937 resultados para Aceleração (Mecanica)


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Recent astronomical observations (involving supernovae type Ia, cosmic background radiation anisotropy and galaxy clusters probes) have provided strong evidence that the observed universe is described by an accelerating, flat model whose space-time properties can be represented by the FriedmannRobertsonWalker (FRW) metric. However, the nature of the substance or mechanism behind the current cosmic acceleration remains unknown and its determination constitutes a challenging problem for modern cosmology. In the general relativistic description, an accelerat ing regime is usually obtained by assuming the existence of an exotic energy component endowed with negative pressure, called dark energy, which is usually represented by a cosmological constant ¤ associated to the vacuum energy density. All observational data available so far are in good agreement with the concordance cosmic ¤CDM model. Nevertheless, such models are plagued with several problems thereby inspiring many authors to propose alternative candidates in the relativistic context. In this thesis, a new kind of accelerating flat model with no dark energy and fully dominated by cold dark matter (CDM) is proposed. The number of CDM particles is not conserved and the present accelerating stage is a consequence of the negative pressure describing the irreversible process of gravitational particle creation. In order to have a transition from a decelerating to an accelerating regime at low redshifts, the matter creation rate proposed here depends on 2 parameters (y and ߯): the first one identifies a constant term of the order of H0 and the second one describes a time variation proportional to he Hubble parameter H(t). In this scenario, H0 does not need to be small in order to solve the age problem and the transition happens even if there is no matter creation during the radiation and part of the matter dominated phase (when the ß term is negligible). Like in flat ACDM scenarios, the dimming of distant type Ia supernovae can be fitted with just one free parameter, and the coincidence problem plaguing the models driven by the cosmological constant. ACDM is absent. The limits endowed with with the existence of the quasar APM 08279+5255, located at z = 3:91 and with an estimated ages between 2 and 3 Gyr are also investigated. In the simplest case (ß = 0), the model is compatible with the existence of the quasar for y > 0:56 whether the age of the quasar is 2.0 Gyr. For 3 Gyr the limit derived is y > 0:72. New limits for the formation redshift of the quasar are also established

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Gait speed has been described as a predictive indicator of important adverse outcomes in older populations. Among the criteria to evaluate frailty, gait speed has been identified as the most reliable predictor of fragility, practical and low cost. Objective: This study assesses the discriminating capability of gait speed in determining the presence of fragility in the elderly community in northeast of Brazil. Method: We performed an observational analytic study with a transversal character with a sample of 391 community-living elders, aged 65 years or older, of both sexes, in the city of Santa Cruz-RN. Participants were interviewed using a multidimensional questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic information, physical-related and mental health-related information. The unintentional weight loss, muscle weakness, self-reported exhaustion, slow gait and low-physical activity were considered to evaluate the frailty syndrome. Gait velocity was measured as the time taken to walk the middle 4,6 meters of 8,6 meters (excluding 2 meters to warm-up phase and 2 meters to deceleration phase).We calculate the sensitivity and specificity of gait speed test in different cutoff points for the test run time, from which ROC curve was constructed as a measure of test predictive value to identify frail elders. The prevalence of frailty in Santa Cruz-RN was 17.1%. The gait speed test accuracy was 71%when speed is below 0,91m/s. Among women, the gait speed test accuracy was 80%(gait speed below 0.77m/s) and among men, the test accuracy was 86% (gait spend below 0,82%) (p<0,0001).Conclusion: our findings have clinical relevance when we consider that the detection of frailty presence by the gait speed test can be observed in elderly men and women by a simple, cheap and efficient exam

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work, three welding programs for orbital TIG previously developed were used, using pulsed current and increasing speed (M), constant current (#B) and pulsed current and decreasing current (#C). One of those should be used for the propulsion system of the satellite CBERS (CHINA-BRAZIL EARTH RESOURCES SATELLITE). Welded joints using tubes of commercially pure titanium were obtained with these procedures, which were characterized by means of mechanical and metallographic tests. The obtained results show that the three welding procedures produce welded joints free of defects and with adequate shape. Although small differences on mechanical properties and microstructure have been observed, the three welding programs attained compatible results with international standards used in the aerospace segment. The welding program #B, due the reduced heat input used, was considered to obtain slightly advantage over the others.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The increase of applications complexity has demanded hardware even more flexible and able to achieve higher performance. Traditional hardware solutions have not been successful in providing these applications constraints. General purpose processors have inherent flexibility, since they perform several tasks, however, they can not reach high performance when compared to application-specific devices. Moreover, since application-specific devices perform only few tasks, they achieve high performance, although they have less flexibility. Reconfigurable architectures emerged as an alternative to traditional approaches and have become an area of rising interest over the last decades. The purpose of this new paradigm is to modify the device s behavior according to the application. Thus, it is possible to balance flexibility and performance and also to attend the applications constraints. This work presents the design and implementation of a coarse grained hybrid reconfigurable architecture to stream-based applications. The architecture, named RoSA, consists of a reconfigurable logic attached to a processor. Its goal is to exploit the instruction level parallelism from intensive data-flow applications to accelerate the application s execution on the reconfigurable logic. The instruction level parallelism extraction is done at compile time, thus, this work also presents an optimization phase to the RoSA architecture to be included in the GCC compiler. To design the architecture, this work also presents a methodology based on hardware reuse of datapaths, named RoSE. RoSE aims to visualize the reconfigurable units through reusability levels, which provides area saving and datapath simplification. The architecture presented was implemented in hardware description language (VHDL). It was validated through simulations and prototyping. To characterize performance analysis some benchmarks were used and they demonstrated a speedup of 11x on the execution of some applications

