Caracteriza����o f��sico-qu��mica de filmes comest��veis de amido adicionado de acerola (Malphigia emarginata D.C.)

Edibles films are an alternative to synthetic materials used for packing food products. Barbados cherry is rich in vitamin C and carotenoids. The aim of this study was to characterize and develop films by casting from cassava starch, lyophilized Barbados cherry pulp and glycerol. The films were characterized with respect to thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility, vitamin C, carotene and mechanical properties. The interaction of pulp and glycerol reduced film thickness. An increase in pulp concentration up to 60% increased WVP but beyond this concentration reduced both WVP and solubility leading to an increased level of vitamin C and β carotene in the films.

O uso da mitomicina C em cirurgia combinada

Purpose: To analyze the efficacy and safety of intraope-rative mitomycin C (MMC) in combined procedures (extra-capsular cataract extraction + trabeculectomy). Methods: Twenty-four patients were randomized to either MMC (0.5 mg/ml) (n = 14) or saline solution (n = 10) for 3 minutes during the combined procedure. Results: Twelve months after surgery, mean IOP in the MMC group (13.2 �� 2.9 mmHg) was significantly lower than in the control group (16.3 �� 3.9 mmHg) (p = 0.02). The mean number of medications used during the 12-month follow-up in the control group (1.33 �� 0.5) was significantly higher than in the MMC-treated group (0.5 �� 0.5) (p = 0.005). Life table analysis showed a significantly higher probability of IOP control in the MMC group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Intraoperative MMC is safe and effective in pro-moting a better IOP control and reducing the need for postoperative antiglaucoma medications. We suggest intraope-rative MMC to be routinely employed in combined procedures.

Central retinal vein thrombosis as an initial manifestation of heterozygous protein C deficiency: case report

The purpose of this paper is to report a case of central retinal vein thrombosis associated with isolated heterozygous protein C deficiency. Acute occlusion of the central retinal vein presents as one of the most dramatic pictures in ophthalmology. It is often a result of both local and systemic causes. A rare systemic cause is heterozygous protein C deficiency, and it usually occurs in combination with other thrombophilic conditions. This case highlights that isolated heterozygous protein C deficiency may be the cause of central retinal vein thrombosis and underscores the importance of its screening in young patients with this ophthalmologic disease.

O papel do trabalho na transforma����o do homem em macaco : estudo sobre a disciplina no trabalho do jogador profissional do Sert��ozinho F. C

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

Atividade fisica e a rela����o com a qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depress��o em pessoas com sequelas de acidente vascular cerebral isquemico (AVCI)/ c Alberto Martins da Costa

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

New Guidelines Of Cerebral Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation By The American Heart Association (2005 - 2006) [novas Diretrizes De Reanima����o Cardiorrespirat��ria Cerebral Da Sociedade Americana De Cardiologia (2005 - 2006)]

No abstract available

Estabilidade oxidativa e microbiol��gica em carne de galinha mecanicamente separada e adicionada de antioxidantes durante per��odo de armazenamento a -18 &deg;C

