749 resultados para Interdisciplinary approach in education


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Effective and efficient implementation of intelligent and/or recently emerged networked manufacturing systems require an enterprise level integration. The networked manufacturing offers several advantages in the current competitive atmosphere by way to reduce, by shortening manufacturing cycle time and maintaining the production flexibility thereby achieving several feasible process plans. The first step in this direction is to integrate manufacturing functions such as process planning and scheduling for multi-jobs in a network based manufacturing system. It is difficult to determine a proper plan that meets conflicting objectives simultaneously. This paper describes a mobile-agent based negotiation approach to integrate manufacturing functions in a distributed manner; and its fundamental framework and functions are presented. Moreover, ontology has been constructed by using the Protégé software which possesses the flexibility to convert knowledge into Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema of Web Ontology Language (OWL) documents. The generated XML schemas have been used to transfer information throughout the manufacturing network for the intelligent interoperable integration of product data models and manufacturing resources. To validate the feasibility of the proposed approach, an illustrative example along with varied production environments that includes production demand fluctuations is presented and compared the proposed approach performance and its effectiveness with evolutionary algorithm based Hybrid Dynamic-DNA (HD-DNA) algorithm. The results show that the proposed scheme is very effective and reasonably acceptable for integration of manufacturing functions.

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Méthodologie: Modèle de régression quantile de variable instrumentale pour données de Panel utilisant la fonction de production partielle

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The scientific production, in the field of education, constantly refers to linkage as a special condition to develop research. However, its meaning and the way to achieve that condition are not always clear, particularly for those who are in a training stage of research in education. Meanwhile, the academic production reviewers consider linkage as a very important aspect and essential characteristic of any research project. This paper suggests that linkage involves an epistemological discussion on the research factors in each one of the research stages, such as the construction of the object of study, the definition of methodology, and the data analysis and interpretation, among the most important stages. Linkage takes shape in a written product showing the results from an orderly construction and communication of thought, according to the rules established in a particular field of knowledge.

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The purpose of this paper is to present the results of two online forums carried out with the participation of 42 students of the Licenciaturas  in Preschool Education, Primary Education and Secondary Education of the University of Costa Rica. The main purpose of the forums was to determine the insights of the participant students about the competencies they have achieved in the field of education research, and which have been the essential tools for them to systematize their own teaching practices. The discussion forums were part of the course FD5091 Métodos de Investigación Educativa [Education Research Methods] of the School of Teacher Education, delivered from March-April 2010.  Of the sample, 60 percent were students of the Preschool teaching program, 35 percent were from the Primary Education teaching program and 5 percent were from the Secondary Education teaching program in the fields of Science, Mathematics and Social Studies. According to the insights and beliefs showed by the participants –both, the future teachers and the profession practitioners–, there are no opportunities for research or systematization of their own teaching mediation, in the current work situation.(1) Translator’s Note: In Costa Rica, the “Licenciatura” is a one-year post-Bachelor study program, usually including thesis. “Primary Education” refers to students from the 1st to 6th grades, and “Secondary Education” refers to students from the 7th to 11th grades.

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A pressão humana sobre os serviços ecossistêmicos tem resultado em impactos indesejáveis sobre o bem-estar humano. Com o Projeto Millennium, várias pesquisas interdisciplinares têm sido desenvolvidas em todo o mundo com o objetivo de entender esses impactos sobre os fluxos e os processos dos ecossistemas e internalizar os custos e os benefícios dos serviços ecossistêmicos para a produção. O solo fornece muitos serviços ecossistêmicos, uma vez que sua multifuncionalidade é a base para a produção de alimentos, filtração de água, ciclagem de nutrientes e outros bens essenciais à vida. Este artigo apresenta os principais conceitos e classificações dos serviços ecossistêmicos do solo e de suas funções; os indicadores e os métodos de avaliação, modelagem e valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos; algumas aplicações recentes para avaliar impactos de práticas de manejo agrícola sobre os serviços ecossistêmicos do solo; bem como os desafios e as oportunidades para a pesquisa e para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas relacionadas à sustentabilidade agroambiental no Brasil. Apesar de o papel do solo para prestação de serviços ecossistêmicos ainda ser subestimado, os cientistas têm gradualmente reconhecido os processos e as funções do solo como fundamentais para avaliar os serviços ecossistêmicos e os efeitos do uso e manejo da terra sobre eles. Abordagens interdisciplinares que integrem ciência e políticas públicas são necessárias para construir uma governança com base em serviços ecossistêmicos

