Effects of taper on swimming force and swimmer performance after an experimental ten-week training program

Papoti, M., L.E.B. Martins, S.A. Cunha, A.M. Zagatto, and C.A. Gobatto. Effects of taper on swimming force and swimmer performance after an experimental ten-week training program. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(2):538-542. 2007.- The purpose of this research was to examine how an 11-day taper after an 8.5-week experimental training cycle affected lactate levels during maximal exercise, mean force, and performance in training swimmers, independent of shaving, psychological changes, and postcompetition effects. Fourteen competition swimmers with shaved legs and torsos were recruited from the São Paulo Aquatic Federation. The training cycle consisted of a basic training period (endurance and quality phases) of 8.5 weeks, with 5,800 m·d -1 mean training volume and 6 d·wk -1 frequency; and a taper period (TP) of 1.5 weeks' duration that incorporated a 48% reduction in weekly volume without altering intensity. Attained swimming force (SF) and maximal performance over 200m maximal swim (Pmax) before and after taper were measured. After taper, SF and Pmax improved 3.6 and 1.6%, respectively (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations (p < 0.05) between SF and Pmax before (r = 0.86) and after (r = 0.83) the taper phase. Peak lactate concentrations after SF were unaltered before (6.79 ± 1.2 mM) and after (7.15 ± 1.8 mM) TP. Results showed that TP improved mean swimming velocity, but not in the same proportion as force after taper, suggesting that there are other factors influencing performance in faster swimming. © 2007 National Strength & Conditioning Association.

Phonological remediation program in students with developmental dyslexia

Background: program for phonological remediation in developmental dyslexia. Aim: to verify the efficacy of a program for phonological remediation in students with developmental dyslexia. Specific goals of this study involved the comparison of the linguistic-cognitive performance of students with developmental dyslexia with that of students considered good readers; to compare the results obtained in pre and post-testing situations of students with dyslexia who were and were not submitted to the program; and to compare the results obtained with the phonological remediation program in students with developmental dyslexia to those obtained in good readers. Method: participants of this study were 24 students who were divided as follows: Group I (GI) was divided in two other groups - Gle with 6 students with developmental dyslexia who were submitted to the program; and Glc with 6 students with developmental dyslexia who were not submitted to the program; Group II (GII) was also divided in two other groups - GIIe with 6 good readers who were submitted to the program, and GIIc with 6 good readers who were not submitted to the program. The phonological remediation program (Gonzalez & Rosquete, 2002) was developed in three stages: pre-testing, training and post-testing. Results: results indicate that GI presented a lower performance in phonological skills, reading and writing when compared to GII in the pre-testing situation. However, GIe presented a similar performance to that of GII in the post-testing situation, indicating the effectiveness of the phonological remediation program in students with developmental dyslexia. Conclusion: this study made evident the effectiveness of the phonological remediation program in students with developmental dyslexia.

Physical exercise modulates peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the effect of physical exercise on the peripheral levels of BDNF in elderly individuals. Method: We conducted a search in PsycINFO, Biological Abstracts, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Science Direct from 1990 to 2011, using the following keywords: physical exercise , physical activity , physical therapy , training , BDNF , neuroplasticity , neurotrophins , neuroplasticity proteins , aged , older , elderly The articles were considered for inclusion in the review if they were studies with elderly, assessed peripheral (serum and/or plasma) BDNF and evaluated an acute exercise or chronic exercise (training). Results: Five randomized controlled trial and one randomized non-controlled trial studies were analyzed. Five out of six studies reported a significantly higher BDNF response to aerobic acute exercise and to aerobic or strength training program in healthy elderly and elderly with different pathologies. Conclusion: It was not possible to establish a recommendation protocol for the type and intensity of physical exercise required to produce an increase in levels BDNF. However, physical exercise, particularly, moderate-intensity exercises seem to be more effective to promote increase the peripheral levels of BDNF in the elderly. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Validation of the lactate minimum test as a specific aerobic evaluation protocol for table tennis players

The purpose of this study was to validate the lactate minimum test as a specific aerobic evaluation protocol for table tennis players. Using the frequency of 72 balls·min-1 for 90 sec, an exercise-induced metabolic acidosis was determined in 8 male table tennis players. The evaluation protocol began with a frequency of 40 balls·min-1 followed by an increase of 8 balls·min-1 every 3 min until exhaustion. The mean values that corresponded to the subjects' lactate minimum (Lacmin) were equal to 53.1 ± 1.5 balls·min-1 [adjusted for the time test (Lacmin_time)] and 51.6 ± 1.6 balls·min-1 [adjusted for the frequency of balls (Lacmin_Freq)], which resulted in a high correlation between the two forms of adjustment (r = 0.96 and (P = 0.01). The mean maximum lactate steady state (MLSS) was 52.6 ± 1.6 balls·min-1. Pearson's correlations between Lacmin_time vs. MLSS and Lacmin_freq vs. MLSS were statistically significant (P = 0.03 and r = 0.86, P = 0.03 and r = 0.85, respectively). These findings indicate that the Lacmin test predicts MLSS. Therefore, it is an excellent method to obtain the athletes' anaerobic threshold. Also, there is the advantage that it can be performed in 1 day in the game area. However, the Lacmin value does not depend on the Lacpeak value.

