Geodynamics of the Andaman - Sumatra - Java Trench - Arc System Based on Gravity and Seismotectonic Study

This work aims to study the variation in subduction zone geometry along and across the arc and the fault pattern within the subducting plate. Depth of penetration as well as the dip of the Benioff zone varies considerably along the arc which corresponds to the curvature of the fold- thrust belt which varies from concave to convex in different sectors of the arc. The entire arc is divided into 27 segments and depth sections thus prepared are utilized to investigate the average dip of the Benioff zone in the different parts of the entire arc, penetration depth of the subducting lithosphere, the subduction zone geometry underlying the trench, the arctrench gap, etc.The study also describes how different seismogenic sources are identified in the region, estimation of moment release rate and deformation pattern. The region is divided into broad seismogenic belts. Based on these previous studies and seismicity Pattern, we identified several broad distinct seismogenic belts/sources. These are l) the Outer arc region consisting of Andaman-Nicobar islands 2) the back-arc Andaman Sea 3)The Sumatran fault zone(SFZ)4)Java onshore region termed as Jave Fault Zone(JFZ)5)Sumatran fore arc silver plate consisting of Mentawai fault(MFZ)6) The offshore java fore arc region 7)The Sunda Strait region.As the Seismicity is variable,it is difficult to demarcate individual seismogenic sources.Hence, we employed a moving window method having a window length of 3—4° and with 50% overlapping starting from one end to the other. We succeeded in defining 4 sources each in the Andaman fore arc and Back arc region, 9 such sources (moving windows) in the Sumatran Fault zone (SFZ), 9 sources in the offshore SFZ region and 7 sources in the offshore Java region. Because of the low seismicity along JFZ, it is separated into three seismogenic sources namely West Java, Central Java and East Java. The Sunda strait is considered as a single seismogenic source.The deformation rates for each of the seismogenic zones have been computed. A detailed error analysis of velocity tensors using Monte—Carlo simulation method has been carried out in order to obtain uncertainties. The eigen values and the respective eigen vectors of the velocity tensor are computed to analyze the actual deformation pattem for different zones. The results obtained have been discussed in the light of regional tectonics, and their implications in terms of geodynamics have been enumerated.ln the light of recent major earthquakes (26th December 2004 and 28th March 2005 events) and the ongoing seismic activity, we have recalculated the variation in the crustal deformation rates prior and after these earthquakes in Andaman—Sumatra region including the data up to 2005 and the significant results has been presented.ln this chapter, the down going lithosphere along the subduction zone is modeled using the free air gravity data by taking into consideration the thickness of the crustal layer, the thickness of the subducting slab, sediment thickness, presence of volcanism, the proximity of the continental crust etc. Here a systematic and detailed gravity interpretation constrained by seismicity and seismic data in the Andaman arc and the Andaman Sea region in order to delineate the crustal structure and density heterogeneities a Io nagnd across the arc and its correlation with the seismogenic behaviour is presented.

The economics of tea plantations in South India

Thc tea industry in lndia is going through a period of crisis. The crisis in brought about mainly by cost caculation and declining or stagnant prices. The impact of the present crisis is felt most by the owners of tea plantations in Kcrala . The present study assumes significance due to the fact that the critic which already affected Keralas tea industry is now threatening to extend to other tea-growing areas in south India. Today, ensuring a favourablc price to the producers via-a-via possibilities or reducing the cost of production through increase in productivity of land and labour are the main considerations. The main purpose of the study is to analyse the factors behind the crisis as well as exploring immediate and long-term measures for the sustained growth of the industry.

Teak plantations in kerala an analysis of productivity and profitability

Teak plantations were initiated in Kerala in 1842, and extended almost continuously. Among plantations raised by the Forest Department, teak occupies the largest area and a substantial asset base has been created. Of late, several teak growing private companies have come up offering investors high returns from their plantations. However, no study has been carried out in Kerala on the economic status of teak plantations in the government forests and prospects of investing in teak plantation ventures in the private sector. The present study is relevant in presenting the productivity status of teak plantations in government forests in Kerala and its commercial profitability. This will be useful to the government for planning management strategies and investment priorities. The study will also serve as a base—line information for comparative studies.

Employment and Income of Workers on Indonesian Oil Palm Plantations: Food Crisis at the Micro Level

The importance of oil palm sector for Indonesia is inevitable as the country currently serves as the world’s largest producer of crude palm oil. This paper focuses on the situation of workers on Indonesian oil palm plantations. It attempts to investigate whether the remarkable development of the sector is followed by employment opportunities and income generation for workers. This question is posed within the theoretical framework on the link between trade liberalisation and labour rights, particularly in a labour-intensive and low-skilled sector. Based on extensive field research in Riau, this paper confirms that despite the rapid development of the oil palm plantation sector in Indonesia, the situations of workers in the sector remain deplorable, particularly their employment status and income. This also attests that trade liberalisation in the sector adversely affects labour rights. The poor working conditions also have ramifications for food security at the micro level.

Efectos en las Relaciones Internacionales de Colombia y Alemania a raíz de la cotización en las bolsas mundiales de Café de Colombia Juan Valdez

Estudio de caso en el cual se analizan los posibles efectos en las relaciones internacionales de Colombia y Alemania a raíz del proceso de cotización en bolsas mundiales de Café de Colombia Juan Valdez.

