Patterns of food acquisition in Brazilian households and associated factors: a population-based survey

Objective: To identify food acquisition patterns in Brazil and relate them to the sociodemographic characteristics of the household. Design: A cross-sectional national Household Budget Survey (HBS). Principal component factor analysis was used to derive food patterns (factors) on the basis of the acquisition of food classified into thirty-two food groups. Setting: The source of data originates from the 2002-2003 HBS carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics between June 2002 and July 2003 using a representative sample of all Brazilian households. Subject: A total of 48 470 households allocated into 443 strata of households that were geographically and socio-economically homogeneous as a study unit. Results: We identified two patterns of food acquisition. The first, named `dual`, was characterized by dairy, fruit, fruit juice, vegetables, processed meat, soft drinks, sweets, bread and margarine, and by inverse correlations with Brazilian staple foods. In contrast, the second pattern, named `traditional`, was characterized by rice, beans, manioc, flour, milk and sugar. The `dual` pattern was associated with higher household educational level, income and the average age of adults on the strata, whereas the `traditional` presented higher loadings in less-educated households and in the rural setting. Conclusions: Dietary patterns described here suggest that policies and programmes to promote healthy eating need to consider that healthy and non-healthy foods may be integral in the same pattern.

Essential role of nuclear factor-kappa B for NADPH oxidase activity in normal and anhildrotic ectodermal dysplasia leukocytes

This work investigated the functional role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) in respiratory burst activity and in expression of the human phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase genes CYBB, CYBA, NCF1, and NCF2. U937 cells with a stably transfected repressor of NF-kappa B (IKB alpha-S32A/S36A) demonstrated significantly lower superoxide release and lower CYBB and NCF1 gene expression compared with control U937 cells. We further tested Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells from patients with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID), an inherited disorderof NF-kappa B function. Superoxide release and CYBB gene expression by EDA-ID cells were significantly decreased compared with healthy cells and similar to cells from patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X91 degrees CGD). NCF1 gene expression in EDA-ID S321 cells was decreased compared with healthy control cells and similar to that in autosomal recessive (A47 degrees) CGD cells. Gel shift assays demonstrated loss of recombinant human p50 binding to a NF-kappa B site 5` to the CYBB gene in U937 cells treated with NF-kappa B inhibitors, repressor-transfected U937 cells, and EDA-ID patients cells. Zymosan phagocytosis was not affected by transfection of U937 cells with the NF-kappa B repressor. These studies show that NF-kappa B is necessary for CYBB and NCF1 gene expression and activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in this model system.

Power Management Controls

In an office building in the US the office equipment uses about 7% of the total electricity use. Eventhough this is a low number, there is still a reason to save more energy, especially since one third of theenergy savings are lost when power management is not enabled.The core in the project ���Power Management Controls��� is to develop a voluntary standard, The UserInterface Standard, that manufacturers of office equipment can use as a reference when they developnew equipment and design new interfaces. The interface is an important part of the use of powermanagement and doing this should increase the use of power management and save more energy. Theinterfaces are ofter hidden or inconsistent and confusing, which makes it harder for the user tounderstand power management. A more consistent interface makes it easier for the user to understandthe meaning of an interface and power management itselfThe standard consists of six different parts, which describe what can be done to achieve a consistentinterface. The standard also describes the part of the project called Dynamic Behavior. This part isconcentrating on the interfaces and the behavior of the device over time, which is important for the userto understand.The purpose of this degree project is to study and participate in the project ���Power ManagementControls���, and to understand what is being done to save more energy.