Relação entre aliança terapêutica e o recrutamento muscular do Transverso Abdominal e Oblíquo Interno em pacientes com lombalgia crônica não específica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Formação contínua em serviço: construção de um conceito a partir do estudo de um programa desenvolvido no município de Andradina - SP

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Sustentabilidade e gestão ambiental no município de Moju/PA: desafios para a produção do biodiesel

O conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e sua operacionalização emergem como uma necessidade de pensar em novas formas de mensurar o crescimento, daí o surgimento dos “Indicadores de Sustentabilidade”, criados para medir a sustentabilidade de um sistema, baseado em índices de diversas variáveis que apontam para a sustentabilidade ou não de uma região. Na Amazônia e no Estado do Pará, pouco se tem aplicado ferramentas de análise de sustentabilidade em suas mais diversas dimensões. Recentemente nesta região, foram criados os “Pólos de Produção do Biodiesel” através da Política Nacional de Produção do Biodiesel – PNPB e neste sentido, destaca-se o Município de Moju, no Pará, como um dos maiores produtores de dendê. Apesar da enorme expansão de cultivo de dendezeiro neste município, há dúvidas sobre a capacidade de Moju de receber uma política pública como essa, que se configura em novas territorialidades e novas dinâmicas sociais, econômicas e ambientais e trazem imensos desafios, que requerem uma capacidade de gestão ambiental forte. Dessa forma, o estudo dedica-se a analisar o nível de sustentabilidade do município de Moju e a capacidade de gestão ambiental deste município. Foram realizadas entrevistas e busca de dados secundários e para a análise de sustentabilidade usou-se como ferramenta de avaliação o Barômetro da Sustentabilidade. Observou-se que este município tende a baixa sustentabilidade com poucos avanços socioeconômicos e ambientais, o que denota a fragilidade do município nas questões socioambientais. Em geral, o município possui habilitação para exercer a gestão ambiental plena, ou seja, apresenta uma estrutura administrativa considerada desejável, porém sua estrutura operacional ainda é deficitária ou ineficaz, o que trará certamente problemas para a condução do PNPB.

Crioimersão pós-exercício: desfechos sobre variáveis biológicas, clínicas e metabólicas a partir de diferentes temperaturas e tempos de aplicação

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

The psychobiological model: a new explanation to intensity regulation and (in)tolerance in endurance exercise

The mechanisms underpinning fatigue and exhaustion, and the specific sources of exercise-endurance intensity regulation and (in)tolerance have been investigated for over a century. Although several scientific theories are currently available, over the past five years a new framework called Psychobiological model has been proposed. This model gives greater attention to perceptual and motivational factors than its antecedents, and their respective influence on the conscious process of decision-making and behavioral regulation. In this review we present experimental evidences and summarize the key points of the Psychobiological model to explain intensity regulation and (in)tolerance in endurance exercise. Still, we discuss how the Psychobiological model explains training-induced adaptations related to improvements in performance, experimental manipulations, its predictions, and propose future directions for this investigative area. The Psychobiological model may give a new perspective to the results already published in the literature, helping scientists to better guide their research problems, as well as to analyze and interpret new findings more accurately.

Exercise domain profile through pulmonary gas exchange response during kendo practice by men

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Exercise training decreases mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-3 expression and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis in obese mice

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Benefits of Multimodal Exercise Intervention for Postural Control and Frontal Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Controlled Trial

Objective To verify the effects of a systematized multimodal exercise intervention program on frontal cognitive function, postural control, and functional capacity components of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignNonrandomized controlled trial with pre- and posttraining tests in a training group and a control group.SettingKinesiotherapy program for seniors with AD, SAo Paulo State University.ParticipantsConvenience sample of older adults with AD (n=30) were assigned to a training (n=14; aged 78.67.1) and a control (n=16; aged 77.06.3) group.InterventionThe intervention program was structured with the aim of simultaneously promoting better balance and frontal cognitive capacity. The participants attended a 1-hour session three times a week for 16weeks, whereas the control group did not participate in any activity during the same period.MeasurementsFrontal cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Clock Drawing Test, the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Symbol Search Subtest. Postural control (center of pressure area) was analyzed under four dual-task conditions. Functional capacity components were analyzed using the Timed Up and Go Test, the 30-second sit-to-stand test, the sit-and-reach test, and the Berg Functional Balance Scale.ResultsIntervention group participants showed a significant increase in frontal cognitive function (P<.001, partial (2)=0.838), with less body sway (P=.04, partial (2)=0.04) during the dual tasks, and greater functional capacity (P=.001, partial (2)=0.676) after the 16-week period.ConclusionIntervention participants performed better on dual-task activities and had better postural balance and greater functional capacity than controls.

Exercise increases the angiotensin II effects in isolated portal vein of trained rats

Training in rats adapts the portal vein to respond vigorously to sympathetic stimuli even when the animal is re-exposed to exercise. Moreover, changes in the exercise-induced effects of angiotensin II, a potent venoconstrictor agonist, in venous beds remain to be investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of angiotensin II in the portal vein and vena cava from sedentary and trained rats at rest or submitted to an exercise session immediately before organ bath experiments. We found that training or exposure of sedentary animals to a single bout of running exercise does not significantly change the responses of the rat portal vein to angiotensin II. However, the exposure of trained animals to a single bout of running exercise enhanced the response of the rat portal vein to angiotensin II. This enhancement appeared to be territory-specific because it was not observed in the vena cava. Moreover, it was not observed inendothelium-disrupted preparations and in preparations treated with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl esterhydrochloride, indomethacin, BQ-123 or BQ-788. These data indicate that training causes adaptations in the rat portal vein that respond vigorously to angiotensin II even upon re-exposure to exercise. This increased response to angiotensin II requires an enhancement of the vasocontractile influence of endothelin beyond the influence of nitric oxide and vasodilator prostanoids.