Contribuciones de Einstein a la teoría cuántica (1905-1925)

El mito Einstein se ha formado básicamente en torno a sus teorías relativistas que, entre otras implicaciones, conducían a una original concepción del espacio-tiempo e incluso a una nueva forma de descripción del mundo físico. No obstante, sus contribuciones a la teoría cuántica -aunque no tan divulgadas- son de tal envergadura que por sí solas constituyen un aporte más que suficiente para que su autor ocupara un destacadísimo lugar entre los grandes creadores científicos de todos los tiempos. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos justificar tan categórica afirmación, empleando los medios que la historiografía moderna ofrece e incluyendo también resultados de algunas investigaciones propias.

Pilot Knob State Park, Merrick State Park, Eagle Lake State Park, Rice Lake State Park and Crystal, East and West Twin, and Duck Lakes,1925.

Provides information on Pilot Knob State Park, Merrick State Park, Eagle Lake State Park, Rice Lake State Park and Crystal, East and West Twin, and Duck Lakes including history, maps, location, terrain, photos, vegetation and wildlife.

Iowa Registered Highway Route 1914-1925

There were few guides for travelers crossing Iowa in 1838 when it was organzied as a teritory, and traveler often becaome lost or wandered for out of their way. The 1838 Territorial Government authorized the first state roads and the federal government appropriated money to expedite the movement of soldiers. The Territorial governement ued the federal money for layin gout a road from Dubuque to Keokuk vis Iowa City and this was the beginning of what was to becaome a 112,000 mile system of roads and streets in Iowa. The original roads followed the high ground of the state and were known as ride roads; but as the state was settled, roads befan to follow section line to accomodate landowners.

An Engineering Study to Update the Iowa Transportation Laws Annotated: HR 324a January 1995

Research project HR-234A was sponsored by the Iowa Highway Research Board and the Iowa Department of Transportation. In the preparation of this compilation of highway and street laws of Iowa, an attempt has been made to include those sections of the Iowa Code Annotated and Iowa Digest to which reference is frequently required by the Department of Transportation, counties, cities and towns in their conduct of highway and street administration, construction and maintenance. This publication is offered with the hope and belief that it will prove to be of value and assistance to those concerned with the problems of establishing, maintaining and administering a highway and street program. Because of the broad scope of highway and street work and the many interrelated provisions of Iowa law, and usable size, some Code provision which are insignificant to the principal subject were omitted out of necessity; others were omitted to avoid repetition. A general index is provided at the end of the text of this volume. Each major topic is divided into subtopics and is accompanied by appropriate Code sections. Specific section numbers as they appear in the Code are in.

Evaluation of Microcracking and Chemical Deterioration in Concrete Pavements Final Report, October 31, 1995

The major objective of this research project was to investigate the chemistry and morphology of portland cement concrete pavements in Iowa. The integrity of the various pavements was evaluated qualitatively, based on the presence or absence of microcracks, the presence or absence of sulfate minerals, and the presence or absence of alkali-silica gel(s). Major equipment delays and subsequent equipment replacements resulted in significant delays over the course of this research project. However, all these details were resolved and the equipment is currently in place and fully operational. The equipment that was purchased for this project included: ( I ) a LECO VP 50, 12-inch diameter, variable speed grinder/polisher: (2) a Hitachi S-2460N variable pressure scanning electron microscope; and (3) a OXFORD Instruments Link ISIS microanalysis system with a GEM (high-purity germanium) X-ray detector. This study has indicated that many of the concrete pavements contained evidence of multiple deterioration mechanisms: and hence, the identification of a single reason for the distress that was observed in any given pavement typically had to be based on opinion rather than empirical evidence.

Automated Recording of Bridge Inspection Data in the Pontis Format Final Report, HR-364 April 1995

A large percentage of bridges in the state of Iowa are classified as structurally or fiinctionally deficient. These bridges annually compete for a share of Iowa's limited transportation budget. To avoid an increase in the number of deficient bridges, the state of Iowa decided to implement a comprehensive Bridge Management System (BMS) and selected the Pontis BMS software as a bridge management tool. This program will be used to provide a selection of maintenance, repair, and replacement strategies for the bridge networks to achieve an efficient and possibly optimal allocation of resources. The Pontis BMS software uses a new rating system to evaluate extensive and detailed inspection data gathered for all bridge elements. To manually collect these data would be a highly time-consuming job. The objective of this work was to develop an automated-computerized methodology for an integrated data base that includes the rating conditions as defined in the Pontis program. Several of the available techniques that can be used to capture inspection data were reviewed, and the most suitable method was selected. To accomplish the objectives of this work, two userfriendly programs were developed. One program is used in the field to collect inspection data following a step-by-step procedure without the need to refer to the Pontis user's manuals. The other program is used in the office to read the inspection data and prepare input files for the Pontis BMS software. These two programs require users to have very limited knowledge of computers. On-line help screens as well as options for preparing, viewing, and printing inspection reports are also available. The developed data collection software will improve and expedite the process of conducting bridge inspections and preparing the required input files for the Pontis program. In addition, it will eliminate the need for large storage areas and will simplify retrieval of inspection data. Furthermore, the approach developed herein will facilitate transferring these captured data electronically between offices within the Iowa DOT and across the state.