Com o objetivo de acompanhar a estabilidade f��sico-qu��mica e microbiol��gica da carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de diferentes origens e estocada durante 99 dias a -18 &deg;C, foi realizada pr��via mistura de conservante (nitrito de s��dio) e antioxidante (eritorbato de s��dio) em CMS obtida de duas linhagens de aves: galinhas matrizes de corte e galinhas poedeiras comerciais brancas. Na CMS de cada linhagem foram realizados tr��s diferentes tratamentos: 1) controle (sem aditivos); 2) adi����o de 150 ppm de nitrito; e 3) adi����o de 150 ppm de nitrito e 500 ppm de eritorbato. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a adi����o de nitrito isoladamente n��o impediu a oxida����o lip��dica, avaliada atrav��s do ��ndice de TBARS, nem a altera����o na cor, avaliada em color��metro. Por outro lado, a adi����o de nitrito juntamente com eritorbato foi efetiva na redu����o dos problemas de oxida����o lip��dica na CMS de galinhas matrizes, e em menor grau, na CMS de poedeiras. A adi����o de nitrito e eritorbato na CMS tamb��m melhorou a preserva����o da cor vermelha desej��vel (a*) ao longo do tempo. A avalia����o da estabilidade microbiol��gica da CMS, realizada no primeiro e ��ltimo dia de estocagem congelada, para microrganismos mes��filos, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens e Pseudomonas spp., e quinzenalmente para microrganismos psicrotr��ficos, indicou que n��o houve uma varia����o significativa nas contagens em fun����o do tratamento utilizado (diferentes aditivos adicionados). N��o foi detectada Salmonella spp. em nenhuma das amostras analisadas. Em fun����o da melhoria da estabilidade oxidativa, recomenda-se a adi����o de nitrito (150 ppm) e eritorbato (500 ppm) em CMS de galinhas matrizes a ser estocada congelada por um per��odo prolongado.

Vitaminas D e C para poedeiras na fase inicial de produ����o de ovos

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de duas fontes de vitamina D e tr��s n��veis de vitamina C sobre as caracter��sticas de desempenho, a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos, os n��veis de c��lcio total e i��nico s��ricos e a resist��ncia ��ssea de poedeiras. Foram utilizadas 288 galinhas da linhagem ISA Babcock B300�� com 23 semanas de idade, durante um per��odo experimental de 12 semanas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 &#215; 3, com os fatores: fontes de vitamina D (colecalciferol e 25-hidroxicolecalciferol - 25(OH)D3) e de vitamina C (0, 100 e 200 ppm), totalizando seis tratamentos com oito repeti����es de seis aves. O n��vel basal de colecalciferol foi de 2.756 UI/kg, correspondendo a 5,51 g do produto comercial Hy.D��/t de ra����o, como fonte de 25(OH)D3. Os fatores estudados n��o influenciaram o consumo de ra����o, a produ����o, o peso e a massa de ovos. Observou-se efeito da intera����o de fontes de vitamina sobre a convers��o alimentar, que foi melhor quando utilizado metab��lito 25(OH)D3 na aus��ncia de vitamina C. Intera����es foram observadas para porcentagem de alb��men e porcentagem de gema, que aumentaram na presen��a de 200 ppm de vitamina C. O peso espec��fico dos ovos, as concentra����es de c��lcio s��rico, cinzas ��sseas e a resist��ncia �� quebra n��o foram influenciadas pelas fontes de vitamina D e C. Houve intera����o para porcentagem e espessura de casca, cujos maiores valores foram obtidos com a suplementa����o de vitamina C na presen��a de 25(OH)D3. Em poedeiras na fase inicial de produ����o, a convers��o alimentar �� melhor com a utiliza����o do 25(OH)D3 e a espessura e porcentagem de casca tamb��m melhoram com a utiliza����o de 25(OH)D3 e a suplementa����o de vitamina C nas dietas (100 ou 200 ppm, respectivamente).

Efeito da lavagem e da adi����o de aditivos sobre a estabilidade de carne mecanicamente separada de til��pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) durante estocagem a -18 ��C