Analysis and regeneration of hypermedia contents through Java and XML tools

This paper presents a tool for the analysis and regeneration of Web contents, implemented through XML and Java. At the moment, the Web content delivery from server to clients is carried out without taking into account clients' characteristics. Heterogeneous and diverse characteristics, such as user's preferences, different capacities of the client's devices, different types of access, state of the network and current load on the server, directly affect the behavior of Web services. On the other hand, the growing use of multimedia objects in the design of Web contents is made without taking into account this diversity and heterogeneity. It affects, even more, the appropriate content delivery. Thus, the objective of the presented tool is the treatment of Web pages taking into account the mentioned heterogeneity and adapting contents in order to improve the performance on the Web

Las Denominaciones de Origen como estrategia para mejorar el posicionamiento de productos agroalimentarios colombianos : caso del café y el banano

El objeto de esta investigación es proponer la implementación del mecanismo de denominaciones de origen para el banano y el café colombianos, como estrategia para mejorar su competitividad en los mercados internacionales, determinando cuáles son los beneficios que otorga la implementación de dicho mecanismo en Colombia y cuáles serían las medidas y reglamentos legales necesarios para su aplicación a nivel interno con el fin de lograr aumentar el posicionamiento de nuestros productos en los mercados internacionales.

Projecte d'una indústria elaboradora de cafè situada al terme municipal de Celrà (Gironès)

Disseny i posada en marxa d’una indústria productora i envasadora de cafè torrat. La indústria s’ubicarà al polígon industrial del terme municipal de Celrà a la comarca del Gironès, en una propietat del promotor, dotada amb bones comunicacions de carretera, ferrocarril i avió, i a més es troba situada a prop de nuclis urbans importants com Girona i Barcelona. Per tant per la seva localització i les bones infrastructures existents hi haurà un bon accés per la recepció de les matèries primeres i per la distribució dels productes acabats. La indústria es dissenya per a garantir una capacitat productiva de 850 tones l’any de producte acabat, essent les necessitat anuals de cafè verd i cafè torrefacte de 961.404 kg i 48.875 kg respectivament. Es produirà cafè natural, cafè mescla (natural més torrefacte) i cafè descafeïnat, mòlt o en gra. El 90% d’aquesta producció es destinarà a l’hostaleria, on el paper de les multinacionals no és tant representatiu, fet que provoca que el mercat sigui més estable i atractiu per introduir els productes que elaborarà la indústria. El 10% restant es destinarà a les llars, bàsicament per donar a conèixer la marca de cafès de la indústria projectada

Jmodels: Java models of earth system regulation

The JModel suite consists of a number of models of aspects of the Earth System. They can all be run from the JModels website. They are written in the Java language for maximum portability, and are capable of running on most computing platforms including Windows, MacOS and Unix/Linux. The models are controlled via graphical user interfaces (GUI), so no knowledge of computer programming is required to run them. The models currently available from the JModels website are: Ocean phosphorus cycle Ocean nitrogen and phosphorus cycles Ocean silicon and phosphorus cycles Ocean and atmosphere carbon cycle Energy radiation balance model (under development) The main purpose of the models is to investigate how material and energy cycles of the Earth system are regulated and controlled by different feedbacks. While the central focus is on these feedbacks and Earth System stabilisation, the models can also be used in other ways. These resources have been developed by: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton project led by Toby Tyrrell and Andrew Yool, focus on how the Earth system works.

Lecture 2 - Java

Programming Overview The JVM (The Java Virtual Machine) A brief look at Structure Class Method Statement Magic incantations main() output Coding a Dog Programming Principle(1) If and Boolean operations Coding a Bank Account Quick look at ToolBox

Diagnóstico y solución del proceso de exportación de café, vía marítima

Este trabajo es un acercamiento de cómo se lograría un adecuado proceso de exportación de café, vía marítima. Para ello se desarrollaron las siguientes fases. Como primera fase para la elaboración de este trabajo, se realizó una recopilación de información acerca de las características principales del café en Colombia. La segunda fase se basó en el análisis del proceso general que se debe realizar para poder exportar el café en Colombia, a nivel de documentación, tramitología y logística. Para la tercera fase, se realizó un diagnóstico de la cadena de distribución física internacional del café. Por último, como cuarta fase se procedió a generar las posibles soluciones y recomendaciones. Lo anterior, con el fin de que el café Colombiano, pueda competir en mercados internacionales, al mejorar el proceso logístico.

Java computer modelling of the Earth System

The JModel suite consists of a number of models of aspects of the Earth System. The Java programmes model in detail aspects of the cycles of some major biogeochemical elements that exemplify the range of geochemical processes in marine environments.

Java Applets for teaching quantum mechanics: Particle in a box

These Java Applets help to illustrate some of the difficult to grasp concepts of quantum mechanics. To run this Applet, use the 'Download as zip files' option. Make sure you extract the files first, then double click on the .html file to run the Applet. These are released as open access resources for the purpose of testing, and are to be deployed at the users own risk. Please report any errors you find.

Java Applets for teaching quantum mechanics: Particle in a 2D box

These Java Applets help to illustrate some of the difficult to grasp concepts of quantum mechanics. To run this Applet, use the 'Download as zip files' option. Make sure you extract the files first, then double click on the .html file to run the Applet. These are released as open access resources for the purpose of testing, and are to be deployed at the users own risk.

Java Applets for teaching quantum mechanics: Particle in a well

These Java Applets help to illustrate some of the difficult to grasp concepts of quantum mechanics. To run this Applet, use the 'Download as zip files' option. Make sure you extract the files first, then double click on the .html file to run the Applet. These are released as open access resources for the purpose of testing, and are to be deployed at the users own risk.