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Correlation between genetic parameters and factors such as backfat thickness (BFT), rib eye area (REA), and body weight (BW) were estimated for Canchim beef cattle raised in natural pastures of Brazil. Data from 1648 animals were analyzed using multi-trait (BFT, REA, and BW) animal models by the Bayesian approach. This model included the effects of contemporary group, age, and individual heterozygosity as covariates. In addition, direct additive genetic and random residual effects were also analyzed. Heritability estimated for BFT (0.16), REA (0.50), and BW (0.44) indicated their potential for genetic improvements and response to selection processes. Furthermore, genetic correlations between BW and the remaining traits were high (P > 0.50), suggesting that selection for BW could improve REA and BFT. On the other hand, genetic correlation between BFT and REA was low (P = 0.39 ± 0.17), and included considerable variations, suggesting that these traits can be jointly included as selection criteria without influencing each other. We found that REA and BFT responded to the selection processes, as measured by ultrasound. Therefore, selection for yearling weight results in changes in REA and BFT.

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It is widely acknowledged that effective asset management requires an interdisciplinary approach, in which synergies should exist between traditional disciplines such as: accounting, engineering, finance, humanities, logistics, and information systems technologies. Asset management is also an important, yet complex business practice. Business process modelling is proposed as an approach to manage the complexity of asset management through the modelling of asset management processes. A sound foundation for the systematic application and analysis of business process modelling in asset management is, however, yet to be developed. Fundamentally, a business process consists of activities (termed functions), events/states, and control flow logic. As both events/states and control flow logic are somewhat dependent on the functions themselves, it is a logical step to first identify the functions within a process. This research addresses the current gap in knowledge by developing a method to identify functions common to various industry types (termed core functions). This lays the foundation to extract such functions, so as to identify both commonalities and variation points in asset management processes. This method describes the use of a manual text mining and a taxonomy approach. An example is presented.

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This qualitative study examined collective learning within nursing clinical groups. Specifically, it explored the influence of the individual on the group and the impact of the group on the individual. The study was organized using the concepts from Debbie Kilgore's theory of collective learning (1999). The sample consisted of 1 8 second-year university nursing students and 3 clinical instructors. Data were collected via individual interviews with each participant and researcher's observations during a group conference. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using key concepts from Kilgore's framework. Several interesting findings emerged. Overall, it appeared that individual components and group components contributed to the quality and quantity of collective learning that occurred in the groups. Individually, each person's past group experiences, personality, culture, and gender influenced how that individual acted in the group, their roles, and how much influence they had over group decisions. Moreover, the situation which seemed to cause the greatest sense of helplessness and loss of control was when one of their group members was breaking a norm. They were unable to deal with such situations constructively. Also, the amount of sense of worthiness (respect) and sense of agency (control) the member felt within the group had an impact on the person's role in group decisions. Finally, it seemed that students felt more connected with their peers within the clinical setting when they were close with them on a personal and social level. With respect to the group elements, it seemed that the instructors' values and way of being were instrumental in shaping the group's identity. In group 2, there were clear examples of group consciousness and the students' need to go along with the majority viewpoint, even when it was contrary to their own beliefs. Finally, the common goal of passing clinical and dealing with the fears of being in the clinical setting brought solidarity among the group members, and there seemed to be a high level of positive interdependence among them. From the discussion and analysis of the findings, recommendations were given on how to improve the learning within clinical groups.

