816 resultados para MALDI-TOF
Resumo:
本学位论文首先报道了为解决低极性化合物的电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)分析难题而建立的一种衍生化分析方法;然后从色谱-质谱联用分析、分离纯化和结构鉴定等方面分别报道了几种中藏药材的活性成分研究。论文由下述六章组成: 第一章报道了盐酸羟胺衍生化方法在电喷雾质谱 (ESI-MS) 分析中的应用。该方法利用盐酸羟胺和羰基成肟的快速反应,建立了针对三萜酮等含酮或醛羰基低极性化合物的ESI-MS 信号增强技术。此方法不仅可应用于增强羰基化合物的ESI-MS 质谱信号,还可检测化合物中羰基的个数以及辨别涉及羰基官能团的同分异构体。此外,通过简单的氧化反应,还可将该方法拓展到三萜醇、甾醇等含羟基的低极性化合物,增强它们的ESI-MS 信号。对比已报道的相关ESI-MS 增强质谱信号的衍生化方法,此方法有经济、实用、快速和简便的显著特点。 第二章是关于野生羌活及其栽培品种化学成分的色谱-质谱联用分析。对不同产地野生羌活生长过程中活性成分的动态变化、野生羌活不同形态部位和人工栽培羌活中的活性成分含量进行了HPLC 定量分析。结果表明主要活性成分羌活醇和异欧前胡素都随生长期存在规律性变化,羌活不同形态部位中的活性成分含量也有明显不同。这些实验结果有些较好地印证了传统中医的用药理论,有些也对羌活的传统使用方法提出了新的建议。 第三章介绍了几种传统中藏药材的色谱-质谱联用及串联质谱分析。通过GC-MS 方法,从藏药材长花党参挥发油中共分离鉴定出45 个化合物;利用HPLC方法测定了该藏药材中的主要化学成分——木犀草素的含量(0.7%);利用串联质谱技术,对西番莲和射干中的主要成分进行了快速鉴定,从西番莲中鉴定了4个黄酮碳苷;从不同产地的射干和川射干中鉴定了8 个主要异黄酮成分,其中包括一个未见报道的化合物。 第四章的内容为藏药材石莲叶点地梅的活性成分研究。从植物石莲叶点地梅(Androsace integra (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz.) 乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分共分离和鉴定了6 个化合物,利用MS 和NMR 等现代波谱学技术阐明了它们的结构:其中包括4 个三萜类化合物:分别是androsacin (1)、 ardisiacrispin A (2) 、saxifragifolin A (3) 和20(29)-lupen-3-one (4);一个神经酰胺:4-羟基-Δ8,9(Z)-鞘氨醇-2'-羟基正二十四碳酸酰胺(5);一个甾体类化合物:胡萝卜苷(6)。化合物1为新的13,28-epoxy-oleanane 型三萜皂苷,在其结构表征的过程中,采用LC-MS 进行糖分析,获得了值得推广的好结果。通过活性筛选发现化合物1~3 对HepG2肝癌细胞表现出不同程度的抑制活性,其中化合物2 活性最好,其IG50 为1.65μg/mL。 第五章是关于一些传统中藏药材的农药活性筛选。利用Syngenta 公司的活性筛选平台对68 种传统中藏药材醇提物进行了抗菌和除草的生物源农药活性筛选。结果表明所筛选的68 种植物提取物中,共有14 种样品表现出明显的除草/杀虫活性,其中水母雪莲花、松萝和茯神木等植物提取物还具有多种生物活性。活性成分还有待进一步追踪分离、纯化和结构鉴定。 第六章为文献综述,概述了羌活药材的研究进展。对羌活属及药用羌活植物从分类学、本草学、品质评价、人工栽培、化学成分及药理作用等方面进行了文献归纳和总结。 In this dissertation, an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) signal enhancement method, as well as the work of bioactive components study, HPLC-MS/MS application, bioassay screening, chromatograph separation and structure identification of the metabolites in several medicinal herbs have been reported. First chapter expounded a rapid, simple ESI-MS sensitivity enhancement method for detecting carbonyl groups in natural products has been developed by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) as a derivatization reagent. We use the oxime formed during the derivatization reactions and its Beckmann rearrangement intermediates as a means of detecting the carbonyl groups originally present in these triterpenoids. In comparison with other derivatization methods in the literature, this method is simple, specific and can be used to detect carbonyl groups in triterpenoids which have low polarity and are poorly or non-ionizable. Moreover, it can also be used to detect hydroxyl groups by using the Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) to convert primary and secondary hydroxyls into carbonyl groups. Chapter 2 reported an HPLC-MS method for analyzing the main bioactive compounds in both wild and cultured Notopterygium incisum. The results indicated that the main bioactive compounds varied through different seasons regularly, and in different commercial parts of this herb the content of these compounds also differed from each other. The quantitative analysis results showed that