The geographical concentration of industry across Spanish Regions, 1856-1995

New economic geography models show that there may be a strong relationship between economic integration and the geographical concentration of industries. Nevertheless, this relationship is neither unique nor stable, and may follow a ?-shaped pattern in the long term. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the evolution of the geographical concentration of manufacturing across Spanish regions during the period 1856-1995. We construct several geographical concentration indices for different points in time over these 140 years. The analysis is carried out at two levels of aggregation, in regions corresponding to the NUTS-II and NUTS-III classifications. We confirm that the process of economic integration stimulated the geographical concentration of industrial activity. Nevertheless, the localization coefficients only started to fall after the beginning of the integration of the Spanish Economy into the international markets in the mid-70s, and this new path was not interrupted by Spain¿s entry in the European Union some years later

Potencial de mercado y estructura espacial de los salarios en las regiones españolas, 1955-1995

En este artículo se examina la relación existente entre los salarios de las regiones españolas y su potencial de mercado en el período 1955-1995. Se prueba la existencia de una estructura espacial de los salarios, en la que los salarios disminuyen al alejarnos de las regiones de renta elevada. Este resultado refuerza la hipótesis de la existencia de una dinámica aglomerativa en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Sin embargo, el efecto del potencial de mercado sobre los salarios disminuye en la segunda parte del período (1975-1995). Este resultado es consistente con la apertura de una senda de dispersión en la localización de la actividad industrial a partir de mediados de los setenta

Analyse des migrations de batraciens à la Route des Paysans (Jorat, Suisse) entre 1995-2005

Aménagé en 1988 dans une zone de chablis de la forêt des Vuargnes au Chalet-à- Gobet (Lausanne), l'étang de la Bressone est rapidement devenu un site d'importance régionale pour les batraciens. Chaque année, ce sont plusieurs milliers de batraciens (Bufo bufo, Rana temporaria et Mesotriton [Triturus] alpestris) qui traversent la Route des Paysans pour aller s'y reproduire. Dès 1993, une opération de sauvetage et de suivi des migrateurs a été mise en place là où une forte mortalité amphibienne était observée. Le suivi sur plus de 10 ans a permis de clarifier la démographie des espèces migratrices et d'évaluer leur viabilité. L'analyse phénologique des migrations a également permis d'identifier une avance de deux semaines des dates de migrations, évolution compatible avec un réchauffement climatique. En 2005, un passage inférieur permanent (ou crapauduc) a été aménagé par la ville de Lausanne dans le cadre de sa politique de développement durable Agenda 21. Plus de 75% des batraciens migrant au travers de la Route des Paysans empruntent désormais ce passage qui assure la pérennité des populations d'amphibiens.

La mirada errante: de la 'Spaltung' en Lacan al 'caos-cosmos' de Deleuze

En psicoanálisis, la Spaltung se configura como la escisión o división del sujeto entre el yo o el psiquismo más íntimo y el sujeto del discurso consciente. La distancia que separa el lenguaje del inconsciente de la articulación del habla, se muestra como un abismo en el que el escritor o el artista se pierden. En la experiencia artística contemporánea se evidencia esta forma de desdoblamiento del sujeto que supone la división entre el «Yo» del enunciado y la realidad psíquica que representa: su mirada oscilante no encuentra otro reflejo que el espejo opaco de su subjetividad. Sólo en la asunción del discurso fragmentado por la grieta, en la inrnolación de uno mismo, y por la que el cuerpo cristaliza en un caos-cosmos, puede liberarse el resorte que el olvido del eterno retorno representa, la sola posibilidad de la mirada errante.

The First privatization : selling SOEs and privatizing public monopolies in fascist Italy, 1922-1925

[cat] El primer govern feixista d’Itàlia va aplicar una política de privatització a gran escala entre 1922 i 1925. El govern va privatitzar el monopoli estatal de llumins, el monopoli estatal d’assegurances de vida, va vendre la major part de la xarxa i serveis de telefònica pública a empreses privades, va reprivatitzar el major productor de productes metàl·lics, i va atorgar concessions a empreses privades per construir i explotar autopistes de peatge. Tot i que algunes consideracions ideològiques van poder tenir alguna influència, la privatització va ser usada sobre tot com un instrument polític per construir confiança amb els grans industrials i per augmentar el suport al govern i al Partito Nazionale Fascista. La privatització també va contribuir a equilibrar el pressupost públic, qüestió aquesta que va ser el principal objectiu de la primera fase de la política econòmica feixista.

Chemistry in Catalonia 1990-1995

The seven-year period studied here differs very little from the sixyear period described in the previous Report (1990-1995). Sustained growth was observed in almost all the indicators used to evaluate the resources invested and the scientific results obtained