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVO: Testar os efeitos de uma dieta com baixo teor de gordura comparada a uma dieta com gordura de babaçu sobre o estado nutricional em ratos jovens com colestase obstrutiva. MÉTODOS: Submetemos 40 ratos divididos em quatro grupos de 10 animais a partir do P21 (21º dia pós-natal) até o P49 a dois dos seguintes tratamentos: ligadura e ressecção do ducto biliar comum ou operação simulada e dieta com baixo teor de gordura (óleo de milho fornecendo 4,5% da quantidade total de calorias) ou dieta com gordura de babaçu (essa gordura fornecendo 32,7% e óleo de milho fornecendo 1,7% da quantidade total de calorias). Foi mensurado o ganho de peso a cada 4 dias do P25 ao P49. A função de crescimento de Verhulst foi ajustada aos valores de ganho de peso. A velocidade e a aceleração de crescimento nos mesmos momentos foram estimadas usando a mesma equação. Foram mensurados: quantidade de ração ingerida e ingestão energética total do P21 ao P49, utilização de energia do P25 ao P49, gordura absorvida e balanço de nitrogênio (BN) do P42 ao P49. A ANOVA com dois fatores e o método de S.N.K para comparações pareadas foram utilizados para estudar os efeitos, sobre as variáveis, da colestase e das dietas e sua interação (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: em ratos com colestase e dieta com baixo teor de gordura, houve maior velocidade de crescimento no P45, maior aceleração de crescimento no P41 e P45, maior utilização de energia, maior percentual de gordura absorvida e maior BN do que em ratos com colestase e dieta com gordura de babaçu. CONCLUSÃO: A dieta com baixo teor de gordura atenua a restrição de crescimento provocada pela colestase e proporciona melhor aproveitamento da dieta e maior incorporação da proteína ingerida do que a dieta com gordura de babaçu.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work the use of coconut fiber (coir) and bamboo shafts as reinforcement of soil-cement was studied, in order to obtain an alternative material to make stakes for fences in rural properties. The main objective was to study the effect of the addition of reinforcement to the soil-cement matrix. The effect of humidity on the mechanical properties was also analyzed. The soil-cement mortar was composed by a mixture, in equal parts, of soil and river sand, 14% in weight of cement and 10 % in weight of water. As reinforcement, different combinations of (a) coconut fiber with 15 mm mean length (0,3 %, 0,6 % and 1,2 % in weight) and (b) bamboo shafts, also in crescent quantities (2, 4 and 8 shafts per specimen) were used. For each combination 6 specimens were made and these were submitted to three point flexural test after 28 days of cure. In order to evaluate the effect of humidity, 1 specimen from each of the coconut fiber reinforced combination was immersed in water 24 hours prior to flexural test. The results of the tests carried out indicated that the addition of the reinforcement affected negatively the mechanical resistance and, on the other hand, increased the tenacity and the ductility of the material.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as características de filmes de SnO2 depositados em substrato de vidro borosilicato por um processo de silk-screen modificado para obtenção de espessura fina compatível com a aplicação em células solares policristalinas de baixo custo. O filme de SnO2 é um dos mais apropriados para obtenção de vidro TCO (transparent conductive oxide) para uso em células solares devido a sua baixa resistividade elétrica e alta transmitância, sendo quimicamente inerte, mecanicamente duro e tem resistência a altas temperaturas, o que facilita então a calcinação das amostras entre 500º C a 550º C. Os filmes foram obtidos a partir de uma solução precursora básica, preparada pela dissolução de SnCl2.2H2O em Etanol (99,5 %). Foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 2(3-1) para analisar a influência dos parâmetros concentração da solução precursora (CETN), temperatura de calcinação (TC) e taxa de aquecimento (tX) na calcinação, sendo a concentração CETN o parâmetro que apresentou maior efeito sobre os parâmetros de respostas investigados: espessura do filme (ω), resistividade de superfície (ρ) e a transmitância relativa (θ). Foi possível obter com a metodologia utilizada, filmes com espessuras da ordem de 1 Nm com resistividade de superfície de 10 / e transmitância relativa entre 70 e 80 %.