in the traditional commercial parts, the content of main chemical constitutes in Silkworm Notopterygium, Bamboo Notopterygium and Irregular-nodal Notopterygium are higher than that in Striped Notopterygium. This result is tally with the traditionally concept that the quality of Notopterygium, Bamboo Notopterygium and Irregular-nodal Notopterygium are better than that of Striped Notopterygium, which means that the quality of rhizomes is better than main roots. The chemical constituents of cultured N. incisum is reported for the first time in this dissertation and the analysis results showed some growth curves of chemical constituents in this plant, but still left some questions unanswered. Chapter 3 discussed the GC/LC-MS analysis of the traditional Chinese medicines Codonopsis thalictrifolis, Passiflora incarnate, Belamcanda chinensis and Passiflora incarnate. The main constituent, luteolin was isolated and identified from the traditional Tibet medicine of C. thalictrifolis. The quantitative analysis by HPLC has revealed that the content of luteolin in this herb is 0.7%. GC-MS was employed to analyzed chemical constituents of the essential oil from the flower of C. thalictrifolis. More than 60 peaks were detected and 45 of them were identified by comparing their spectra with that of the standards in the database and literatures. ESI-MS/MS was used to analyze the n-butanol extract of Passiflora incarnate. Based on the information of pseudo molecular ions and fragment ions of the glycosides, four major flavone-C-glycosides have been detected and identified as 7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, vitexin, swertisin and orientin. The isoflavone compounds in theextracts of three samples of B. chinensis collected in Gansu, Sichuan and Hunan, and the extract of Iris tectorum collected in Sichuan were analyzed by using TOF-HRMS and IT-MS. From the extracts of these herbs, a new isoflavone, identified as 5’,5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-3’4’-dimethoxyl isoflavon, and 7 known ones have been identified by analyzing the fragmentation patterns and their molecular formulas given by HRMS and the tandem mass spectrometry acquired by IT-MS. Chapter 4 elucidated the isolation and identification of a new triterpene saponin, androsacin (1), along with five known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the whole plants of Androsace integra (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz., an herb used in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine. The chemical structure of the new compound was established as 3β-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16α-hydroxy-13β,28-epoxy-olean-30-al by analyzing its MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. Compound 2 was cytotoxic toward HepG2 cancer cell with the GI50 value of 1.65 μg/mL. Chapter 5 described the biogenic pesticide activity screening of 68 traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine extractions. The intention of this study is to explore bioactive natural compounds from these traditional medicinal herbs for biogenic insecticides use. Based on Syngenta’s bioassay, 14 extractions of these traditional medicines showed pesticide activities, and some of them had multi-activities on antibacterial and insecticidal. Chapter 6 is a review on the chemical and bioactivity research progress of Notopterygium incisum and N. forbesii.