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influ��ncia da lavagem e da adi����o de eritorbato de s��dio e tripolifosfato de s��dio na estabilidade de Carne Mecanicamente Separada (CMS) de til��pia de Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) durante 6 meses de armazenamento a -18 ��C. A CMS obtida por meio de m��quina separadora de carne e ossos foi dividida em quatro tratamentos (CMS lavada com e sem aditivos, e CMS n��o lavada com e sem aditivos) e mantida sob congelamento a -18 ��C, por 180 dias. A estabilidade foi avaliada por meio de an��lises microbiol��gicas e determina����es de nitrog��nio n��o proteico (NNP), bases nitrogenadas vol��teis (BNV), subst��ncias reativas ao ��cido tiobarbit��rico (TBARS), pH e drip (perda de ��gua no descongelamento). O processo de lavagem causou redu����o de aproximadamente 41, 44 e 66% nos teores de prote��na bruta, lip��dios e cinzas, respectivamente, reduzindo tamb��m os valores iniciais de NNP, BNV e TBARS. Durante o armazenamento, foram observados aumentos (p < 0,05) nos teores de NNP, BNV e pH em praticamente todos os tratamentos, exceto na CMS lavada com aditivos, que n��o apresentou aumentos significativos nos teores de NNP e pH. O uso de aditivos nas CMS diminuiu o drip ao longo do armazenamento, mas n��o alterou (p > 0,05) os teores de TBARS. Os par��metros microbiol��gicos avaliados n��o ultrapassaram os limites permitidos pela legisla����o. As CMS permaneceram est��veis e em boas condi����es de utiliza����o, independentemente da inclus��o de aditivo, sendo vi��vel sua estocagem a -18 ��C por 180 dias.

Phylogenetic analyses of Cladophora vagabunda (L.) C. Hoek (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from Brazil based on SSU rDNA sequences

The complete SSU rDNA was sequenced for 10 individuals of Cladophora vagabunda collected along the coast of Brazil. For C. rupestris (L.) K��tz. a partial SSU rDNA sequence (1634 bp) was obtained. Phylogenetic trees indicate that Cladophora is paraphyletic, but the section Glomeratae sensu lato including C. vagabunda from Brazil, Japan and France, C. albida (Nees) K��tz., C. sericea (Hudson) K��tz., and C. glomerata (L.) K��tz. is monophyletic. Within this group C. vagabunda is paraphyletic. The sequence identity for the SSU rDNA varied from 98.9% to 100% for the Brazilian C. vagabunda, and from 98.3% to 99.7% comparing the Brazilian individuals to the ones from France and Japan. Sequence identity of the Brazilian C. vagabunda to C. albida and C. sericea vary from 98.0% to 98.6%. The SSU rDNA phylogeny support partially the morphological characteristics presented by Brazilian populations of C. vagabunda. On the other hand, C. rupestris from Brazil does not group with C. rupestris from France, both sequences presenting only 96.9% of identity. The inclusion of sequences of individuals from Brazil reinforces the need of taxonomical revision for the genus Cladophora and for the complex C. vagabunda.

Deleterious effect of TRIS buffer on growth rates and pigment content of Gracilaria birdiae Plastino & E.C. Oliveira (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)

This work evaluated the effects of Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS) buffer and its interaction with nutrient concentration on the development of Gracilaria birdie, a common species on the Brazilian coast that has been exploited for agar production. Responses to different conditions were assessed through growth rates and pigment content (chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin). Provasoli's nutrient solution with and without TRIS addition was tested at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50%. The pH was also monitored. G. birdiae grew better in the absence of TRIS and at low nutrient concentrations, 12.5 and 25% (growth rates of 10.8-11.3%.day-1). Higher contents of phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a were observed without TRIS at 12.5 and 25% (Phycoerythrin, 649.6-698.0 &#956;g g-1 fresh biomass; Chlorophyll a, 156.0-168.6 &#956;g g-1 fresh biomass). These findings highlight the deleterious effect of TRIS on growth and phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a content. They also demonstrate the importance of appropriate nutrient concentration for laboratory cultures, depending on the intrinsic characteristics of each species.

Phenology of an agarophyte Gracilaria birdiae Plastino and E.C. Oliveira (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in Northeastern Brazil

The reproductive phenology and thallus length of Gracilaria birdiae were studied over a period of 12 months in a natural bed in Northeastern Brazil. Fertile specimens of G. birdiae were observed during the entire study period. Tetrasporophytes were the most common with an annual mean of 80.1��5.6%, followed by cystocarpic plants (9.3��3.4%), male gametophytes (8.3��3.6%) and infertile plants (2.2��3.4%). Only male gametophytes and infertile plants showed a variation in occurrence frequency during the year (p<0.05). With respect to thallus length, a distinct seasonal variation was observed for all reproductive stages (p<0.05), with the highest values recorded during the rainy season (March to August) and the lowest in the dry season (September to February). The results demonstrate that the size of individuals in this population is significantly affected by the periodic changes in the environment caused by rainfall regimes and hydrodynamism.