Passive crosslaminated timber buildings : Final report Cerbof-project no. 76

In this project, Stora Enso���s newly developed building system has been further developed to allow building to the Swedish passive house standard for the Swedish climate. The building system is based on a building framework of CLT (Cross laminated timber) boards. The concept has been tested on a small test building. The experience gained from this test building has also been used for planning a larger building (two storeys with the option of a third storey) with passive house standard with this building system. The main conclusions from the project are: ��� It is possible to build airtight buildings with this technique without using traditional vapour barriers. Initial measurements show that this can be done without reaching critical humidity levels in the walls and roof, at least where wood fibre insulation is used, as this has a greater capacity for storing and evening out the moisture than mineral wool. However, the test building has so far not been exposed to internal generation of moisture (added moisture from showers, food preparation etc.). This needs to be investigated and this will be done during the winter 2013-14. ��� A new fixing method for doors and windows has been tested without traditional fibre filling between them and the CLT panel. The door or window is pressed directly on to the CLT panel instead, with an expandable sealing strip between them. This has been proved to be successful. ��� The air tightness between the CLT panels is achieved with expandable sealing strips between the panels. The position of the sealing strips is important, both for the air tightness itself and to allow rational assembly. ��� Recurrent air tightness measurements show that the air tightness decreased somewhat during the first six months, but not to such an extent that the passive house criteria were not fulfilled. The reason for the decreased air tightness is not clear, but can be due to small movements in the CLT construction and also to the sealing strips being affected by changing outdoor temperatures. ��� Long term measurements (at least two years) have to be carried out before more reliable conclusions can be drawn regarding the long term effect of the construction on air tightness and humidity in the walls. ��� An economic analysis comparing using a concrete frame or the studied CLT frame for a three storey building shows that it is probably more expensive to build with CLT. For buildings higher than three floors, the CLT frame has economic advantages, mainly because of the shorter building time compared to using concrete for the frame. In this analysis, no considerations have been taken to differences in the influence on the environment or the global climate between the two construction methods.

Building a Learning Architecture : e-Learning and e-Services

With the rapid advancement of the webtechnology, more and more educationalresources, including software applications forteaching/learning methods, are available acrossthe web, which enables learners to access thelearning materials and use various ways oflearning at any time and any place. Moreover,various web-based teaching/learning approacheshave been developed during the last decade toenhance the capability of both educators andlearners. Particularly, researchers from bothcomputer science and education are workingtogether, collaboratively focusing ondevelopment of pedagogically enablingtechnologies which are believed to improve theinfrastructure of education systems andprocesses, including curriculum developmentmodels, teaching/learning methods, managementof educational resources, systematic organizationof communication and dissemination ofknowledge and skills required by and adapted tousers. Despite of its fast development, however,there are still great gaps between learningintentions, organization of supporting resources,management of educational structures,knowledge points to be learned and interknowledgepoint relationships such as prerequisites,assessment of learning outcomes, andtechnical and pedagogic approaches. Moreconcretely, the issues have been widelyaddressed in literature include a) availability andusefulness of resources, b) smooth integration ofvarious resources and their presentation, c)learners��� requirements and supposed learningoutcomes, d) automation of learning process interms of its schedule and interaction, and e)customization of the resources and agilemanagement of the learning services for deliveryas well as necessary human interferences.Considering these problems and bearing in mindthe advanced web technology of which weshould make full use, in this report we willaddress the following two aspects of systematicarchitecture of learning/teaching systems: 1)learning objects ��� a semantic description andorganization of learning resources using the webservice models and methods, and 2) learningservices discovery and learning goals match foreducational coordination and learning serviceplanning.

O project finance no financiamento de empreendimentos em saneamento b��sico no Brasil

A situa����o atual dos sistemas de saneamento b��sico no Brasil, bem como o quadro regulat��rio e institucional do setor, s��o o resultado de conturbados antecedentes e de pol��ticas descont��nuas, determinadas por aspectos conjunturais e pela altern��ncia entre momentos de maior e menor disponibilidade de recursos. A privatiza����o e a concess��o de servi��os oferece perspectivas concretas de redefini����o da trajet��ria de evolu����o do setor, com o estabelecimento de um padr��o mais constante e regular de crescimento dos ��ndices de cobertura e de moderniza����o dos sistemas e das t��cnicas de gest��o. A l��gica do investimento privado implica na orienta����o pelo lucro e na configura����o de estruturas de menor risco para os recursos comprometidos com o empreendimento. O project finance �� uma t��cnica de financiamento que permite a reparti����o de riscos entre os participantes, reduzindo parcelas individuais e, conseq��entemente, agregando maior atratividade ao neg��cio. O presente estudo ter�� por objetivo analisar o setor de saneamento b��sico e o project finance, buscando identificar as possibilidades e os impactos presum��veis da introdu����o e difus��o da t��cnica como alternativa de financiamento para o setor no Brasil.

