthalene and ion hidroxobenzenosulfonat was detected when Novacron Blue was studied. Analyses obtained through atomic absorption spectrometry showed that there was release of lead in the electrochemical oxidation of analyzes that were performed with the anode Pb/PbO2, but these values are reduced by subjecting the effluent to adsorption analysis. According to these results, sequential techniques electroxidation/adsorption and adsorption/electroxidation are to treat solutions containing dyes.

Avaliação de processo de lodos ativos por batelada seguido de tratamento terciário com ênfase na remoção de matéria orgânica e na sedimentabilidade do lodo

This paper evaluate the performance of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in sequential batch activated sludge modality with tertiary treatment step, located in high temperature region. It also presents the analysis of organic matter’s removal and the evaluation of sludge sedimentation conditions through reactors in bench scale, fed with different substrate’s and biomass’ concentrations, from the WWTP in study. The results showed high efficiency and stability of the treatment process using Sequential Batch Reactors for domestic sewage, even with sudden changes of organic and hydraulic load, reaching more than 90% of efficiency in the removal of biodegradable organic matter. The removal of organic matter and sedimentation tests in bench reactors showed the good performance in respect of the organic matter’s removal, however, the high concentration of micro-organism results in a lower sludge sedimentation rate, which can compromise the quality of the final effluent. The relation Food/Microorganism in the conditions of the WWTP’s current operation showed a value of 0.06 gCOD/gVSS.d. and zonal sedimentation velocity of 0.59 m/h, the great ratio of the concentration of the substrate by biomass concentration, which obtained the maximum operational efficiency, showed a value of 0.09 gCOD/gVSS.d. and zonal sedimentation velocity of 1.4 m/h.