COL18A1 is highly expressed during human adipocyte differentiation and the SNP c.1136C > T in its "frizzled" motif is associated with obesity in diabetes type 2 patients

Collagen XVIII can generate two fragments, NC11-728 containing a frizzled motif which possibly acts in Wnt signaling and Endostatin, which is cleaved from the NC1 and is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Collagen XVIII and Wnt signaling have recently been associated with adipogenic differentiation and obesity in some animal models, but not in humans. In the present report, we have shown that COL18A1 expression increases during human adipogenic differentiation. We also tested if polymorphisms in the Frizzled (c.1136C>T; Thr379Met) and Endostatin (c.4349G>A; Asp1437Asn) regions contribute towards susceptibility to obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes (113 obese, BMI =30; 232 non-obese, BMI < 30) of European ancestry. No evidence of association was observed between the allele c.4349G>A and obesity, but we observed a significantly higher frequency of homozygotes c.1136TT in obese (19.5%) than in non-obese individuals (10.9%) [P = 0.02; OR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.07-3.73)], suggesting that the allele c.1136T is associated to obesity in a recessive model. This genotype, after controlling for cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, was independently associated with obesity (P = 0.048), and increases the chance of obesity in 2.8 times. Therefore, our data suggest the involvement of collagen XVIII in human adipogenesis and susceptibility to obesity.

Avalia����o da cicatriza����o de feridas em dorso de ratos tratados com mitomicina C t��pica e posterior refor��o com injet��vel

Estudo experimental em animais. A mitomicina C vem sendo usada como inibidor de fibroblastos, acarretando, com isso, diminui����o do processo cicatricial em feridas cir��rgicas. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho visa avaliar o uso de Mitomicina C para diminuir o processo cicatricial, atrav��s de seu uso t��pico com refor��os posteriores injet��veis. MATERIAL E M��TODOS: Foi usado um modelo de feridas em dorso de ratos, com retirada circular da pele e cicatriza����o por segunda inten����o. Foram usados 18 ratos, divididos em tr��s grupos: controle; com uso t��pico; e com refor��o de mitomicina C injet��vel, mensalmente e por 2 meses. Ap��s 3 meses os animais foram sacrificados e as cicatrizes retiradas cirurgicamente e submetidas a estudo histol��gico. RESULTADOS: Notou-se sob v��rios crit��rios que a cicatriza����o com o uso t��pico �� menos intensa, mas ao se usar o refor��o injet��vel os par��metros voltam a ser comparados ao do grupo controle. DISCUSS��O: Acreditamos que a administra����o injet��vel de mitomicina C nas cicatrizes, pela sua elevada caracter��stica t��xica, acarreta destrui����o tecidual e neoforma����o cicatricial. CONCLUS��ES: A mitomicina C diminui o processo cicatricial quando usada topicamente, mas acarreta aumento da cicatriza����o quando nestas feridas s��o feitos refor��os injet��veis.

��cido clavul��nico e cefamicina c: uma perspectiva da bioss��ntese, processos de isolamento e mecanismo de a����o

The present article reviews different aspects of the chemistry of two widely used &#946;-lactam antibiotics Clavulanic Acid and Cephamycin C. The article discusses important details of the biosynthesis of these compounds, their action mechanism and, principally, the methods employed in their isolation and purification, in accordance with the available literature. Despite the large quantity of available articles and patents concerning &#946;-lactam antibiotics, those which describe the isolation and purification of Clavulanic Acid and Cephamycin C are rare. Overall, the intention of this article is to discuss the up-to-date scientific research related to the compounds under review.