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this dissertation, after a brief review on the Einstein s General Relativity Theory and its application to the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological models, we present and discuss the alternative theories of gravity dubbed f(R) gravity. These theories come about when one substitute in the Einstein-Hilbert action the Ricci curvature R by some well behaved nonlinear function f(R). They provide an alternative way to explain the current cosmic acceleration with no need of invoking neither a dark energy component, nor the existence of extra spatial dimensions. In dealing with f(R) gravity, two different variational approaches may be followed, namely the metric and the Palatini formalisms, which lead to very different equations of motion. We briefly describe the metric formalism and then concentrate on the Palatini variational approach to the gravity action. We make a systematic and detailed derivation of the field equations for Palatini f(R) gravity, which generalize the Einsteins equations of General Relativity, and obtain also the generalized Friedmann equations, which can be used for cosmological tests. As an example, using recent compilations of type Ia Supernovae observations, we show how the f(R) = R − fi/Rn class of gravity theories explain the recent observed acceleration of the universe by placing reasonable constraints on the free parameters fi and n. We also examine the question as to whether Palatini f(R) gravity theories permit space-times in which causality, a fundamental issue in any physical theory [22], is violated. As is well known, in General Relativity there are solutions to the viii field equations that have causal anomalies in the form of closed time-like curves, the renowned Gödel model being the best known example of such a solution. Here we show that every perfect-fluid Gödel-type solution of Palatini f(R) gravity with density and pressure p that satisfy the weak energy condition + p 0 is necessarily isometric to the Gödel geometry, demonstrating, therefore, that these theories present causal anomalies in the form of closed time-like curves. This result extends a theorem on Gödel-type models to the framework of Palatini f(R) gravity theory. We derive an expression for a critical radius rc (beyond which causality is violated) for an arbitrary Palatini f(R) theory. The expression makes apparent that the violation of causality depends on the form of f(R) and on the matter content components. We concretely examine the Gödel-type perfect-fluid solutions in the f(R) = R−fi/Rn class of Palatini gravity theories, and show that for positive matter density and for fi and n in the range permitted by the observations, these theories do not admit the Gödel geometry as a perfect-fluid solution of its field equations. In this sense, f(R) gravity theory remedies the causal pathology in the form of closed timelike curves which is allowed in General Relativity. We also examine the violation of causality of Gödel-type by considering a single scalar field as the matter content. For this source, we show that Palatini f(R) gravity gives rise to a unique Gödeltype solution with no violation of causality. Finally, we show that by combining a perfect fluid plus a scalar field as sources of Gödel-type geometries, we obtain both solutions in the form of closed time-like curves, as well as solutions with no violation of causality

