Estudi comparatiu per ala millora dels resultatsdels traductorsautomàtics de l’empresaAutomaticTrans

Aquest treball pretén millorar els resultats dels traductors automàtics de l’empresa AutomaticTrans i la traducció a l’agència de notícies EuropaPress mitjançant la comparació d’un corpus de notícies en castellà amb la corresponent traducció al català per dos traductors automàtics: l’ATS1, utilitzat per EuropaPress, i l’ATS4, l’última versió del traductor

Elephant grass genotypes for bioenergy production by direct biomass combustion

The objective of this work was to evaluate elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes for bioenergy production by direct biomass combustion. Five elephant grass genotypes grown in two different soil types, both of low fertility, were evaluated. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Agrobiologia field station in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. The design was in randomized complete blocks, with split plots and four replicates. The genotypes studied were Cameroon, Bag 02, Gramafante, Roxo and CNPGL F06-3. Evaluations were made for biomass production, total biomass nitrogen, biomass nitrogen from biological fixation, carbon/nitrogen and stem/leaf ratios, and contents of fiber, lignin, cellulose and ash. The dry matter yields ranged from 45 to 67 Mg ha-1. Genotype Roxo had the lowest yield and genotypes Bag 02 and Cameroon had the highest ones. The biomass nitrogen accumulation varied from 240 to 343 kg ha-1. The plant nitrogen from biological fixation was 51% in average. The carbon/nitrogen and stem/leaf ratios and the contents of fiber, lignin, cellulose and ash did not vary among the genotypes. The five genotypes are suitable for energy production through combustion.

Formation of a direct arterial blood supply to the anterior pituitary gland following complete or partial interruption of the hypophyseal portal vessels

If regions of the anterior pituitary gland received systemic blood via a direct arterial blood supply these regions would escape hypothalamic regulation and thus be a sequela in endocrine disorders. Since, in the untreated rat, all of the blood supply to the anterior pituitary gland is via the hypophyseal portal vessels, we hypothesized that partial interruption of the portal vessels could provoke the establishment of a direct arterial blood supply (arteriogenesis). We utilized the injection of polystyrene microspheres (15 or 9 micron diameter) into the left ventricle of the heart to test this hypothesis. Microspheres are trapped in the first capillary plexus they reach since they are too large to traverse the capillaries. No microspheres reached the anterior pituitary gland of control rats, a finding consistent with the fact that the anterior pituitary gland receives all of its blood supply via the hypophyseal portal blood vessels. Microspheres were observed in the primary portal capillary plexus in the infundibulum (median eminence), infundibular stalk (pituitary stalk), and infundibular process (pars nervosa), the first capillary plexus which they reached. A lesion of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) which destroyed the long portal vessels did not result in arteriogenesis since few, if any, microspheres were observed in the anterior pituitary gland. We confirmed, using vascular casts, that these lesions resulted in the long-term destruction of the primary portal capillaries in the infundibulum and of the long portal vessels. In MBH-lesioned animals it appears that all of the blood supply of the anterior pituitary gland is via short portal vessels arising from the infundibular stem and process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2014 Bowhunter Observation Survey, January 2015

The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) solicited responses from bow hunters for the annual Bowhunter Observation Survey

Impact of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems on soil nematodes in a long-term experiment in Madagascar

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of conventional tillage and of different direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) on soil nematofauna characteristics. The long-term field experiment was carried out in the highlands of Madagascar on an andic Dystrustept soil. Soil samples were taken once a year during three successive years (14 to 16 years after installation of the treatments) from a 0-5-cm soil layer of a conventional tillage system and of three kinds of DMC: direct seeding on mulch from rotation soybean-maize residues; direct seeding of maize-maize rotation on living mulch of silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum); direct seeding of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)-soybean rotation on living mulch of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). The samples were compared with samples from natural fallows. The soil nematofauna, characterized by the abundance of different trophic groups and indices (MI, maturity index; EI and SI, enrichment and structure indices), allowed the discrimination of the different cropping systems. The different DMC treatments had a more complex soil food web than the tillage treatment: SI and MI were significantly greater in DMC systems. Moreover, DMC with dead mulch had a lower density of free-living nematodes than DMC with living mulch, which suggested a lower microbial activity.

FY15 Enrich Iowa Report Direct State Aid Funding Use & Impacts from Iowa Public Libraries, January 12, 2016

This report details the amount and use of Enrich Iowa funding Iowa libraries received for the Direct State Aid program. Annually, Iowa libraries are required to report on the use of this funding in set categories, but libraries are also given the opportunity to provide comments or stories on the impacts of these funds. The right column includes the comments submitted by Iowa libraries.