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Il y a quelques décennies, l’émergence du discours de la promotion de la santé infléchissait un nouveau tournant à la santé publique, orientant sa pratique vers l’action communautaire, participative et intersectorielle. Parallèlement, au Québec, la réforme du système de santé de 2004 réorganisait le niveau de gouverne locale à travers la création des centres de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS). Ceux-ci doivent articuler les secteurs des soins et de la santé publique à travers un continuum de services qui va de la promotion de la santé aux soins palliatifs. Ces changements ont des implications majeures pour les acteurs de la santé et de la santé publique, qui doivent composer avec de nouveaux rôles professionnels et de nouvelles stratégies d’action. Le développement professionnel est considéré comme un levier potentiel pour soutenir ces changements. En 2009, une équipe de la Direction de la santé publique de l’Agence de santé et des services sociaux de Montréal concevait un programme de développement professionnel appelé le Laboratoire de promotion de la santé. Ce programme mise sur une approche d’apprentissage de groupe pour permettre aux professionnels des CSSS de développer de nouvelles compétences, une pratique réflexive ainsi que de nouvelles pratiques de promotion de la santé. Basée sur une méthodologie générale qualitative et une approche d’évaluation collaborative, cette thèse utilise plusieurs stratégies d’investigation afin d’évaluer le Laboratoire de promotion de la santé sous trois angles, qui renvoient à sa conceptualisation, à son implantation et à ses effets. Plus spécifiquement, elle vise à : (1) examiner la plausibilité de la théorie d’intervention du programme; (2) décrire et comprendre les processus d’apprentissage d’équipe ainsi que les facteurs qui les influencent; et (3) explorer, du point de vue des participants, les effets réflexifs du Laboratoire. Afin de répondre à ces objectifs, la thèse mobilise diverses perspectives théoriques liées à l’apprentissage individuel, d’équipe et organisationnel. Les résultats des analyses démontrent que : (1) malgré quelques améliorations possibles, le modèle du programme est généralement bien conçu pour parvenir aux résultats visés; (2) l’implantation de ce modèle dans deux sites a donné lieu à des processus d’apprentissage d’équipe différents, bien que conditionnés par des facteurs communs liés aux participants, à l’équipe, au contexte organisationnel et à l’implantation du programme; (3) tel que visé, les participants des deux sites ont développé de la réflexivité vis-à-vis leur pratique et leur rôle professionnel – cette réflexivité adoptant une fonction formative ou critique en regard de l’expérience professionnelle. Ces résultats soulignent le potentiel que représente l’évaluation de la théorie d’intervention pour améliorer la conceptualisation d’un programme de développement professionnel, ainsi que l’intérêt et la pertinence d’évaluer les processus d’apprentissage au niveau de l’équipe dans le cadre d’une approche collective de développement professionnel. De plus, ils appuient l’importance de l’apprentissage réflexif pour l’amélioration des pratiques et l’engagement social des professionnels. En ce sens, ils proposent différentes avenues qui ont le potentiel de consolider les capacités de la main-d’œuvre de santé publique et d’influer conséquemment sur son efficacité à améliorer la santé des collectivités dans le prochain siècle.