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work we study the accelerated failure-time generalized Gamma regression models with a unified approach. The models attempt to estimate simultaneously the effects of covariates on the acceleration/deceleration of the timing of a given event and the surviving fraction. The method is implemented in the free statistical software R. Finally the model is applied to a real dataset referring to the time until the return of the disease in patients diagnosed with breast cancer

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The state is responsible for creating regulatory and infrastructural conditions in a determined territory. These actions generate macrodynamics, however, in some cases they show selective and restricted, as in the case concerning the transportation sector. The actions of the Brazilian government aimed at territorial fluidity nowadays are evidenced especially by the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC). The PAC in the axes allocated to the transport sector, called logistics, which in turn appears as a pressing necessity and as an ideology of the current period. Therefore, within this context of territorial transformations resulting from this program we situate our work that aims to understand how the actions of the State implemented and planned under the PAC are configuring or can configure the brazilian territorial logistics, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Norte

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Objetivo: avaliar as repercussões do diabete materno sobre o perfil fosfolipídico pulmonar de fetos de ratas com diabete moderado e grave pelas dosagens de lecitina (L), esfingomielina (E), fosfatidil-glicerol (PG), fosfatidil-inositol (PI) e relações L/E e PG/PI. Métodos: foram utilizadas 54 ratas Wistar, em idade reprodutiva, introduzidas na seqüência experimental de diabete e prenhez¹. O diabete foi induzido por aloxana (42 mg/kg de peso, iv) e compostos três grupos: controle, diabete moderado (DM, glicemia entre 120 e 200 mg/dl) e diabete grave (DG, níveis superiores a 200 mg/dl). Realizou-se cesárea no 21º dia, os pulmões fetais foram macerados, reunidos em pool e os fosfolipídios dosados por cromatografia em camada delgada unidirecional. Resultados: os pulmões dos filhotes das ratas com diabete moderado tiveram maior peso (0,159 g) e menor concentração de PG (3,0 µg/ml) e PI (3,4 µg/ml) que o grupo controle (0,155 g; 6,8 e 6,7 µg/ml), e as mesmas relações L/E (2,2) e PG/PI (2,0); os pulmões dos filhotes das ratas com diabete grave tiveram menor peso (0,145 g), os mesmos valores das relações L/E (1,9) e PG/PI (2,1) e menor valor de PI (5,1 µg/ml) que o grupo controle. Conclusões: 1) o retardo do amadurecimento pulmonar dos recém-nascidos de ratas com diabete moderado é explicado pelo maior peso pulmonar associado à menor concentração de PG e PI; 2) a aceleração do amadurecimento pulmonar dos recém-nascidos de ratas com diabete grave é explicada pelo menor peso pulmonar associado à mesma concentração de PG e PI.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo testar a hipótese de que, à semelhança do que ocorre na uremia, cães com azotemia pré-renal sofrem estresse oxidativo, o qual está relacionado com alterações do metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose dos neutrófilos. Para tal, foi determinada a peroxidação lipídica pela quantificação do malondialdeído (MDA) e o status antioxidante total do plasma de 15 cães normais e 10 com azotemia pré-renal, correlacionando-os com a produção de superóxido e o índice apoptótico dos neutrófilos. As determinações do MDA e do status antioxidante total foram estabelecidas empregando-se um conjunto de reagentes comerciais. Por meio de citometria de fluxo capilar, a produção de superóxido e a apoptose de neutrófilos isolados de sangue periférico foram determinadas utilizando-se a sonda hidroetidina e o sistema anexina V-PE, respectivamente. Cães azotêmicos (26,29±5,32g/L) apresentaram menor concentração (p=0,0264) do antioxidante albumina em relação ao grupo-controle (30,36±3,29g/L) e também uma menor (p=0,0027) capacidade antioxidante total (2,36±0,32 versus 2,73±0,24mmol/L), enquanto não houve alteração da peroxidação lipídica plasmática e da produção de superóxido neutrofílica. Concluiu-se que, à semelhança do que ocorre na uremia, condições azotêmicas pré-renais no cão causam estresse oxidativo e aceleração da apoptose dos neutrófilos.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este estudo visou verificar o efeito da sonoforese com Arnica montana sobre a fase inflamatória aguda de uma lesão muscular. Para isso, 40 ratos Wistar machos, lesados cirurgicamente, foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle (C), 10 ratos lesados e não tratados; grupo ultra-som (US), 10 lesados, tratados com US; grupo ultra-som com arnica (US+A), 10 ratos lesados, tratados com sonoforese de gel de arnica; grupo arnica (A), 10 ratos lesados, tratados com massagem de gel de arnica. O tratamento dos três grupos foi iniciado 24h após a lesão, sendo aplicado uma vez ao dia durante 3 minutos, por três dias. Quatro dias após a lesão, os animais foram sacrificados e o terço médio do músculo tibial anterior lesado foi removido e tratado histologicamente. Os resultados da análise qualitativa mostram que, no grupo C, formou-se um intenso infiltrado de células inflamatórias no espaço intersticial e um processo de regeneração apenas iniciado. Nos grupos US e US+A foi detectado um avançado processo inflamatório, com tecido conjuntivo mais organizado e consistente. No grupo A foi detectada diminuição no número de células inflamatórias e uma desorganização em sua disposição, o que poderia levar a um atraso no processo de regeneração. Conclui-se que os grupos que receberam a aplicação do ultra-som e ultra-som com arnica apresentaram semelhante aceleração do processo inflamatório agudo, sugerindo ineficácia da sonoforese quando comparada à aplicação de apenas ultra-som.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Para avaliar o comportamento da suspensão do pulverizador autopropelido, foram desenvolvidos modelos físicos e matemáticos em função da excitação ocasionada pelas irregularidades do solo. Neste trabalho, estas irregularidades são representadas por obstáculos de uma pista normalizada segundo a norma ISO 5008. As equações do movimento são obtidas a partir dos modelos matemáticos de meio veículo. As simulações numéricas são executadas nos softwares Matlab® e Simulink®. A partir da entrada conhecida, podem-se determinar as características dos elementos da suspensão para obter níveis desejáveis de conforto e segurança. Foram analisadas quatro diferentes configurações do sistema, variando-se a relação de rigidez a partir de um modelo considerado padrão. Constatou-se que o aumento da relação de rigidez resulta na redução da aceleração vertical e no aumento do curso da suspensão, melhorando o conforto e diminuindo a segurança.