Feasibility of direct mapping of cerebral fluorodeoxy-D-glucose metabolism in situ at subcellular resolution using soft X-ray fluorescence.

Glucose metabolism is difficult to image with cellular resolution in mammalian brain tissue, particularly with (18) fluorodeoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). To this end, we explored the potential of synchrotron-based low-energy X-ray fluorescence (LEXRF) to image the stable isotope of fluorine (F) in phosphorylated FDG (DG-6P) at 1 μm(2) spatial resolution in 3-μm-thick brain slices. The excitation-dependent fluorescence F signal at 676 eV varied linearly with FDG concentration between 0.5 and 10 mM, whereas the endogenous background F signal was undetectable in brain. To validate LEXRF mapping of fluorine, FDG was administered in vitro and in vivo, and the fluorine LEXRF signal from intracellular trapped FDG-6P over selected brain areas rich in radial glia was spectrally quantitated at 1 μm(2) resolution. The subsequent generation of spatial LEXRF maps of F reproduced the expected localization and gradients of glucose metabolism in retinal Müller glia. In addition, FDG uptake was localized to periventricular hypothalamic tanycytes, whose morphological features were imaged simultaneously by X-ray absorption. We conclude that the high specificity of photon emission from F and its spatial mapping at ≤1 μm resolution demonstrates the ability to identify glucose uptake at subcellular resolution and holds remarkable potential for imaging glucose metabolism in biological tissue. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Amphibian albumins as members of the albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, vitamin D-binding protein multigene family.

The Xenopus laevis 68-kd and 74-kd albumin amino acid sequences are examined with respect to their relationship to the other known members of the albumin/alpha-fetoprotein/vitamin D-binding protein gene family. Each of the three members of this family presents a unique pattern of conserved regions indicating a differential selective pressure related to specific functional characteristics. Furthermore, an evolutionary tree of these genes was deduced from the divergence times calculated from direct nucleotide sequence comparisons of individual gene pairs. These calculations indicate that the vitamin D-binding protein/albumin separation occurred 560-600 million years (Myr) ago and the albumin/alpha-fetoprotein divergence 280 Myr ago. This observation leads to the hypothesis according to which the albumin/alpha-fetoprotein gene duplication occurred shortly after the amphibian/reptile separation. Consequently, and unlike mammals, amphibians and fishes should lack an alpha-fetoprotein in their serum at larval stages, which is consistent with a recent analysis of serum proteins in Xenopus laevis larvae. This hypothesis now will have to be tested further in additional lower vertebrates.

Pregabalin in patients with primary brain tumors and seizures: a preliminary observation.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with brain tumors and seizures should be treated with non-enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AED). Some of the newer drugs seem particularly suited in these patients. METHODS: Here we describe our experience with pregabalin (PGB); its effectiveness was retrospectively studied in nine consecutive patients with primary brain tumors and seizures. RESULTS: Six subjects had secondarily generalized and three simple partial seizures. Patients mostly suffered from WHO grade IV gliomas. PGB replaced enzyme inducing, inefficacious or bad tolerated AED, as add-on or monotherapy. Median follow-up was 5 (2-19) months; three patients died of their tumor. Daily median dosage was 300 mg. All subjects experienced at least a 50% seizure reduction, six were seizure-free. Side effects were reported in four patients, leading to PGB discontinuation in two. CONCLUSION: PGB appears to have a promising effectiveness in this setting, even as a monotherapy. Based on these results we embarked on a prospective controlled trial.

Direct Care Worker in Nursing Facilities Turnover Report, December 2015

The 2008 general assembly acknowledged in House File (HF) 2539, Section 71 that employee turnover rates in nursing facilities should be documented but also recognized that this information was not currently being collected. The department was directed to modify the nursing facility cost report to capture information on the turnover rates of direct care and other employees of nursing facilities. The department was also required to submit a report on an annual basis to the governor and general assembly which provides an analysis of direct care worker and other nursing facility employee turnover by individual nursing facility, a comparison of the turnover rate in each individual nursing facility with the state wide average, and an analysis of any improvement or decline in meeting any accountability goals or other measures related to turnover rates. The annual report was to include any data available regarding turnover rate trends, and other information the department deemed appropriate.