Hierarquia, igualdade e diferen��a : lutas por reconhecimento no sul do Brasil

Este estudo busca investigar as l��gicas da a����o em cooperativas de produ����o e associa����es de catadores de lixo no bojo de processos de reestrutura����o econ��mica que n��o somente precarizam as condi����es de emprego, mas tamb��m implicam em processos de desassalariamento da for��a de trabalho. Tomando como perspectiva anal��tica a sociologia da experi��ncia de Fran��ois Dubet, decompomos as l��gicas da a����o de trabalhadores com inser����o social distinta, ou seja, um primeiro grupo caracterizado por uma cultura oper��ria e sindical e um segundo grupo caracterizado por um processo de dissocia����o em rela����o ao mundo do trabalho formal. Neste sentido, procurou-se investigar: a) as formas de inser����o e integra����o sociais configuradas pelas rela����es de solidariedade, b) a dimens��o da racionalidade estrat��gica de cada grupo traduzida nas lutas por reconhecimento, e, c) os processos de subjetiva����o expressos na afirma����o identit��ria de cada coletivo de trabalhadores. Ou seja, quais as condi����es de possibilidade da ruptura com as hierarquias que organizam e estruturam o universo de coletivos de trabalhadores com origens sociais t��o diversas quando confrontados com o princ��pio meta-social da igualdade? Noutras palavras, quando compelidos com a necessidade de organizar uma cooperativa ou associa����o, enquanto alternativa palp��vel de subsist��ncia, os trabalhadores se deparam com um contexto bem diverso da situa����o de assalariamento. Com efeito, a experi��ncia associativa ir�� implicar que a ades��o �� cooperativa ou associa����o deve ser livre e volunt��ria e que a gest��o e os processos de delibera����o devem ser democr��ticos. A partir da pesquisa de campo verificou-se um processo de subjetiva����o marcado por estrat��gias distintas nas cooperativas e associa����es: enquanto nas cooperativas a ades��o dos trabalhadores era caracterizada por uma certa ambival��ncia entre o compromisso com o projeto de constru����o da cooperativa e uma postura pautada por um certo pragmatismo tipificado por um campo de poss��veis restrito no tocante as alternativas de inser����o social, nas associa����es de catadores de lixo verificou-se um processo de ruptura com os padr��es de sociabilidade prim��ria acentuadamente hierarquizados a partir da participa����o das mulheres nas associa����es, bem como um efetivo compromisso com o projeto associativo. Na esfera da a����o coletiva, a constitui����o de cooperativas a partir de empresas em situa����o falimentar revelou uma nova estrat��gia sindical marcada por uma a����o defensiva ante os processos de reestrutura����o econ��mica que eliminam postos de trabalho. J��, na a����o coletiva das associa����es constatou-se um movimento de luta pelo reconhecimento de direitos e recupera����o da cidadania. Tal movimento �� caracterizado por uma l��gica do respeito possuindo uma dupla inflex��o, ou seja, por um lado busca romper no ��mbito da esfera privada com a domina����o masculina expressa num c��digo de honra, cuja conseq����ncia mais dram��tica se traduz na viol��ncia dom��stica, e por outro lado se constata um movimento em dire����o �� esfera p��blica a partir da articula����o de uma associa����o com um movimento social traduzindo desta maneira a reivindica����o pelo reconhecimento da dignidade de indiv��duos sujeitos a todo tipo de reconhecimento recusado.