Resumo:
In this paper, we describe the structure and readout system of a two-dimension positional sensitive CsI(Tl) detector, and investigates the relation between energy lose and light output of the CsI(Tl) detector with secondary beams in intermediate energy.Bρ+(ΔE-TOF) method was used to distinguish the secondary beam.Linearity of the position signals of the CsI(Tl) was corrected.Energy signals from the CsI(Tl) detector were calibrated using the relationship of the Z, A and the light output response of the incid...中文摘要:描述了一种双维位置灵敏CsI(Tl)探测器的结构及其读出系统,用中能次级束研究其能损与光输出关系。使用Bρ+(ΔE-TOF)方法鉴别次级束,刻度了CsI(Tl)探测器位置信号的线性,并用其光输出与入射粒子的A、Z关系刻度其能量。结果表明,CsI(Tl)探测器输出信号的ADC读出与QDC读出(即其光输出)有很好的线性关系。
Resumo:
利用70 AMeV26Mg初级束流及其产生的次级束流,在兰州重离子加速器放射性次级束流线(RIBLL)终端测试了大面积闪烁光纤阵列探测器(LASFA)探测单元的时间分辨和位置分辨能力。利用70 AMeV26Mg初级束流测试得到的时间分辨约为128 ps,对应的位置分辨约为10 mm;利用次级束流测试得到的时间分辨约为158 ps,对应的位置分辨约为13 mm,具有很好的时间分辨和空间角分辨能力。结合RIBLL的ΔESi探测器,给出了ΔESi-TOF二维谱,并将测试结果与RIBLL的粒子鉴别系统进行详细比较。结果表明,大面积闪烁光纤阵列作为轻带电粒子的飞行时间终止探测器,性能优于RIBLL上采用的时间拾取探测器,可更清楚地鉴别次级束流。
Resumo:
兰州重离子加速器-冷却储存环外靶实验终端大型探测器中子墙和TOF墙分别共有504个和360个通道用于测量中子和带电粒子的飞行时间,需要高精度时间测量的读出电子学系统。研制的8通道读出电子学模块采用了前沿定时的时间测量方法、基于TOT技术的电荷测量方法和PXI总线平台,电子学测试结果显示时间测量精度好于25ps。
Resumo:
兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环HIRFL-CSR,是一个多用途、多功能的双冷却储存环同步加速器系统,由主环CSRm和实验环CSRe构成,并以兰州重离子级联回旋加速器HIRFL作注入器。CSR利用高频变谐波的方法,将重离子束的能量从7~25 MeV/u同步加速到200~1 000 MeV/u,同时利用重离子储存环中空心电子束冷却技术将束流品质提高1个数量级,并通过储存环的快引出及慢引出,提供多种类的重离子束以及放射性次级束(RIBs),以开展范围更广精度更高的物理实验。该装置于2007年投入运行,已取得了重要的运行结果,如实现了剥离注入与多圈注入、空心电子束对重离子束的冷却与累积、变谐波宽能区同步加速、等时性环型谱仪、RIBs的产生收集与ToF高分辨质量测量以及高能重离子束的变能慢引出等。
Resumo:
采用位置灵敏探测器和散射离子 反冲离子飞行时间技术测量了 90 0keV的Sq + +H2 碰撞产生的H+ 碎片的能量分布 ,实验表明部分Hr+ 2 发生解离。基于蒙特卡罗方法 ,建立了程序模拟离子与分子碰撞中的反冲离子飞行时间谱。模拟结果与实验 (S2 + +H2 ,S2 + +He)测量到的TOF谱进行了分析比较 ,并进行了定性讨论。
Resumo:
基于蒙特卡罗方法 ,建立了程序模拟离子与原子碰撞中的反冲离子飞行时间谱。模拟入射离子束的空间密度分布 ,原子束密度的空间分布 ,靶原子的初速度分布 ,根据反应几率产生不同电荷态反冲离子 ,并求出反冲离子飞行时间后 ,对每次模拟事件根据飞行时间进行累计 ,就得到反冲离子的飞行时间谱。模拟结果与实验 (Ar12 + -Ar)测量到的TOF谱进行了分析比较 ,并进行了定性讨论。
Resumo:
报道了一种在束测量β+ 延发粒子的方法。由新建成的兰州放射性次级束流线 (RIBLL )提供的2 0 Na次级束 ,利用飞行时间 (TOF)和能损 (ΔE)符合的方法实现 2 0 Na次级束流的在束鉴别与调制。将数据获取过程分为有束和停束两个获取时段 ,分别完成对次级束流和β+ 延发粒子的记录。同时利用脉冲发生器和计数器实现2 0 Na延发粒子衰变半衰期的测量
Resumo:
描述了一种用于RIBLL粒子鉴别的阳极分别在X、Y方向分条 ,共用阴极 ,纵向场双叠层气体电离室的结构和工作原理。用 3组分α源对电离室进行能量刻度得到其相对能量分辨对2 4 1Amα源约为 3.4 9%。通过在RIBLL上测量 80MeV/u2 0Ne +58Ni反应次级产物碎片 ,得到ΔE与TOF两维分布图 ,并根据粒子鉴别原理测得A/Z =2时的Z分布和Ne、O、N、C的同位素分布。
Resumo:
报道了 30 Me V/u4 0 Ar+112 ,12 4 Sn反应中余核的测量方法和结果。对反应中的余核、裂变碎片以及类弹粒子在平行板雪崩计数器中的不同响应以及各自的几何探测效率进行了 Monte- Carlo模拟。利用平行板雪崩计数器 ,通过 TOF-ΔE的关联成功地鉴别了余核 ,并得到了反应的线性动量分布 ,余核的分布与模拟计算的结果基本一致
Resumo:
描述了RIBLL上使用的飞行时间探测器、ΔE探测器和能量探测器。通过它们可以获得反应产物的飞行时间、ΔE和能量 ,从而达到粒子鉴别的目的。并对在RIBLL上实际调束得到的实验结果进行分析 ,验证了这些探测器的可靠性
Resumo:
在兰州放射性束流装置 RIBLL上 ,利用磁刚度 Bρ、飞行时间 t TOF和多重望远镜ΔE- E联合探测方法测量了 69Me V/u36Ar轰击 Be靶产生的 P同位素碎片的同位素分布 ,并与 EPAX经验公式的计算结果进行了比较 ,在质子滴线区首次鉴别出了新核素 2 5P.