Glucocorticoids exert direct toxicity on microvasculature: analysis of cell death mechanisms.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are routinely administered systemically or injected into the eye when treating numerous ocular diseases; however, their toxicity on the retinal microvasculature has not been previously investigated. In this article, the effects of hydrocortisone (Hydro), dexamethasone, dexamethasone-phosphate and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) were evaluated in vitro on human skin microcirculation cells and, bovine endothelial retinal cells, ex-vivo, on flat mounted rat retinas. The degree of GCs induced endothelial cell death varied according to the endothelial cell type and GCs chemical properties. GCs toxicity was higher in skin microvascular endothelial cells and for hydrophobic GC formulations. The mechanism of cell death differed between GCs, Hydro and TA activated the leukocyte elastase inhibitor/L-DNase II pathways but did not activate caspases. The mechanisms of cell death observed in cell cultures were similar to those observed in rat retinal explants. Taken together these results indicate that particular attention should be paid to the potential vascular side effects when administrating GCs clinically and in particular when developing sustained-release intraocular devices.

Burnout en la profesión enfermera: una aproximación bibliométrica inicial

Objetivo: obtener datos del estado de la investigación sobre burnout en profesionales de la Enfennerfa desde 1952 hasta el año 2011. Método: búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de la literatura relevante publicada sobre el burnout de las enfermeras hasta diciembre del 2011. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: PubMed (Medline), BVSalud Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Biblioteca Complutense de Madrid, Trip Database, DOAJ (Directory ofOpen Acces Journals), ENFlSPO, BioMed, Cochrane, Dialnet, Gopubmed, Psyke: catálogo de artículos sobre psicología en español, Highwire Standford University, Science Direct, SciELO, Cinahl, Cuiden, Cuidatge y Wylley-Blackwell. Resultados y conclusiones: se obtuvieron 4.506 artículos. La media de producción anual durante los 60 años analizados fue de 75,l, presentó unos niveles bajos durante los primeros años y no fue hasta 1981 cuando la producción aumentó de manera importante. El análisis de la productividad por autores revela que la mayor parte de los mismos solamente han publicado un artículo durante este periodo, y solo un 22% del total han producido más de diez artículos durante este periodo. El grupo de las diez revistas más productivas representa el 21,4% de la producción total de artículos incluidos en el estudio. El 68,l% proceden de revistas de Enfermería.

Burnout en la profesión enfermera: una aproximación bibliométrica inicial

Objetivo: obtener datos del estado de la investigación sobre burnout en profesionales de la Enfennerfa desde 1952 hasta el año 2011. Método: búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de la literatura relevante publicada sobre el burnout de las enfermeras hasta diciembre del 2011. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: PubMed (Medline), BVSalud Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Biblioteca Complutense de Madrid, Trip Database, DOAJ (Directory ofOpen Acces Journals), ENFlSPO, BioMed, Cochrane, Dialnet, Gopubmed, Psyke: catálogo de artículos sobre psicología en español, Highwire Standford University, Science Direct, SciELO, Cinahl, Cuiden, Cuidatge y Wylley-Blackwell. Resultados y conclusiones: se obtuvieron 4.506 artículos. La media de producción anual durante los 60 años analizados fue de 75,l, presentó unos niveles bajos durante los primeros años y no fue hasta 1981 cuando la producción aumentó de manera importante. El análisis de la productividad por autores revela que la mayor parte de los mismos solamente han publicado un artículo durante este periodo, y solo un 22% del total han producido más de diez artículos durante este periodo. El grupo de las diez revistas más productivas representa el 21,4% de la producción total de artículos incluidos en el estudio. El 68,l% proceden de revistas de Enfermería.

Burnout en la profesión enfermera: una aproximación bibliométrica inicial

Objetivo: obtener datos del estado de la investigación sobre burnout en profesionales de la Enfennerfa desde 1952 hasta el año 2011. Método: búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de la literatura relevante publicada sobre el burnout de las enfermeras hasta diciembre del 2011. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: PubMed (Medline), BVSalud Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Biblioteca Complutense de Madrid, Trip Database, DOAJ (Directory ofOpen Acces Journals), ENFlSPO, BioMed, Cochrane, Dialnet, Gopubmed, Psyke: catálogo de artículos sobre psicología en español, Highwire Standford University, Science Direct, SciELO, Cinahl, Cuiden, Cuidatge y Wylley-Blackwell. Resultados y conclusiones: se obtuvieron 4.506 artículos. La media de producción anual durante los 60 años analizados fue de 75,l, presentó unos niveles bajos durante los primeros años y no fue hasta 1981 cuando la producción aumentó de manera importante. El análisis de la productividad por autores revela que la mayor parte de los mismos solamente han publicado un artículo durante este periodo, y solo un 22% del total han producido más de diez artículos durante este periodo. El grupo de las diez revistas más productivas representa el 21,4% de la producción total de artículos incluidos en el estudio. El 68,l% proceden de revistas de Enfermería.