Cinema e educa����o :interfaces, conceitos e pr��ticas docentes

This project goes beyond the interfacial field of cinema, History and education. We take as our object the epistemological potential of the cinema at the educational scenario, specifically the use of films integrated to the practices of History teachers and educative processes in which we have taken part as a builder. Our objective is to map, initially, the knowledge around this use to search a synthesis and its empirical application. From the methodological point of view, we have made use of different perspectives: (a) interviews with the educator subjects; (b) observation of their practices and formative circumstances; (c) filmic analysis and the relation of the cinema s epistemology with the other areas ones (initially History and further Journalism). Our analysis allowed us to portrait the film such as an epistemological-troubling category, what makes the cinema rather a builder technology and not simply a complementary and illustrative technological resource. Therefore, we have realized that the restriction to the cinema s educational function is linked to the restrictions to the theoretical categories to an only interfacial aspect: historical film as a film which portraits the past (at the historical field) and film on journalism as a film which approaches a single object of Journalism (at the journalistic field). These discussions happen, consequently, at the arena of the nature of cinema s genres (fiction and documentary), which are understood in a na��ve way, simpler than its epistemological possibilities, boosted at this research when we analyze the confluence between fiction and reality. The reflections on educative practices and in formation related to the cinema had occurred in three empirical realities: research with professors in performance, practices docent s and accompaniment of students of history. Have to do with our personal career as a teacher and researcher and, when analyzed other practices, have become, unavoidably, the subject and object of this project

Portable smart films for ultrasensitive detection and chemical analysis using SERS and SERRS

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia transformation in a child with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, type 1 neurofibromatosis and monosomy of chromosome 7 - Possible implications in the leukemogenesis

This report describes the case of an 8-month-old infant with a diagnosis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and type I neurofibromatosis that presented progression to B lineage acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The same rearrangement of gene T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) was detected upon diagnosis of JMML and ALL, suggesting that both neoplasias may have evolved from the same clone. Our results support the theory that JMML may derive from pluripotential cells and that the occurrence of monosomy of chromosome 7 within a clone of cells having an aberrant neurofibromatosis type 1 (NFI) gene may be the cause of JMML and acute leukemia. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the maxilla of a child: A rare case report

Lymphoblastic lymphoma is a malignant neoplasia that originates from B or T lymphocyte precursors and rarely occurs in the mouth. The authors report a rare case of B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the maxilla of a child. Clinical examination revealed facial asymmetry with a swelling of the right maxilla, covered by healthy mucosa and painful to palpation. Radiographic examination revealed a poorly defined radiolucent lesion. Based on the hypothesis of malignant neoplasia of hematopoietic origin, an incisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed malignant neoplasia with proliferation of monomorphic, lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for leucocyte common antigen (LCA), CD 10, CD20, CD79, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). After the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, the patient underwent chemotherapy, but died of leukoencephalopathy and demyelinization caused by high doses of methotrexate.

LiNbO3 thin films prepared through polymeric precursor method

Thin films of lithium niobate were deposited on (100) silicon by the polymeric precursor method (Pechini method). Annealing in static air was performed at 500degreesC for 3 h. The films obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrical characterization of the films pointed to ferroelectricity via hysteresis loop. The dielectric constant, dissipation factor and resistance were measured in the frequency region from 10 Hz to 10 MHz. At 1 MHz, the dielectric constant was 46 and the dissipation factor was 0.043. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Heart rate variability in healthy adolescents at rest

Objective: to describe the cardiac autonomic function in healthy adolescents between 13 and 18 years old. Methods: data from 93 adolescents, of both sexes, were analyzed; they were divided into three groups according to age. Group A 13-14 years old (n=26), Group B 15-16 years old (n = 30) and Group C 17-18 years old (n = 17). The protocol consisted of raising the heart rate, beat by beat for twenty minutes of rest in supine position with spontaneous breathing. The cardiac autonomic behavior analysis was performed by the method of heart rate variability (HRV) through the indices of the Poincar�� plot (SD1, SD2 and ratio SD1/SD2) and its qualitative analysis and indices in linear time domain (RMSSD and SDNN) and frequency (LFnu, HFnu and LF/HF). One-way ANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between groups, with a significance level of 5%. Results: there was no significant difference in none of the indices compared the three groups. In addition,visual analysis of Poincar�� plot has observed for all age groups large dispersion of RR intervals, indicating that these groups have good HRV. Conclusion: there were no changes in HRV in the different age groups analyzed, however the result allowed to establish a standard for each group that was studied, becomes an important tool for comparison of cardiac autonomic function between healthy and patients subjects or in different areas.

Influ��ncia do v��rus da hepatite B na infec����o cr��nica pelo v��rus da hepatite C: perfil das s��ricas e histopatologia hep��tica

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Establishing social statistical databases for evidenced-based social policy formulation in the Caribbean

Includes bibliography