Resumo:
During the last years FOPI has developed a new ToF system as an upgrade of the existing detector based on Multi-strip Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MMRPCs). The intention is to increase the charged Kaon identification up to a laboratory momentum of 1 GeV/c and to enhance the azimuthal detector granularity. The new ToF barrel has an active area of 5 m(2) with 2400 individual strips (900 x 1.6 mm(2)) [A. Schuttauf, et al., Nucl. Phys. B 158 (2006) 52] which are read out on both sides by a custom designed electronics [M. Ciobanu, et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-54 (4) (2007) 1201; K. Koch, et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-52(3) (2005) 745]. To reach the envisaged goal a time resolution of 100 ps is needed, at a flight path of 1-1.3 m. Due to the rare production of the K- at SIS energies the efficiency of the MMRPCs has to be above 95%. We report on measurements with the detectors and electronics from the mass production line. For this purpose we used a proton beam at 2.0 and 1.25 GeV, at rates between 0.1 and 5 kHz/cm(2) to determine the timing, efficiency and rate capability of the MMRPCs
Resumo:
Tumor radiotherapy was a promising modality and over 100 years. Beams of heavy-charged particles show high RBE advantages and become the optimum tool for tumors therapy. Newly, along with the development of accelerators, scintillators, micro-electronics and computers, the heavy ion tumor therapy has been recognized more and developed.
Resumo:
随着国家大科学工程兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)建成,CSRm实验探测系统也正在建设当中。CSRm实验探测系统由外靶系统和内靶系统构成。外靶系统主要有γ探测器、多丝漂移室(MWDC)、ToF墙(ToF Wall)、中子墙(Neutron Wall)等探测器组成,主要用于核物理研究。其中,用于探测中子的中子墙探测器是外靶系统中的一个重要组成部分,它有252个探测单元,每一个探测器单元都要求既有很好的能量分辨,也要有很好的时间分辨,同时还要求数据获取率达到每秒几千个事件。对于这样先进的探测器和大型实验探测系统采用传统的电子学仪器和方法已经无法构成读出电子学系统,建造与之相配的读出电子学系统是极为重要的和亟待解决的工作。为此,我们设计研发适合于中子墙探测器这样的大型闪烁体探测器的前端电子学读出系统。包括三大部分:16道电荷幅度转换电路(QAC),16道时间幅度转换电路(TAC)和有效信号判断电路。本论文的主要内容如下:在第一章绪论中,介绍了论文课题的出发点以及课题的意义,并对课题的背景进行了介绍。第二章介绍我们所自行设计的中子墙探测器的特点、结构。分析了中子墙探测器的输出信号的特点以及对后续前端电子学读出系统的要求。第三章是本论文两大核心部分之一,是本论文的创新点所在。主要介绍了我们电荷幅度转换的新方法,结合通常的QAC电路方法和具体的实际情况,我们自行提出了一种新的QAC电路,包括以下几个部分:差分输入电路、电流分割、上下恒流源、门控电流积分器。我们的创新点在于,我们用上下恒流源分别代替了通常QAC中作为电流分配的电流镜像和作为电流基准的电阻,这样一来更容易得到比较稳定的偏置电流,从而能够得到更高的转换精度。第四章是本论文的另外一个核心部分,首先我们论述了核电子学时间测量的几种方法,在对它们进行对比后,结合中子墙的实际特点,我们确定了采用起停型的TAC方法。然后介绍了TAC的原理,以及具体的电路结构。第五章主要的内容是对我们整个电路的逻辑电路进行了详细的介绍,它包括16道QAC和16道TAC的积分控制信号和泄放控制信号的产生电路以及有效信号判断电路。详细论述了这些逻辑关系以及如何在CPLD实现,并且给出了仿真结果。第六章详细讨论了我们在设计PCB板时遇到的问题及其解决方法。第七章介绍了多路QAC和多路TAC主要指标及其测试方法、步骤、结果并给出了误差分析。在总结部分我们回顾了我们整个工作的过程,介绍了论文的主要成果和创新点以及对于整个CSR工程的意义。本论文的创新点: 1、提出了一种新型的QAC电路。 2、将16道QAC和16道TAC以及有效信号判断电路集成在一个插件中提高了电路的集成度,并为最终集成在一片ASIC芯片中打下坚实的基础。 3、用可编程逻辑器件代替ECL器件来构建逻辑电路,降低了功耗和成本并提高了系统的可靠性