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El trabajo cooperativo se puede definir como aquella actividad realizada por dos o más personas conjuntamente de forma equitativa o proporcional, para alcanzar unos objetivos y, en definitiva, aprender. La doctrina utiliza terminología diversa, trabajo en equipo, trabajo en grupo, trabajo cooperativo, trabajo colaborativo. En algunos casos hacen distinciones claras entre unos y otros, pero en realidad son pocas las diferencias, y yo personalmente prefiero utilizar esa terminología indistintamente. El trabajo cooperativo presenta muchas ventajas para el aprendizaje y la enseñanza como se podrá comprobar. Mi experiencia docente me ha llevado a utilizar de forma regular el trabajo en grupo en el sistema de evaluación continua, de ahí mi interés en esta cuestión, especialmente porque en algunos casos he encontrado ciertas dificultades en su puesta en práctica. Estos son los motivos que me han llevado a estudiar en qué consiste realmente el trabajo colaborativo y en cómo pueden evitarse aquellas dificultades. Desde mi punto de vista para evitar la disfunción del trabajo en equipo se ha de realizar un buen diseño de las actividades, y una adecuada evaluación del proceso de aprendizaje o desarrollo de la actividad, tanto a nivel individual como de grupo. En ambos casos es fundamental la función del docente que debe programar las actividades cooperativas correctamente, pero además debe informar, dirigir, orientar, mediar, animar… durante todo el proceso de aprendizaje, dependiendo de las diferentes necesidades de cada grupo. En cuanto a la evaluación del trabajo en grupo, se han de calificar tanto el trabajo individual como el resultado final del equipo, y para ello creo muy apropiada la utilización de una serie indicadores a observar en los mecanismos interpsicológicos, distinguiendo entre tres dimensiones en el proceso de aprendizaje cooperativo: la interdependencia positiva, la construcción del significado y las relaciones psicosociales. Se prestará una especial atención a la fase de construcción del significado pues es el centro del proceso. Dichos indicadores se extraen de la observación del diálogo y discusión de los miembros del grupo entre ellos, y con el profesor, y nos dan pautas para comprobar las aportaciones de cada estudiante al equipo, su trabajo individual y su contribución al trabajo colaborativo. Esto facilitará una adecuada evaluación

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La implicación de los alumnos en la Universidad se considera desde la perspectiva de la participación activa en el proceso de su aprendizaje. El aula se considera un entorno dinámico dentro del cual se debe producir el aprendizaje y se deben proporcionar las bases que faciliten los procesos de aprendizaje posteriores. El marco de actuación se propone que sea el de técnicas grupales como la “Dinámica de Grupo” y el “T-group”. Los procesos facilitadores del aprendizaje se proponen que sean mediante la provocación de “insight” y catarsis. El marco teórico se considera desde la Neurosociología, y los aspectos ontológicos, el alumno como sujeto y objeto, y epistemológicos, en cuanto a la relación del alumno como sujeto, con el entorno y con el objeto, se consideran desde la propuesta del paradigma Neuro-cuántico. El objetivo es facilitar y considerar la adquisición del conocimiento teórico-práctico, según las características personales de cada alumno, orientado a los alumnos de cualquier Área de Conocimiento, especialmente a los de Ciencias Humanas, Jurídicas y Sociales, porque su objeto de estudio es el ser humano y los aspectos relacionados con su Cultura. Los conceptos que se trabajan principalmente son los relacionados con el objeto (observado) y sus características; el sujeto (observador) y sus características; la relación sujeto-objeto, y la influencia que tienen los contenidos mentales de los alumnos, como sujeto, en la observación de los hechos. La aplicación de este programa será al inicio del período en el que se tratan aspectos relativos a la metodología, los conceptos teóricos y las características del conocimiento

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El nostre estudi és fruit del treball conjunt entre professorat universitari, d’infantil, primària i secundària i alumnat del Màster d’Art i Educació: un enfocament construccionista, dins del projecte ARIE 2008, de la Universitat de Girona: “El desenvolupament de la competència comunicativa, cultural i artística. Una experiència cooperativa en Xarxa”

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Presentació de la XIDAC a la Jornada de Bones Pràctiques 2010

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Con la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, tanto el alumnado como el profesorado en su totalidad, se ven ante la necesidad de modificar las técnicas tanto de aprendizaje, desde la perspectiva del alumno, como las metodologías de enseñanza, desde el punto de vista del profesor, a la hora de transmitir el conocimiento. La presente comunicación trata de estudiar la incidencia que el aprendizaje colaborativo tiene en el seno del aula, teniendo presente la formación de grupos reducidos tomando como referencia la totalidad del número de alumnos matriculados. Al mismo tiempo, se trata de analizar la adquisición de diferentes competencias transversales por parte de los alumnos participantes en la experiencia, como, por ejemplo, la obtención de habilidades en las relaciones interpersonales, la capacidad de organización y planificación y la capacidad de gestión de la información. Al mismo tiempo, se hace necesario poner de manifiesto que las conclusiones del presente estudio, se basan en las encuestas de autoevaluación que, los propios alumnos, han completado al finalizar la experiencia